"skumt" meaning in Latvian

See skumt in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [skùmt]
Etymology: The origin of this word is unclear. One possibility is that it a form of the dialectal verb kumt “to bend, to stoop,” from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ku- “to swell, to bend” with an extra -m. The initial s would result from variation, as in the case of kumšķis ~ skumšķis (q.v.). The original meaning would thus have been “to bend, to stoop,” presumably from sadness, distress, depression (note the use of the prefix no- in the perfective noskumt; originally, no- denoted upward motion). Another hypothesis suggests a connection with the idea of “dark” or “darkening,” deriving skumt from Proto-Indo-European *kew- “to cover,” from which also Norwegian skume “dark,” Old Norse skúmi “twilight.” Etymology templates: {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*kew-}} Proto-Indo-European *kew-, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*kew-}} Proto-Indo-European *kew-, {{cog|no|skume}} Norwegian skume, {{cog|non|skúmi}} Old Norse skúmi Head templates: {{head|lv|verb|intransitive||1st conjugation||||||present|skumstu, skumsti, skumst|past|skumu|head=skumt}} skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu), {{lv-verb|intr|1st|skumst|skumst|i|skum}} skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu) Inflection templates: {{lv-conj|skum|skumst|1st|skumst|i|skum||st|pass=no|width=480}}, {{lv-conj-1|skum|skumst|skumst|i|skum||st|inf=|kc=|pass=no|pol=|prespart=|refl=|stem2=|sz=|width=100%|zstd=}}, {{lv-conj-table|skumstu|skumsti|skumst|skumstam|skumstat|skumu|skumi|skuma|skumām|skumāt|skumšu|skumsi|skums|skumsim|skumsiet, skumsit|skumsti|skumstiet|skumstot|skumšot|skumtu|jāskumst|jāskumstot|skumstošs|skumdams|skumstot|skumstam|skumis|skumstams|skumts|skumšana|inf=|pass=no|pol=|prespart=|refl=|width=100%}} Forms: conjugation [first-person], skumstu [present], skumsti [present], skumst [present], skumu [past], no-table-tags [table-tags], skumstu [first-person, indicative, present, singular], skumu [first-person, indicative, past, singular], skumšu [first-person, future, indicative, singular], - [first-person, imperative, singular], skumsti [indicative, present, second-person, singular], skumi [indicative, past, second-person, singular], skumsi [future, indicative, second-person, singular], skumsti [imperative, second-person, singular], skumst [indicative, present, singular, third-person], skuma [indicative, past, singular, third-person], skums [future, indicative, singular, third-person], lai skumst [imperative, singular, third-person], skumstam [first-person, indicative, plural, present], skumām [first-person, indicative, past, plural], skumsim [first-person, future, indicative, plural], skumsim [first-person, imperative, plural], skumstat [indicative, plural, present, second-person], skumāt [indicative, past, plural, second-person], skumsiet [future, indicative, plural, second-person], skumsit [future, indicative, plural, second-person], skumstiet [imperative, plural, second-person], skumst [indicative, plural, present, third-person], skuma [indicative, past, plural, third-person], skums [future, indicative, plural, third-person], lai skumst [imperative, plural, third-person], skumstot [present, renarrative], skumstošs [active, adjectival, participle, participle-1, present], esot skumis [past, renarrative], skumdams [active, adverbial, participle, participle-2, present], skumšot [future, renarrative], skumstot [active, adverbial, participle, participle-3, present], lai skumstot [imperative], skumstam [active, participle, participle-4, present], skumis [active, participle, past], skumtu [conditional, present], - [participle, passive, present], būtu skumis [conditional, past], - [participle, passive, past], jāskumst [debitive, indicative], būt jāskumst [debitive, indicative], skumt [infinitive], esot jāskumst [conjunctive, conjunctive-1, debitive], neskumt [infinitive, negative], jāskumstot [conjunctive, conjunctive-2, debitive], skumšana [noun-from-verb]
  1. to be, become sad, to sadden, to feel sadness, sorrow, to grieve Tags: intransitive Synonyms: bēdāt, bēdāties, nomākt Derived forms: prefixed verbs:, apskumt, noskumt, paskumt, saskumt Related terms: skumdēt, skumdināt, skumīgs, skumīgums, skumība, skumjas, skumjš, skumjums
    Sense id: en-skumt-lv-verb-szCNtvlq Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t, Latvian undefined derivations, Latvian words with falling intonation

Download JSON data for skumt meaning in Latvian (9.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kew-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kew-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "skume"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian skume",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skúmi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skúmi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin of this word is unclear. One possibility is that it a form of the dialectal verb kumt “to bend, to stoop,” from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ku- “to swell, to bend” with an extra -m. The initial s would result from variation, as in the case of kumšķis ~ skumšķis (q.v.). The original meaning would thus have been “to bend, to stoop,” presumably from sadness, distress, depression (note the use of the prefix no- in the perfective noskumt; originally, no- denoted upward motion). Another hypothesis suggests a connection with the idea of “dark” or “darkening,” deriving skumt from Proto-Indo-European *kew- “to cover,” from which also Norwegian skume “dark,” Old Norse skúmi “twilight.”",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstu",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsti",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumst",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumu",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumšu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skums",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skums",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstošs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "participle-1",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot skumis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumdams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-2",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumšot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-3",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai skumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "participle-4",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumtu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būtu skumis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāskumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būt jāskumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot jāskumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-1",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neskumt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāskumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-2",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumšana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "present",
        "12": "skumstu, skumsti, skumst",
        "13": "past",
        "14": "skumu",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "intransitive",
        "4": "",
        "5": "1st conjugation",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": "skumt"
      },
      "expansion": "skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "intr",
        "2": "1st",
        "3": "skumst",
        "4": "skumst",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "skum"
      },
      "expansion": "skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu)",
      "name": "lv-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skum",
        "2": "skumst",
        "3": "1st",
        "4": "skumst",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "skum",
        "7": "",
        "8": "st",
        "pass": "no",
        "width": "480"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skum",
        "2": "skumst",
        "3": "skumst",
        "4": "i",
        "5": "skum",
        "6": "",
        "7": "st",
        "inf": "",
        "kc": "",
        "pass": "no",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "stem2": "",
        "sz": "",
        "width": "100%",
        "zstd": ""
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skumstu",
        "10": "skumāt",
        "11": "skumšu",
        "12": "skumsi",
        "13": "skums",
        "14": "skumsim",
        "15": "skumsiet,\nskumsit",
        "16": "skumsti",
        "17": "skumstiet",
        "18": "skumstot",
        "19": "skumšot",
        "2": "skumsti",
        "20": "skumtu",
        "21": "jāskumst",
        "22": "jāskumstot",
        "23": "skumstošs",
        "24": "skumdams",
        "25": "skumstot",
        "26": "skumstam",
        "27": "skumis",
        "28": "skumstams",
        "29": "skumts",
        "3": "skumst",
        "30": "skumšana",
        "4": "skumstam",
        "5": "skumstat",
        "6": "skumu",
        "7": "skumi",
        "8": "skuma",
        "9": "skumām",
        "inf": "",
        "pass": "no",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "width": "100%"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "prefixed verbs:"
        },
        {
          "word": "apskumt"
        },
        {
          "word": "noskumt"
        },
        {
          "word": "paskumt"
        },
        {
          "word": "saskumt"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to be sad about a failure",
          "text": "skumt par neveiksmēm",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "and yet he waited for spring and was sad about winter being so long and harsh",
          "text": "un tomēr viņš gaidīja pavasari un skuma, ka ziema ir tik gara un barga",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "patiesību sakot, viņš daudz neskuma par Ēvalda aiziešanu ― truth be told, he wasn't really sad about Ēvalds' departure",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the gardener grieved for his beloved son and cried sorrowful tears",
          "text": "dārznieks skuma pēc sava mīļotā dēla un raudāja žēlas asaras",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "lonely, empty, the abandoned house is sad, / the winds in the chimney howl at midnight",
          "text": "vientuļa, tukša skumst pamestā māja, / dūmenī vēji tik pusnaktīs gaudo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be, become sad, to sadden, to feel sadness, sorrow, to grieve"
      ],
      "id": "en-skumt-lv-verb-szCNtvlq",
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "sadden",
          "sadden"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grieve",
          "grieve"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "skumdēt"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumdināt"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumīgs"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumīgums"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumība"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumjas"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumjš"
        },
        {
          "word": "skumjums"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "bēdāt"
        },
        {
          "word": "bēdāties"
        },
        {
          "word": "nomākt"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[skùmt]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skumt"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "prefixed verbs:"
    },
    {
      "word": "apskumt"
    },
    {
      "word": "noskumt"
    },
    {
      "word": "paskumt"
    },
    {
      "word": "saskumt"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kew-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*kew-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "skume"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian skume",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "skúmi"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse skúmi",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The origin of this word is unclear. One possibility is that it a form of the dialectal verb kumt “to bend, to stoop,” from Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *ku- “to swell, to bend” with an extra -m. The initial s would result from variation, as in the case of kumšķis ~ skumšķis (q.v.). The original meaning would thus have been “to bend, to stoop,” presumably from sadness, distress, depression (note the use of the prefix no- in the perfective noskumt; originally, no- denoted upward motion). Another hypothesis suggests a connection with the idea of “dark” or “darkening,” deriving skumt from Proto-Indo-European *kew- “to cover,” from which also Norwegian skume “dark,” Old Norse skúmi “twilight.”",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstu",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsti",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumst",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumu",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumšu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsti",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skums",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumām",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstat",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumāt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumsit",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstiet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skuma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skums",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai skumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstošs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adjectival",
        "participle",
        "participle-1",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot skumis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumdams",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-2",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumšot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "renarrative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "adverbial",
        "participle",
        "participle-3",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lai skumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumstam",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "participle-4",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumtu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būtu skumis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "passive",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāskumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "būt jāskumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "debitive",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "esot jāskumst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-1",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "neskumt",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "jāskumstot",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "conjunctive-2",
        "debitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "skumšana",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "",
        "11": "present",
        "12": "skumstu, skumsti, skumst",
        "13": "past",
        "14": "skumu",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "intransitive",
        "4": "",
        "5": "1st conjugation",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "head": "skumt"
      },
      "expansion": "skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "intr",
        "2": "1st",
        "3": "skumst",
        "4": "skumst",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "skum"
      },
      "expansion": "skumt (intransitive, 1st conjugation, present skumstu, skumsti, skumst, past skumu)",
      "name": "lv-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skum",
        "2": "skumst",
        "3": "1st",
        "4": "skumst",
        "5": "i",
        "6": "skum",
        "7": "",
        "8": "st",
        "pass": "no",
        "width": "480"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skum",
        "2": "skumst",
        "3": "skumst",
        "4": "i",
        "5": "skum",
        "6": "",
        "7": "st",
        "inf": "",
        "kc": "",
        "pass": "no",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "stem2": "",
        "sz": "",
        "width": "100%",
        "zstd": ""
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-1"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "skumstu",
        "10": "skumāt",
        "11": "skumšu",
        "12": "skumsi",
        "13": "skums",
        "14": "skumsim",
        "15": "skumsiet,\nskumsit",
        "16": "skumsti",
        "17": "skumstiet",
        "18": "skumstot",
        "19": "skumšot",
        "2": "skumsti",
        "20": "skumtu",
        "21": "jāskumst",
        "22": "jāskumstot",
        "23": "skumstošs",
        "24": "skumdams",
        "25": "skumstot",
        "26": "skumstam",
        "27": "skumis",
        "28": "skumstams",
        "29": "skumts",
        "3": "skumst",
        "30": "skumšana",
        "4": "skumstam",
        "5": "skumstat",
        "6": "skumu",
        "7": "skumi",
        "8": "skuma",
        "9": "skumām",
        "inf": "",
        "pass": "no",
        "pol": "",
        "prespart": "",
        "refl": "",
        "width": "100%"
      },
      "name": "lv-conj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "skumdēt"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumdināt"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumīgs"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumīgums"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumība"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumjas"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumjš"
    },
    {
      "word": "skumjums"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian -st- type first conjugation verbs",
        "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
        "Latvian first conjugation verbs",
        "Latvian first conjugation verbs in -t",
        "Latvian intransitive verbs",
        "Latvian lemmas",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Latvian terms with redundant head parameter",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "Latvian undefined derivations",
        "Latvian verbs",
        "Latvian words with falling intonation"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to be sad about a failure",
          "text": "skumt par neveiksmēm",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "and yet he waited for spring and was sad about winter being so long and harsh",
          "text": "un tomēr viņš gaidīja pavasari un skuma, ka ziema ir tik gara un barga",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "patiesību sakot, viņš daudz neskuma par Ēvalda aiziešanu ― truth be told, he wasn't really sad about Ēvalds' departure",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the gardener grieved for his beloved son and cried sorrowful tears",
          "text": "dārznieks skuma pēc sava mīļotā dēla un raudāja žēlas asaras",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "lonely, empty, the abandoned house is sad, / the winds in the chimney howl at midnight",
          "text": "vientuļa, tukša skumst pamestā māja, / dūmenī vēji tik pusnaktīs gaudo",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be, become sad, to sadden, to feel sadness, sorrow, to grieve"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "be",
          "be"
        ],
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "sad",
          "sad"
        ],
        [
          "sadden",
          "sadden"
        ],
        [
          "feel",
          "feel"
        ],
        [
          "sadness",
          "sadness"
        ],
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "grieve",
          "grieve"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[skùmt]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "bēdāt"
    },
    {
      "word": "bēdāties"
    },
    {
      "word": "nomākt"
    }
  ],
  "word": "skumt"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.