"vindictive" meaning in English

See vindictive in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/ [UK, US] Audio: en-au-vindictive.ogg Forms: more vindictive [comparative], most vindictive [superlative]
Rhymes: -ɪktɪv Etymology: From Latin vindicta (“vengeance”) + -ive. Etymology templates: {{der|en|la|vindicta||vengeance}} Latin vindicta (“vengeance”), {{af|en|-ive}} -ive Head templates: {{en-adj}} vindictive (comparative more vindictive, superlative most vindictive)
  1. Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful. Categories (topical): Personality Synonyms: vengeful, revengeful, nasty, vengeful Translations (having a tendency to seek revenge): վրեժխնդիր (vrežxndir) (Armenian), ոխակալ (oxakal) (Armenian), քինոտ (kʻinot) (Armenian), мсці́вы (mscívy) (Belarusian), по́мслівы (pómslivy) (Belarusian), отмъсти́телен (otmǎstítelen) (Bulgarian), خوێنەخوێ (xwênexwê) (Central Kurdish), mstivý (Czech), pomstychtivý (Czech), hævngerrig (Danish), rancuneus (Dutch), wraakzuchtig (Dutch), kostonhaluinen (Finnish), kostonhimoinen (Finnish), vindicatif (French), rancuneux (French), შურისმაძიებელი (šurismaʒiebeli) (Georgian), შურისმგებელი (šurismgebeli) (Georgian), rachsüchtig (German), bosszúszomjas (Hungarian), hefnigjarn (Icelandic), heiftrækinn (Icelandic), venjema (Ido), venjavida (Ido), aifearach (Irish), agrach (Irish), vendicativo (Italian), одмазднички (odmazdnički) (Macedonian), осветлив (osvetliv) (Macedonian), whakamau (Maori), kaikiko (Maori), turatura (Maori), whakakaitoa (Maori), hevngjerrig (Norwegian Bokmål), racheewent (Plautdietsch), mściwy (Polish), złośliwy (Polish), vingativo (Portuguese), vingador (Portuguese), vindicativ (Romanian), răzbunător (Romanian), dușmănos (Romanian), ranchiunos (Romanian), мсти́тельный (mstítelʹnyj) (Russian), dìoghaltach (Scottish Gaelic), осветољу̀бив [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), osvetoljùbiv [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), pomstivý (Slovak), pomstychtivý (Slovak), maščevalen (Slovene), vindicativo (Spanish), vengativo (Spanish), hämndlysten (Swedish), мсти́вий (mstývyj) (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-vindictive-en-adj-1MHDslsj Disambiguation of Personality: 79 21 Disambiguation of 'having a tendency to seek revenge': 94 6
  2. (obsolete) Punitive. Tags: obsolete Synonyms: punishing, punitory
    Sense id: en-vindictive-en-adj-hvoU53Hz Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ive, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Belarusian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Central Kurdish translations, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with Danish translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Icelandic translations, Terms with Ido translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations, Terms with Plautdietsch translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Slovene translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Swedish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 28 72 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ive: 24 76 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 13 87 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 36 64 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Belarusian translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Central Kurdish translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Danish translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 24 76 Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 26 74 Disambiguation of Terms with Icelandic translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Ido translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 22 78 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 14 86 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Plautdietsch translations: 8 92 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 21 79 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 18 82 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 12 88 Disambiguation of Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 19 81 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovene translations: 20 80 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 13 87 Disambiguation of Terms with Swedish translations: 17 83 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 18 82
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: vindictive protectiveness, vindictively, vindictiveness Related terms: vindicate, vindication, vindicator
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vindictive protectiveness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vindictively"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vindictiveness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vindicta",
        "4": "",
        "5": "vengeance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vindicta (“vengeance”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "-ive",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vindicta (“vengeance”) + -ive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more vindictive",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most vindictive",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vindictive (comparative more vindictive, superlative most vindictive)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vindicate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vindication"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vindicator"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "79 21",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Personality",
          "orig": "en:Personality",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXXIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 326:",
          "text": "Lord Avonleigh was an angry rather than a vindictive man. Vindictiveness requires more energy of character than he possessed. Indeed, it may be questioned whether he would of himself have taken the violent measures of the preceding evening.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1920 November 9, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter XVIII, in Women in Love, New York, N.Y.: Privately printed [by Thomas Seltzer] for subscribers only, →OCLC:",
          "text": "The vindictive mockery in her voice made his brain quiver.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1933 September, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Introduction: The Dream Book of Dr. Philip Raven”, in The Shape of Things to Come, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 5:",
          "text": "The victors will exact vindictive penalties and the losers of course will undertake to pay, but none of them realizes that money is going to do the most extraordinary things to them when they begin upon that.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful."
      ],
      "id": "en-vindictive-en-adj-1MHDslsj",
      "links": [
        [
          "tendency",
          "tendency"
        ],
        [
          "seek",
          "seek"
        ],
        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "wronged",
          "wrong#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "vengeful",
          "vengeful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "vengeful"
        },
        {
          "word": "revengeful"
        },
        {
          "word": "nasty"
        },
        {
          "word": "vengeful"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "vrežxndir",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "վրեժխնդիր"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "oxakal",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "ոխակալ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "kʻinot",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "քինոտ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "mscívy",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "мсці́вы"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "pómslivy",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "по́мслівы"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "otmǎstítelen",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "отмъсти́телен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "mstivý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "pomstychtivý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "hævngerrig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "rancuneus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "wraakzuchtig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "kostonhaluinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "kostonhimoinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vindicatif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "rancuneux"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "šurismaʒiebeli",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "შურისმაძიებელი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "šurismgebeli",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "შურისმგებელი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "rachsüchtig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "bosszúszomjas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "hefnigjarn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "heiftrækinn"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "venjema"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "venjavida"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "aifearach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "agrach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vendicativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ckb",
          "lang": "Central Kurdish",
          "roman": "xwênexwê",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "خوێنەخوێ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "odmazdnički",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "одмазднички"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "osvetliv",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "осветлив"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "whakamau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "kaikiko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "turatura"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "whakakaitoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "hevngjerrig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pdt",
          "lang": "Plautdietsch",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "racheewent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "mściwy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "złośliwy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vingativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vingador"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vindicativ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "răzbunător"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "dușmănos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "ranchiunos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "mstítelʹnyj",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "мсти́тельный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "dìoghaltach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "осветољу̀бив"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "osvetoljùbiv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "pomstivý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "pomstychtivý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "maščevalen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vindicativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "vengativo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "hämndlysten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "94 6",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "mstývyj",
          "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
          "word": "мсти́вий"
        }
      ]
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          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Maori translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 92",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "21 79",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Polish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "12 88",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Russian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovak translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "20 80",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Slovene translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Punitive."
      ],
      "id": "en-vindictive-en-adj-hvoU53Hz",
      "links": [
        [
          "Punitive",
          "punitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Punitive."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "punishing"
        },
        {
          "word": "punitory"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-vindictive.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-au-vindictive.ogg/En-au-vindictive.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-au-vindictive.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪktɪv"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vindictive"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms suffixed with -ive",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪktɪv",
    "Rhymes:English/ɪktɪv/3 syllables",
    "Terms with Armenian translations",
    "Terms with Belarusian translations",
    "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
    "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Danish translations",
    "Terms with Dutch translations",
    "Terms with Finnish translations",
    "Terms with French translations",
    "Terms with Georgian translations",
    "Terms with German translations",
    "Terms with Hungarian translations",
    "Terms with Icelandic translations",
    "Terms with Ido translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Italian translations",
    "Terms with Macedonian translations",
    "Terms with Maori translations",
    "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
    "Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Slovene translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Swedish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
    "en:Personality"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "vindictive protectiveness"
    },
    {
      "word": "vindictively"
    },
    {
      "word": "vindictiveness"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "vindicta",
        "4": "",
        "5": "vengeance"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin vindicta (“vengeance”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "-ive"
      },
      "expansion": "-ive",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin vindicta (“vengeance”) + -ive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more vindictive",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most vindictive",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "vindictive (comparative more vindictive, superlative most vindictive)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "vindicate"
    },
    {
      "word": "vindication"
    },
    {
      "word": "vindicator"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1834, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], chapter XXXIX, in Francesca Carrara. […], volume III, London: Richard Bentley, […], (successor to Henry Colburn), →OCLC, page 326:",
          "text": "Lord Avonleigh was an angry rather than a vindictive man. Vindictiveness requires more energy of character than he possessed. Indeed, it may be questioned whether he would of himself have taken the violent measures of the preceding evening.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1920 November 9, D[avid] H[erbert] Lawrence, chapter XVIII, in Women in Love, New York, N.Y.: Privately printed [by Thomas Seltzer] for subscribers only, →OCLC:",
          "text": "The vindictive mockery in her voice made his brain quiver.",
          "type": "quote"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1933 September, H[erbert] G[eorge] Wells, “Introduction: The Dream Book of Dr. Philip Raven”, in The Shape of Things to Come, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, →OCLC, page 5:",
          "text": "The victors will exact vindictive penalties and the losers of course will undertake to pay, but none of them realizes that money is going to do the most extraordinary things to them when they begin upon that.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tendency",
          "tendency"
        ],
        [
          "seek",
          "seek"
        ],
        [
          "revenge",
          "revenge"
        ],
        [
          "wronged",
          "wrong#Verb"
        ],
        [
          "vengeful",
          "vengeful"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "vengeful"
        },
        {
          "word": "revengeful"
        },
        {
          "word": "nasty"
        },
        {
          "word": "vengeful"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Punitive."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Punitive",
          "punitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Punitive."
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "punishing"
        },
        {
          "word": "punitory"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/",
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-vindictive.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-au-vindictive.ogg/En-au-vindictive.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/En-au-vindictive.ogg"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɪktɪv"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "vrežxndir",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "վրեժխնդիր"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "oxakal",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "ոխակալ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "kʻinot",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "քինոտ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "mscívy",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "мсці́вы"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "pómslivy",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "по́мслівы"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "otmǎstítelen",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "отмъсти́телен"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "mstivý"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "pomstychtivý"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "hævngerrig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "rancuneus"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "wraakzuchtig"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "kostonhaluinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "kostonhimoinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vindicatif"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "rancuneux"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "šurismaʒiebeli",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "შურისმაძიებელი"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "šurismgebeli",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "შურისმგებელი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "rachsüchtig"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "bosszúszomjas"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "hefnigjarn"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "heiftrækinn"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "venjema"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "venjavida"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "aifearach"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "agrach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vendicativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ckb",
      "lang": "Central Kurdish",
      "roman": "xwênexwê",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "خوێنەخوێ"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "odmazdnički",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "одмазднички"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "osvetliv",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "осветлив"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "whakamau"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "kaikiko"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "turatura"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "whakakaitoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "hevngjerrig"
    },
    {
      "code": "pdt",
      "lang": "Plautdietsch",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "racheewent"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "mściwy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "złośliwy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vingativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vingador"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vindicativ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "răzbunător"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "dușmănos"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "ranchiunos"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "mstítelʹnyj",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "мсти́тельный"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "dìoghaltach"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "осветољу̀бив"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "osvetoljùbiv"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "pomstivý"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "pomstychtivý"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "maščevalen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vindicativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "vengativo"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "hämndlysten"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "mstývyj",
      "sense": "having a tendency to seek revenge",
      "word": "мсти́вий"
    }
  ],
  "word": "vindictive"
}

Download raw JSONL data for vindictive meaning in English (10.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.