See jūs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*jūˀs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yúHs",
"4": "",
"5": "you (pl.)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "iouson"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian iouson",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "jūs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian jūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ioūs"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ioūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "यूयम्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pers",
"2": "2nd",
"3": "p"
},
"expansion": "jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)",
"name": "lv-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "jūsējs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vietniekvārds"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "es"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viņš"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viņi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viņa"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "viņas"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 34 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 43 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 40 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 39 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 43 44 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 42 44 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; accusative plural of jūs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-jūs-lv-pron-ILbt4vud",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"jūs",
"jūs#Latvian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 34 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 43 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 40 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 39 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 43 44 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 42 44 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"english": "where, boys, were you?",
"text": "kur jūs, zēni, bijāt?",
"translation": "where, boys, were you?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"english": "hurry up, they are already waiting for you!",
"text": "steidzieties, jūs jau gaida!",
"translation": "hurry up, they are already waiting for you!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?",
"text": "kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis?",
"translation": "which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
67
]
],
"english": "you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you",
"text": "esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs",
"translation": "you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-jūs-lv-pron-cWwlqm3b",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 34 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 43 43",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian personal pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 40 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 39 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 43 44 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 42 44 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
],
[
40,
43
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
],
[
59,
62
]
],
"english": "to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs",
"text": "būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs",
"translation": "to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
],
[
43,
46
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
17
],
[
59,
70
]
],
"english": "(Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything",
"text": "(Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt",
"translation": "(Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "I thank (you) for your help",
"text": "pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību",
"translation": "I thank (you) for your help",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"english": "Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?",
"text": "Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs?",
"translation": "Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"id": "en-jūs-lv-pron-We6W1e4~",
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[juːs]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-jūs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "jūs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian personal pronouns",
"Latvian pronoun forms",
"Latvian pronouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*jūˀs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yúHs",
"4": "",
"5": "you (pl.)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "iouson"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian iouson",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "jūs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian jūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ioūs"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ioūs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "यूयम्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *jūˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *yúHs (“you (pl.)”). The non-nominative forms were re-formed, following the paradigm of u-stems: a new accusative *júns > jūs, a new genitive *jūsōn > jūsu (cf. Old Prussian iouson), and a new dative *jūmus > *jumus > jums. Cognates include Lithuanian jūs, Old Prussian ioūs, iaūs, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jus), Sanskrit यूयम् (yūyam) (< *yūš-).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun form"
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pronoun",
"cat2": "personal pronouns",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "jūs",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pers",
"2": "2nd",
"3": "p"
},
"expansion": "jūs (personal, 2nd person plural)",
"name": "lv-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "jūsējs"
},
{
"word": "vietniekvārds"
},
{
"word": "es"
},
{
"word": "mēs"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "viņš"
},
{
"word": "viņi"
},
{
"word": "viņa"
},
{
"word": "viņas"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
"glosses": [
"you; accusative plural of jūs"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"jūs",
"jūs#Latvian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
21
]
],
"english": "where, boys, were you?",
"text": "kur jūs, zēni, bijāt?",
"translation": "where, boys, were you?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
39,
42
]
],
"english": "hurry up, they are already waiting for you!",
"text": "steidzieties, jūs jau gaida!",
"translation": "hurry up, they are already waiting for you!",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
8,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"english": "which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?",
"text": "kurš no jums ir vecāks: Birkenbaums, Gulbis vai Jānis?",
"translation": "which of you is the oldest: Birkenbaums, Gulbis, or Jānis?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
67
]
],
"english": "you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you",
"text": "esat, Birutiņ, un tu, Ansi... esat mani bērni, tikai es neesmu jūsu īstais tēvs",
"translation": "you are, Birutiņa, and you, Ansis... you",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee and other people"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"tags": [
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian formal terms",
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
10
],
[
40,
43
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
12
],
[
59,
62
]
],
"english": "to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs",
"text": "būt uz jūs (ar kādu), uzrunāt (kādu) ar jūs",
"translation": "to be on jūs (with someone), to address (someone) with, as jūs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
14,
17
],
[
43,
46
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
8,
17
],
[
59,
70
]
],
"english": "(Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything",
"text": "(Ilga:) āgrāk jūs tā nerunājāt... (Marts:) jūs toreiz bijāt maza meitene un nekā nesapratāt",
"translation": "(Ilga:) you, sir, didn't talk like that before... (Marts:) you, madam, were then a small girl and didn't understand anything",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
17
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
18,
22
]
],
"english": "I thank (you) for your help",
"text": "pateicos par Jūsu palīdzību",
"translation": "I thank (you) for your help",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"english": "Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?",
"text": "Kalniņa kungs, vai Jums šis jautājums ir skaidrs?",
"translation": "Mr Kalniņš, is this question clear to you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"head_nr": 2,
"links": [
[
"you",
"you"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(formal) you; second-person pronoun, referring to the addressee, singular or plural, to show polite respect; often capitalized"
],
"tags": [
"formal",
"personal",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[juːs]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-jūs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Lv-riga-j%C5%ABs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "jūs"
}
Download raw JSONL data for jūs meaning in Latvian (5.6kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/328",
"msg": "TABLE not properly closed",
"path": [
"jūs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jūs",
"trace": "started on line 3, detected on line 6"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <div> not properly closed",
"path": [
"jūs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jūs",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 6"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </div>",
"path": [
"jūs"
],
"section": "Latvian",
"subsection": "pronoun",
"title": "jūs",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-08-05 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.