See 常 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 常 meaning in Japanese (27.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "Hitachi",
"ruby": [
[
"常陸",
"ひたち"
]
],
"word": "常陸"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
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"eternal, unchanging"
],
"id": "en-常-ja-character-2GyN0WRp",
"links": [
[
"eternal",
"eternal"
],
[
"unchanging",
"unchanging"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-5-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ordinary, usual"
],
"id": "en-常-ja-character-NFmsm2OS",
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-5-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"continuation"
],
"id": "en-常-ja-character-GCdM~u7B",
"links": [
[
"continuation",
"continuation"
]
],
"tags": [
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"kanji"
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},
{
"categories": [
{
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"glosses": [
"Hitachi Province"
],
"id": "en-常-ja-character-01vYeng5",
"tags": [
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"kanji"
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}
],
"word": "常"
}
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"etymology_text": "/d͡ʑau/ → /d͡ʑɔː/ → /d͡ʑoː/\nFrom Middle Chinese 常 (MC dzyang).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"じょう"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
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},
{
"form": "jō",
"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "zyau",
"tags": [
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"lang_code": "ja",
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{
"roman": "jōon",
"ruby": [
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"じょうおん"
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{
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"ruby": [
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"常",
"じょう"
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[
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"き"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "jōji",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"じょう"
],
[
"時",
"じ"
]
],
"word": "常時"
},
{
"roman": "jōshiki",
"ruby": [
[
"常識",
"じょうしき"
]
],
"word": "常識"
},
{
"roman": "Jōshū",
"ruby": [
[
"常州",
"じょうしゅう"
]
],
"word": "常州"
},
{
"roman": "jōshū",
"ruby": [
[
"常習",
"じょうしゅう"
]
],
"word": "常習"
},
{
"roman": "jōjin",
"word": "常人"
},
{
"roman": "jōnin",
"word": "常人"
},
{
"roman": "jōtai",
"ruby": [
[
"常体",
"じょうたい"
]
],
"word": "常体"
},
{
"roman": "jōtai",
"ruby": [
[
"常態",
"じょうたい"
]
],
"word": "常態"
},
{
"roman": "jōnin",
"ruby": [
[
"常任",
"じょうにん"
]
],
"word": "常任"
},
{
"roman": "Jōban",
"ruby": [
[
"常磐",
"じょうばん"
]
],
"word": "常磐"
},
{
"roman": "jōbi",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"じょう"
],
[
"備",
"び"
]
],
"word": "常備"
},
{
"roman": "jōmu",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"じょう"
],
[
"務",
"む"
]
],
"word": "常務"
},
{
"roman": "jōya",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"じょう"
],
[
"夜",
"や"
]
],
"word": "常夜"
},
{
"roman": "jōyō",
"ruby": [
[
"常用",
"じょうよう"
]
],
"word": "常用"
},
{
"roman": "jōryoku",
"ruby": [
[
"常緑",
"じょうりょく"
]
],
"word": "常緑"
},
{
"roman": "ijō",
"ruby": [
[
"異",
"い"
],
[
"常",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "異常"
},
{
"roman": "keijō",
"ruby": [
[
"経常",
"けいじょう"
]
],
"word": "経常"
},
{
"roman": "kōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"恒常",
"こうじょう"
]
],
"word": "恒常"
},
{
"roman": "kōjō",
"ruby": [
[
"綱常",
"こうじょう"
]
],
"word": "綱常"
},
{
"roman": "gojō",
"ruby": [
[
"五",
"ご"
],
[
"常",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "五常"
},
{
"roman": "jinjō",
"ruby": [
[
"尋常",
"じんじょう"
]
],
"word": "尋常"
},
{
"roman": "seijō",
"ruby": [
[
"正常",
"せいじょう"
]
],
"word": "正常"
},
{
"roman": "tsūjō",
"ruby": [
[
"通常",
"つうじょう"
]
],
"word": "通常"
},
{
"roman": "nichijō",
"ruby": [
[
"日常",
"にちじょう"
]
],
"word": "日常"
},
{
"roman": "hijō",
"ruby": [
[
"非",
"ひ"
],
[
"常",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "非常"
},
{
"roman": "heijō",
"ruby": [
[
"平常",
"へいじょう"
]
],
"word": "平常"
},
{
"roman": "mujō",
"ruby": [
[
"無",
"む"
],
[
"常",
"じょう"
]
],
"word": "無常"
}
],
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"always, constantly, consistently"
],
"id": "en-常-ja-adv-7b2dcPXM",
"links": [
[
"always",
"always"
],
[
"constantly",
"constantly"
],
[
"consistently",
"consistently"
]
],
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],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
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"other": "じょー"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞ː]"
}
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],
"word": "常"
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"meter"
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"尺#Japanese"
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[
"foot",
"foot"
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[
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],
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],
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[
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]
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],
"synonyms": [
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"word": "段"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
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}
],
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}
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}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tsunetai",
"ruby": [
[
"常体",
"つねたい"
]
],
"word": "常体"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tsunezune",
"word": "常々"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "tsunezune",
"word": "常常"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "keitsune",
"ruby": [
[
"経常",
"けいつね"
]
],
"word": "経常"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
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},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
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{
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},
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},
{
"args": {},
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},
{
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"4": "thick rope; binding",
"tr": "tsuna"
},
"expansion": "綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tune/ → /t͡sune/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, compiled around 759 CE. May be cognate with 綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”), with underlying ideas of \"connection, continuance\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"つね"
]
],
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"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsune",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
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"roman": "tsune na",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"つね"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "常に",
"roman": "tsune ni",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"つね"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "常(つね) • (tsune) -na (adnominal 常(つね)な (tsune na), adverbial 常(つね)に (tsune ni))",
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}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-常-ja-adj-plSegLS-",
"links": [
[
"eternal",
"eternal"
],
[
"permanent",
"permanent"
],
[
"consistent",
"consistent"
]
],
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"(obsolete) eternal, permanent, consistent"
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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],
"id": "en-常-ja-adj-orBHfOnz",
"links": [
[
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"normal"
],
[
"everyday",
"everyday"
],
[
"regular",
"regular"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) normal, everyday, regular, usual, ordinary"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "普段"
},
{
"word": "普通"
},
{
"word": "平素"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
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{
"other": "つね"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝne̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "恒"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "常"
}
{
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"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "つね"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
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{
"args": {
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},
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},
{
"args": {},
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},
{
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"4": "thick rope; binding",
"tr": "tsuna"
},
"expansion": "綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tune/ → /t͡sune/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, compiled around 759 CE. May be cognate with 綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”), with underlying ideas of \"connection, continuance\".",
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{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"つね"
]
],
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]
},
{
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}
],
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"args": {
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},
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}
],
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{
"glosses": [
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],
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],
[
"continuance",
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},
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],
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"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"everyday",
"everyday"
]
]
}
],
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},
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"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝne̞]"
}
],
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}
],
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],
"word": "常"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "time",
"tr": "toki"
},
"expansion": "時 (toki, “time”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨to₂ko₂⟩ → */təkə/ → /toko/\nFrom Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with 時 (toki, “time”).\nThe way the term is used in the historical record suggests that this was originally a noun. By the time of written Japanese, however, this term only appears in compounds, never on its own, and its usage is more as an adjective to modify other nouns.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toko-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tokoshi",
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[
"常",
"とこ"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokoshie",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokoaki",
"ruby": [
[
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"とこあき"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "toko otome",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
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"おと"
],
[
"女",
"め"
]
],
"word": "常乙女"
},
{
"roman": "toko tsu kuni",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"国",
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]
],
"word": "常つ国"
},
{
"roman": "tokonatsu",
"ruby": [
[
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"とこなつ"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokoharu",
"ruby": [
[
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"とこはる"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokofuyu",
"ruby": [
[
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"とこふゆ"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokoyami",
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"とこやみ"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokoyo",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
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"よ"
]
],
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},
{
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[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
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]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tokiwa",
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},
{
"roman": "tokiwa",
"word": "常盤"
},
{
"roman": "tokowa",
"word": "常葉"
},
{
"roman": "tokiwa",
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}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-常-ja-prefix-~bDfx0Dv",
"links": [
[
"eternal",
"eternal"
],
[
"forever",
"forever"
],
[
"unchanging",
"unchanging"
],
[
"everlasting",
"everlasting"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[to̞ko̞]"
}
],
"word": "常"
}
{
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tokotoba/ → /tokotowa/\nFrom Old Japanese. Read as tokotoba until the Heian period.\nAppears to be originally a compound of 常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba).\nThis latter element is of unclear derivation. Some sources indicate that towa as an independent term arose as a contraction of earlier tokotoba, suggesting the possibility that toba was initially a compound of particles と (to, adverbial particle) + は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle). However, other sources describe tokotowa as an intensified or emphatic form of towa.",
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]
],
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
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]
},
{
"form": "常な",
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"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とことわ"
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],
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]
},
{
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"ruby": [
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]
],
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}
],
"head_templates": [
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],
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},
{
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],
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"permanent"
],
[
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"eternal"
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],
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],
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}
],
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"rare"
]
},
{
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"source": "w"
}
],
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"usual"
],
[
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"ordinary"
]
],
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],
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"word": "常"
}
],
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"rare"
]
}
],
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "永久"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
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"Heian period",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "常"
}
{
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"3": "-"
},
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{
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{
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},
"expansion": "常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
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{
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"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tokotoba/ → /tokotowa/\nFrom Old Japanese. Read as tokotoba until the Heian period.\nAppears to be originally a compound of 常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba).\nThis latter element is of unclear derivation. Some sources indicate that towa as an independent term arose as a contraction of earlier tokotoba, suggesting the possibility that toba was initially a compound of particles と (to, adverbial particle) + は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle). However, other sources describe tokotowa as an intensified or emphatic form of towa.",
"forms": [
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"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
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"とことわ"
]
],
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]
},
{
"form": "tokotowa",
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},
{
"form": "tokotofa",
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"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "とことは",
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"tags": [
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"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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}
],
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{
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],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"permanence"
],
[
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]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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{
"word": "常しえ"
}
],
"tags": [
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"rare"
]
}
],
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},
{
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},
{
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}
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"rare"
],
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}
],
"wikipedia": [
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],
"word": "常"
}
{
"categories": [
"Grade 5 kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading じょう",
"Japanese kanji with historical goon reading じやう",
"Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しやう",
"Japanese kanji with historical nanori reading ときは",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しょう",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading きだ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading つね",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading とこ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading とことわ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading とわ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading つら",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading とき",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ときわ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading のぶ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひさ",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひさし",
"Japanese kanji with nanori reading ひた",
"Japanese terms spelled with 常",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "Hitachi",
"ruby": [
[
"常陸",
"ひたち"
]
],
"word": "常陸"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"eternal, unchanging"
],
"links": [
[
"eternal",
"eternal"
],
[
"unchanging",
"unchanging"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-5-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"ordinary, usual"
],
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"usual",
"usual"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-5-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"continuation"
],
"links": [
[
"continuation",
"continuation"
]
],
"tags": [
"grade-5-kanji",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Hitachi Province"
],
"tags": [
"grade-5-kanji",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "常"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 常",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
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"じょうおん"
]
],
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},
{
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"じょう"
],
[
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"き"
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},
{
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"じょう"
],
[
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"じ"
]
],
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},
{
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[
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"じょうしき"
]
],
"word": "常識"
},
{
"roman": "Jōshū",
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"常州",
"じょうしゅう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "jōshū",
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[
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"じょうしゅう"
]
],
"word": "常習"
},
{
"roman": "jōjin",
"word": "常人"
},
{
"roman": "jōnin",
"word": "常人"
},
{
"roman": "jōtai",
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[
"常体",
"じょうたい"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "jōtai",
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[
"常態",
"じょうたい"
]
],
"word": "常態"
},
{
"roman": "jōnin",
"ruby": [
[
"常任",
"じょうにん"
]
],
"word": "常任"
},
{
"roman": "Jōban",
"ruby": [
[
"常磐",
"じょうばん"
]
],
"word": "常磐"
},
{
"roman": "jōbi",
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"じょう"
],
[
"備",
"び"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "jōmu",
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[
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"じょう"
],
[
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"む"
]
],
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},
{
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],
[
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"や"
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{
"roman": "jōyō",
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"じょうよう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "jōryoku",
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"じょうりょく"
]
],
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},
{
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"い"
],
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"じょう"
]
],
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]
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{
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"こうじょう"
]
],
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},
{
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]
],
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},
{
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]
],
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},
{
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]
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{
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"せいじょう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "tsūjō",
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"つうじょう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "nichijō",
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[
"日常",
"にちじょう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "hijō",
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"ひ"
],
[
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"じょう"
]
],
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},
{
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"へいじょう"
]
],
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},
{
"roman": "mujō",
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"む"
],
[
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"じょう"
]
],
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[
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],
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[
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{
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},
"expansion": "刻む (kizamu, “to mince; to slice; to cut a thing into pieces; to groove, to nick, to notch”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "*⟨ki₁da⟩ → */kʲida/ → /kida/\nFirst attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).\nCognate with root kiza in 刻む (kizamu, “to mince; to slice; to cut a thing into pieces; to groove, to nick, to notch”).\nAlso sometimes read as kita.",
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],
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"name": "m"
}
],
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"name": "m"
}
],
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],
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{
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{
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}
],
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"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "つね"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "綱",
"3": "",
"4": "thick rope; binding",
"tr": "tsuna"
},
"expansion": "綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tune/ → /t͡sune/\nFrom Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, compiled around 759 CE. May be cognate with 綱 (tsuna, “thick rope; binding”), with underlying ideas of \"connection, continuance\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"つね"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsune",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つね"
},
"expansion": "常(つね) • (tsune)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"constancy, continuance"
],
"links": [
[
"constancy",
"constancy"
],
[
"continuance",
"continuance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the ordinary, the everyday"
],
"links": [
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
],
[
"everyday",
"everyday"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つね"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨᵝne̞]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "恒"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Man'yōshū"
],
"word": "常"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese prefixes",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 常",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "tokoshi",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
]
],
"word": "常し"
},
{
"roman": "tokoshie",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
]
],
"word": "常しえ"
},
{
"roman": "tokoaki",
"ruby": [
[
"常秋",
"とこあき"
]
],
"word": "常秋"
},
{
"roman": "toko otome",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"乙",
"おと"
],
[
"女",
"め"
]
],
"word": "常乙女"
},
{
"roman": "toko tsu kuni",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"国",
"くに"
]
],
"word": "常つ国"
},
{
"roman": "tokonatsu",
"ruby": [
[
"常夏",
"とこなつ"
]
],
"word": "常夏"
},
{
"roman": "tokoharu",
"ruby": [
[
"常春",
"とこはる"
]
],
"word": "常春"
},
{
"roman": "tokofuyu",
"ruby": [
[
"常冬",
"とこふゆ"
]
],
"word": "常冬"
},
{
"roman": "tokoyami",
"ruby": [
[
"常闇",
"とこやみ"
]
],
"word": "常闇"
},
{
"roman": "tokoyo",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"世",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "常世"
},
{
"roman": "tokoyo",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
],
[
"夜",
"よ"
]
],
"word": "常夜"
},
{
"roman": "tokiwa",
"word": "常磐"
},
{
"roman": "tokiwa",
"word": "常盤"
},
{
"roman": "tokowa",
"word": "常葉"
},
{
"roman": "tokiwa",
"word": "常葉"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨to₂ko₂⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨to₂ko₂⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "とこ"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "時",
"3": "",
"4": "time",
"tr": "toki"
},
"expansion": "時 (toki, “time”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨to₂ko₂⟩ → */təkə/ → /toko/\nFrom Old Japanese. Possibly cognate with 時 (toki, “time”).\nThe way the term is used in the historical record suggests that this was originally a noun. By the time of written Japanese, however, this term only appears in compounds, never on its own, and its usage is more as an adjective to modify other nouns.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とこ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "toko-",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prefix",
"2": "とこ"
},
"expansion": "常(とこ) • (toko-)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"eternal, forever, unchanging, everlasting"
],
"links": [
[
"eternal",
"eternal"
],
[
"forever",
"forever"
],
[
"unchanging",
"unchanging"
],
[
"everlasting",
"everlasting"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[to̞ko̞]"
}
],
"word": "常"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 常",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "とば"
},
"expansion": "とば",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "常",
"3": "とわ",
"pos1": "see above",
"pos2": "from earlier <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">とば</i> toba",
"t1": "eternal",
"t2": "permanence, unchangingness",
"tr1": "toko",
"tr2": "towa"
},
"expansion": "常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "と",
"pos": "adverbial particle",
"tr": "to"
},
"expansion": "と (to, adverbial particle)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"pos": "formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle",
"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tokotoba/ → /tokotowa/\nFrom Old Japanese. Read as tokotoba until the Heian period.\nAppears to be originally a compound of 常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba).\nThis latter element is of unclear derivation. Some sources indicate that towa as an independent term arose as a contraction of earlier tokotoba, suggesting the possibility that toba was initially a compound of particles と (to, adverbial particle) + は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle). However, other sources describe tokotowa as an intensified or emphatic form of towa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とことわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tokotowa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tokotofa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "常な",
"roman": "tokotowa na",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とことわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adnominal"
]
},
{
"form": "常に",
"roman": "tokotowa ni",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とことわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とことわ",
"hhira": "とことは",
"infl": "na"
},
"expansion": "常(とことわ) • (tokotowa) ^(←とことは (tokotofa)?)-na (adnominal 常(とことわ)な (tokotowa na), adverbial 常(とことわ)に (tokotowa ni))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"permanent, eternal"
],
"links": [
[
"permanent",
"permanent"
],
[
"eternal",
"eternal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, rare) permanent, eternal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "常しえ"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"usual, ordinary"
],
"links": [
[
"usual",
"usual"
],
[
"ordinary",
"ordinary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, rare) usual, ordinary"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "常"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とことわ"
},
{
"other": "とことわ"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ko̞to̞ɰᵝa̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "常とわ"
},
{
"word": "恒とわ"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "永久"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijisen",
"Heian period",
"Shogakukan",
"Tōkyō",
"ja:大辞泉",
"ja:松村明"
],
"word": "常"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 常",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese な-na adjectives"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "とば"
},
"expansion": "とば",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "常",
"3": "とわ",
"pos1": "see above",
"pos2": "from earlier <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">とば</i> toba",
"t1": "eternal",
"t2": "permanence, unchangingness",
"tr1": "toko",
"tr2": "towa"
},
"expansion": "常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "と",
"pos": "adverbial particle",
"tr": "to"
},
"expansion": "と (to, adverbial particle)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "は",
"pos": "formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle",
"tr": "wa"
},
"expansion": "は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tokotoba/ → /tokotowa/\nFrom Old Japanese. Read as tokotoba until the Heian period.\nAppears to be originally a compound of 常 (toko, “eternal”, see above) + とわ (towa, “permanence, unchangingness”, from earlier とば toba).\nThis latter element is of unclear derivation. Some sources indicate that towa as an independent term arose as a contraction of earlier tokotoba, suggesting the possibility that toba was initially a compound of particles と (to, adverbial particle) + は (wa, formerly ba, even earlier pa; topic particle). However, other sources describe tokotowa as an intensified or emphatic form of towa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "常",
"ruby": [
[
"常",
"とことわ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tokotowa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "tokotofa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "とことは",
"roman": "tokotofa",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とことわ",
"hhira": "とことは"
},
"expansion": "常(とことわ) • (tokotowa) ^(←とことは (tokotofa)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"permanence, eternity"
],
"links": [
[
"permanence",
"permanence"
],
[
"eternity",
"eternity"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, rare) permanence, eternity"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "常しえ"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とことわ"
},
{
"other": "とことわ"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ko̞to̞ɰᵝa̠]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "常とわ"
},
{
"word": "恒とわ"
},
{
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"word": "永久"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Heian period"
],
"word": "常"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"とわ"
],
"word": "常"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "常",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adverb",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "counter",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "prefix",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "常",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"常"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "常/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"とわ\"], \"word\": \"常\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "常",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.