See turbulent in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gravitoturbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gravoturbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "macroturbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "microturbulent"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nonturbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turbulently"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Middle French turbulent",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "turbulentus"
},
"expansion": "Latin turbulentus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English turbulent, from Middle French turbulent, from Latin turbulentus, from turba (“disorder, tumult, crowd”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more turbulent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most turbulent",
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"pos": "adj",
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{
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turbid"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turbine"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "turbulence"
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
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{
"text": "It is dangerous to sail in turbulent seas.",
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],
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"violently disturbed or agitated; tempestuous, tumultuous"
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"id": "en-turbulent-en-adj-pnMZyqmN",
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[
"agitated",
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{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xṙovahuyz",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "խռովահույզ"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buren",
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"word": "бурен"
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{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razvǎlnuvan",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "развълнуван"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulenttinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "myrskyisä"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
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"word": "mouvementé"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "burnoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of the sea",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "tuarangaranga"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "motalâtem",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "متلاطم"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atribulado"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búrnyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "бу́рный"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "tempestuoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "accidentado"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "burxlývyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "бурхли́вий"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nespokíjnyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "неспокі́йний"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "turbuléntnyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "турбуле́нтний"
}
]
},
{
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{
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{
"_dis": "18 82",
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{
"_dis": "11 89",
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{
"_dis": "11 89",
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{
"_dis": "11 89",
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{
"_dis": "27 73",
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{
"_dis": "29 71",
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{
"_dis": "9 91",
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{
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{
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"_dis": "25 75",
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{
"_dis": "12 88",
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{
"_dis": "27 73",
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"_dis": "27 73",
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{
"text": "The mid-19th century was a turbulent time in American history.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:",
"text": "The [Washington] Post's proprietor through those turbulent [Watergate] days, Katharine Graham, held a double place in Washington’s hierarchy: at once regal Georgetown hostess and scrappy newshound, ready to hold the establishment to account. That is a very American position.",
"type": "quote"
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-turbulent-en-adj-LcJ9nVNc",
"links": [
[
"disturbance",
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[
"unrest",
"unrest"
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buen",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "буен"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neobuzdan",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "необуздан"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulentti"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "myllertävä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "melskeinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulentus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atribulado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "tempestuoso"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "accidentado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "burxlývyj",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "бурхли́вий"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɜːbjələnt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɝbjələnt/",
"tags": [
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]
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],
"word": "turbulent"
}
{
"categories": [
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"derived": [
{
"word": "gravitoturbulent"
},
{
"word": "gravoturbulent"
},
{
"word": "macroturbulent"
},
{
"word": "microturbulent"
},
{
"word": "nonturbulent"
},
{
"word": "turbulent flow"
},
{
"word": "turbulently"
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{
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"1": "en",
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"3": "turbulentus"
},
"expansion": "Latin turbulentus",
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "more turbulent",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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}
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"word": "disturb"
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{
"word": "perturb"
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{
"word": "trouble"
},
{
"word": "turbid"
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{
"word": "turbine"
},
{
"word": "turbulence"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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],
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],
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],
"links": [
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],
[
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"agitated"
],
[
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[
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},
{
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"text": "The mid-19th century was a turbulent time in American history.",
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},
{
"ref": "2013 August 10, Lexington, “Keeping the mighty honest”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:",
"text": "The [Washington] Post's proprietor through those turbulent [Watergate] days, Katharine Graham, held a double place in Washington’s hierarchy: at once regal Georgetown hostess and scrappy newshound, ready to hold the establishment to account. That is a very American position.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"disturbance",
"disturbance"
],
[
"unrest",
"unrest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɜːbjələnt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtɝbjələnt/",
"tags": [
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]
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"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "xṙovahuyz",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "խռովահույզ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buren",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "бурен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "razvǎlnuvan",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "развълнуван"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulenttinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "myrskyisä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mouvementé"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "burnoi"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulentus"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "of the sea",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "tuarangaranga"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "motalâtem",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "متلاطم"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "atribulado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
],
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "búrnyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "бу́рный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "tempestuoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "accidentado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "burxlývyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "бурхли́вий"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "nespokíjnyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "неспокі́йний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "turbuléntnyj",
"sense": "violently disturbed or agitated",
"word": "турбуле́нтний"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "buen",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "буен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "neobuzdan",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "необуздан"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulentti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "myllertävä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "melskeinen"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulentus"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atribulado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "tempestuoso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "agitado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "accidentado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulento"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "turbulent"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "burxlývyj",
"sense": "being in disturbance or unrest",
"word": "бурхли́вий"
}
],
"word": "turbulent"
}
Download raw JSONL data for turbulent meaning in English (9.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.