See jūs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*jūˀs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yū́",
"4": "",
"5": "you (pl.)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "iouson"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian iouson",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "jūs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian jūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ioūs"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ioūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "यूयम्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
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},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "jūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "jūsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "jums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "jūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "jums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "jūsos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pers",
"2": "2nd",
"3": "p"
},
"expansion": "jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)",
"name": "lv-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "jūsējs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vietniekvārds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Template:User:Pereru"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "list helper-3"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 36 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 36 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; accusative plural of jūs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-jūs-lv-pron-ILbt4vud",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
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[
"jūs",
"jūs#Latvian"
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"_dis": "23 36 41",
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"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "where, boys, were you?",
"text": "kur jūs, zēni, bijāt?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hurry up, they are already waiting for you!",
"text": "steidzieties, jūs jau gaida!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?",
"text": "kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you",
"text": "esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-jūs-lv-pron-cWwlqm3b",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 25 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"_dis": "24 30 45",
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"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
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{
"_dis": "15 37 48",
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"Pronouns",
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{
"_dis": "23 36 41",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "15 24 61 0 0",
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{
"_dis": "15 24 61 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs",
"text": "būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything",
"text": "(Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I thank (you) for your help",
"text": "pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?",
"text": "Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-jūs-lv-pron-We6W1e4~",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[juːs]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-jūs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "jūs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian personal pronouns",
"Latvian pronoun forms",
"Latvian pronouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*jūˀs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yū́",
"4": "",
"5": "you (pl.)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "iouson"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian iouson",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "jūs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian jūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ioūs"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ioūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "यूयम्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yū́ (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "jūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "jūsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "jums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "jūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative"
]
},
{
"form": "jums",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "jūsos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns"
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pers",
"2": "2nd",
"3": "p"
},
"expansion": "jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)",
"name": "lv-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "jūsējs"
},
{
"word": "vietniekvārds"
},
{
"word": "Template:User:Pereru"
},
{
"word": "list helper-3"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
"glosses": [
"you; accusative plural of jūs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"jūs",
"jūs#Latvian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "where, boys, were you?",
"text": "kur jūs, zēni, bijāt?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hurry up, they are already waiting for you!",
"text": "steidzieties, jūs jau gaida!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?",
"text": "kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you",
"text": "esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian formal terms",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs",
"text": "būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "(Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything",
"text": "(Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "I thank (you) for your help",
"text": "pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?",
"text": "Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[juːs]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-jūs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "jūs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for jūs meaning in Latvian (5.0kB)
{
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"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Latvian]; cleaned text: jūs",
"path": [
"jūs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jūs",
"trace": ""
}
{
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"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Latvian]; cleaned text: jūs",
"path": [
"jūs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jūs",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.