See wretch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "wretched"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrecche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrecche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wreċċa",
"t": "exile, outcast"
},
"expansion": "Old English wreċċa (“exile, outcast”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrakjô",
"t": "exile, fugitive, warrior"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrakjô (“exile, fugitive, warrior”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreg-",
"t": "to track, follow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to track, follow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "garçon"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of garçon",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrecche, from Old English wreċċa (“exile, outcast”), from Proto-Germanic *wrakjô (“exile, fugitive, warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to track, follow”). Doublet of garçon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wretches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wretch (plural wretches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742, Henry Fielding, chapter 12, in Joseph Andrews, archived from the original on 2012-04-05:",
"text": "The poor wretch, who lay motionless a long time, just began to recover his senses as a stage-coach came by.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1789, Watkin Tench, chapter 14, in The Expedition to Botany Bay, archived from the original on 2011-03-03:",
"text": "The four unhappy wretches labouring under sentence of banishment were freed from their fetters, to rejoin their former society; and three days given as holidays to every convict in the colony.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Robert Frost, “The Vindictives”, in A Further Range:",
"text": "And his subjects wrung all they could wring / Out of temple and palace and store. / But when there seemed no more to bring, / His captors convicted the king / Of once having started a war, / And strangled the wretch with a string.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person."
],
"id": "en-wretch-en-noun-kpXQsSKZ",
"links": [
[
"unhappy",
"unhappy"
],
[
"unfortunate",
"unfortunate"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kletnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "клетник"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neštastnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нещастник"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěliánchóng",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "可怜虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ubožák"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wrak"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ellendeling"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "mꜣr",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "U2:ir-A-r:T12-nDs:A1"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "bedaŭrindulo"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "ressukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "raasu"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "poloinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malheureux"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malheureuse"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "misérable"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "coitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Loser"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tropf"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "armer Schlucker"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "armer Teufel"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "armes Schwein"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "armseliger Wicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tálas",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάλας"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tálaina",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τάλαινα"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "orang malang"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "orang celaka"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "bedebah"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "raiska"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aimléis"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aimleoir"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anacróir"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnápach"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cráiteachán"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "donán"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "donóg"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "eiseamláir"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fuad"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fuaice"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fualán"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raispín"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rama"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sianaí"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tráill"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "troch"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trua"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "truaill"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truailleachán"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truán"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "truanairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "miserabile"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "iellato"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "omuncolo"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "straccio"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapino"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bednik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бедник"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nesreḱnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несреќник"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kletnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "клетник"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jadnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "јадник"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biedak"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "miserável"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desgraçado"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "nenorocit"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "nefericit"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bednjága",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бедня́га"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bednjážka",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бедня́жка"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desgraciado"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desventurado"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desgraciada"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desventurada"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 10 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stackare"
}
]
},
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"_dis": "34 30 36",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740, Samuel Richardson, chapter 71, in Pamela:",
"text": "Swear to me but, thou bold wretch! said she, swear to me, that Pamela Andrews is really and truly thy lawful wife, without sham, without deceit, without double-meaning; and I know what I have to say!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1823, Walter Scott, chapter 32, in Saint Ronan's Well, archived from the original on 2012-04-15:",
"text": "I asked that selfish wretch, Winterblossom, to walk down with me to view her distress, and the heartless beast told me he was afraid of infection!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Night 532”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…]Alaeddin ate and drank and was cheered and after he had rested and had recovered spirits he cried, \"Ah, O my mother, I have a sore grievance against thee for leaving me to that accursed wight who strave to compass my destruction and designed to take my life. Know that I beheld Death with mine own eyes at the hand of this damned wretch, whom thou didst certify to be my uncle;[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "How I cursed my selfishness and the folly that had kept me lingering by Ayesha's side while my dear boy lay dying! Alas and alas! how easily the best of us are lighted down to evil by the gleam of a woman's eyes! What a wicked wretch was I!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unpleasant, annoying, worthless, or despicable person."
],
"id": "en-wretch-en-noun-rosCVrk7",
"links": [
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "27 67 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàidàn",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"word": "坏蛋"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 67 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ničema"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 67 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "elender Wicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 67 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nikakvec",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "никаквец"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 67 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podlec",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подлец"
},
{
"_dis1": "27 67 6",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "usling"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 28 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 33 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 32 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 34 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 31 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 30 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 21 56 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An exile."
],
"id": "en-wretch-en-noun-1hHWkDNU",
"links": [
[
"exile",
"exile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) An exile."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wretch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/En-us-wretch.ogg/En-us-wretch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/En-us-wretch.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛtʃ"
},
{
"homophone": "retch"
}
],
"word": "wretch"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "misspelling"
},
"expansion": "wretch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "retch"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 28 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 23 26 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 24 26 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of retch."
],
"id": "en-wretch-en-verb-M7o0r0sa",
"links": [
[
"retch",
"retch#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"word": "wretch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English misspellings",
"English non-lemma forms",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɛtʃ",
"Rhymes:English/ɛtʃ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "wretched"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "wrecche"
},
"expansion": "Middle English wrecche",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wreċċa",
"t": "exile, outcast"
},
"expansion": "Old English wreċċa (“exile, outcast”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wrakjô",
"t": "exile, fugitive, warrior"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wrakjô (“exile, fugitive, warrior”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wreg-",
"t": "to track, follow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to track, follow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "garçon"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of garçon",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English wrecche, from Old English wreċċa (“exile, outcast”), from Proto-Germanic *wrakjô (“exile, fugitive, warrior”), from Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to track, follow”). Doublet of garçon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wretches",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "wretch (plural wretches)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1742, Henry Fielding, chapter 12, in Joseph Andrews, archived from the original on 2012-04-05:",
"text": "The poor wretch, who lay motionless a long time, just began to recover his senses as a stage-coach came by.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1789, Watkin Tench, chapter 14, in The Expedition to Botany Bay, archived from the original on 2011-03-03:",
"text": "The four unhappy wretches labouring under sentence of banishment were freed from their fetters, to rejoin their former society; and three days given as holidays to every convict in the colony.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1936, Robert Frost, “The Vindictives”, in A Further Range:",
"text": "And his subjects wrung all they could wring / Out of temple and palace and store. / But when there seemed no more to bring, / His captors convicted the king / Of once having started a war, / And strangled the wretch with a string.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person."
],
"links": [
[
"unhappy",
"unhappy"
],
[
"unfortunate",
"unfortunate"
],
[
"miserable",
"miserable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1740, Samuel Richardson, chapter 71, in Pamela:",
"text": "Swear to me but, thou bold wretch! said she, swear to me, that Pamela Andrews is really and truly thy lawful wife, without sham, without deceit, without double-meaning; and I know what I have to say!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1823, Walter Scott, chapter 32, in Saint Ronan's Well, archived from the original on 2012-04-15:",
"text": "I asked that selfish wretch, Winterblossom, to walk down with me to view her distress, and the heartless beast told me he was afraid of infection!",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1885–1888, Richard F[rancis] Burton, transl. and editor, “Night 532”, in Supplemental Nights to the Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night […], Shammar edition, volume (please specify the volume), [London]: […] Burton Club […], →OCLC:",
"text": "[…]Alaeddin ate and drank and was cheered and after he had rested and had recovered spirits he cried, \"Ah, O my mother, I have a sore grievance against thee for leaving me to that accursed wight who strave to compass my destruction and designed to take my life. Know that I beheld Death with mine own eyes at the hand of this damned wretch, whom thou didst certify to be my uncle;[…]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1886 October – 1887 January, H[enry] Rider Haggard, She: A History of Adventure, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., published 1887, →OCLC:",
"text": "How I cursed my selfishness and the folly that had kept me lingering by Ayesha's side while my dear boy lay dying! Alas and alas! how easily the best of us are lighted down to evil by the gleam of a woman's eyes! What a wicked wretch was I!",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An unpleasant, annoying, worthless, or despicable person."
],
"links": [
[
"unpleasant",
"unpleasant"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
],
[
"despicable",
"despicable"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An exile."
],
"links": [
[
"exile",
"exile"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) An exile."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɹɛt͡ʃ/"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-wretch.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a7/En-us-wretch.ogg/En-us-wretch.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/En-us-wretch.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛtʃ"
},
{
"homophone": "retch"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kletnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "клетник"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neštastnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "нещастник"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "kěliánchóng",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "可怜虫"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ubožák"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "wrak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ellendeling"
},
{
"code": "egy",
"lang": "Egyptian",
"roman": "mꜣr",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "U2:ir-A-r:T12-nDs:A1"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "bedaŭrindulo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "ressukka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "raasu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "poloinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "malheureux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "malheureuse"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "misérable"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "coitado"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Loser"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Tropf"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "armer Schlucker"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "armer Teufel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "armes Schwein"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "armseliger Wicht"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tálas",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "τάλας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "tálaina",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "τάλαινα"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "orang malang"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "orang celaka"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "bedebah"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "raiska"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aimléis"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aimleoir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "anacróir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cnápach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cráiteachán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "donán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "donóg"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "eiseamláir"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fuad"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fuaice"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fualán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "raispín"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rama"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sianaí"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tráill"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "troch"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trua"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "truaill"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truailleachán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "truán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "truanairt"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "miserabile"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "iellato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "omuncolo"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "straccio"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tapino"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "bednik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бедник"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nesreḱnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "несреќник"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kletnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "клетник"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "jadnik",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "јадник"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "biedak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "miserável"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desgraçado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "coitado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "nenorocit"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"word": "nefericit"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bednjága",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бедня́га"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bednjážka",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "бедня́жка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desgraciado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "desventurado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desgraciada"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "desventurada"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "stackare"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "huàidàn",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"word": "坏蛋"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ničema"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "elender Wicht"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nikakvec",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "никаквец"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "podlec",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "подлец"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "unpleasant, annoying person",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "usling"
}
],
"word": "wretch"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English misspellings",
"English non-lemma forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "misspelling"
},
"expansion": "wretch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "retch"
}
],
"categories": [
"English misspellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Misspelling of retch."
],
"links": [
[
"retch",
"retch#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"misspelling"
]
}
],
"word": "wretch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wretch meaning in English (16.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.