See ciemno in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ciemny",
"4": "-o<id:adverbial>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tímāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьma\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciemno\">\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciemniej",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najciemniej",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemniej"
},
"expansion": "ciemno (comparative ciemniej, superlative najciemniej)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (being poorly lit)"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-adv-P0d6Jamt",
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mrocznie"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intensely (of a color)"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-adv-YmggkO0y",
"links": [
[
"intensely",
"intensely"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkly (having a low pitch)"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-adv-FfFkDUc~",
"links": [
[
"darkly",
"darkly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grubo"
},
{
"word": "nisko"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shady (not trustworthy)"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-adv-wRAWa-QH",
"links": [
[
"shady",
"shady"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 0 14 0 63 14 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 7 0 81 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 6 0 84 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 0 11 0 71 11 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 11 3 67 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 11 3 67 12 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 8 2 76 9 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 22 6 35 22 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 0 12 4 60 12 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 10 3 69 10 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 8 2 71 8 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 12 5 56 12 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -o (adverbial)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkly, mysteriously (having an unknown nature)"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-adv-9IzITFw~",
"links": [
[
"darkly",
"darkly"
],
[
"mysteriously",
"mysteriously"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"darkly (having a sad atmosphere)"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-adv-x5LJ8GkP",
"links": [
[
"darkly",
"darkly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mrocznie"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmnɔ"
}
],
"word": "ciemno"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ciemny",
"4": "-o<id:adverbial>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tímāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьma\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciemno\">\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "ciemno n",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧no"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-ciemno-pl-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemniutki"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobłękitny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobrązowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobursztynowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczekoladowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczerwony"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnofioletowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnokasztanowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoniebieski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnooki"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnopomarańczowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoróżowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoskóry"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoszary"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnowłosy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnozielony"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnożółty"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ćmy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ściemniony"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnia"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniaczka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Ciemniak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnoblond"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ściema"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zaćmienie"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemnić"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemnić"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"word": "ciemnota"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmnɔ"
}
],
"word": "ciemno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adverbs",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -o (adverbial)",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛmnɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛmnɔ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ciemny",
"4": "-o<id:adverbial>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tímāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьma\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciemno\">\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciemniej",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "najciemniej",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ciemniej"
},
"expansion": "ciemno (comparative ciemniej, superlative najciemniej)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧no"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dark (being poorly lit)"
],
"links": [
[
"dark",
"dark"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mrocznie"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"intensely (of a color)"
],
"links": [
[
"intensely",
"intensely"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkly (having a low pitch)"
],
"links": [
[
"darkly",
"darkly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "grubo"
},
{
"word": "nisko"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"shady (not trustworthy)"
],
"links": [
[
"shady",
"shady"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "jasno"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkly, mysteriously (having an unknown nature)"
],
"links": [
[
"darkly",
"darkly"
],
[
"mysteriously",
"mysteriously"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"darkly (having a sad atmosphere)"
],
"links": [
[
"darkly",
"darkly"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mrocznie"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmnɔ"
}
],
"word": "ciemno"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish adverbs",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish manner adverbs",
"Polish neuter nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Polish terms suffixed with -o (adverbial)",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛmnɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɛmnɔ/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "ciemny",
"4": "-o<id:adverbial>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tímāˀ\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьma\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-nós\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-inas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*tьmьnъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemny\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"neuter\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"redlink\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-o\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"ciemno\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"ciemno\">\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *temH-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *tímāˀ\nProto-Slavic *tьma\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-inas\nProto-Slavic *-ьnъ\nProto-Slavic *tьmьnъ\nOld Polish ciemny\nPolish ciemny\nProto-Slavic *-o\nOld Polish -o\nPolish -o\nPolish ciemno\nFrom ciemny + -o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-n",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemnie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciemno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"expansion": "ciemno n",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ciem‧no"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ciem‧no"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemniutki"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobłękitny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobrązowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnobursztynowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczekoladowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoczerwony"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnofioletowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnokasztanowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoniebieski"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnooki"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnopomarańczowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoróżowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoskóry"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnoszary"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnowłosy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnozielony"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciemnożółty"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ćmy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ściemniony"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnia"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniaczka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "Ciemniak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemniak"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnoblond"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ciemnota"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ćma"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "ściema"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zaćmienie"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "ściemnić"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemniać"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "zaciemnić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ciemność"
},
{
"word": "ciemnota"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ɕɛm.nɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛmnɔ"
}
],
"word": "ciemno"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ciemno meaning in Polish (11.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (03da280 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.