See sustain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sustain meaning in English (18.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-sustaining"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustainable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustainedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustaining"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustaining program"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "susteinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English susteinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sustenen"
},
"expansion": "sustenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sustenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French sustenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "soutenir"
},
"expansion": "French soutenir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sustineō",
"4": "sustineō, sustinēre",
"t": "to uphold"
},
"expansion": "Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"t": "from below, up"
},
"expansion": "sub- (“from below, up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "teneō",
"pos": "verb",
"t": "hold"
},
"expansion": "teneō (“hold”, verb)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sustaining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sustained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sustained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sustain (third-person singular simple present sustains, present participle sustaining, simple past and past participle sustained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sus‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 46 2 2 3 3 5 4 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The professor had trouble sustaining students’ interest until the end of her lectures.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The city came under sustained attack by enemy forces.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sam managed to sustain his erection for two straight hours.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-~NwJ3IrM",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔabqā",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "أَبْقَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potvǎrždavam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "потвърждавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wéichí",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "维持"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "udržovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vedholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "in stand houden"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "alal hoidma"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "soster"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "beibehalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "fenntart"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "iompair"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ódrži",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "о́држи"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záčuva",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "за́чува"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ukauka"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "opprettholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "suster"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vidhålla"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sürdürmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "muhafaza etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ravêrnen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "provisions to sustain an army",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part 2, page 59",
"text": "We rode five farsakhs today, sustained by a single bowl of curds and tortured by the wooden saddles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide for or nourish."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-VmP408Zj",
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide for or nourish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāla",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "عَالَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yaʕūlu",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
],
"word": "يَعُولُ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎržam",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "издържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "供养"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "forsørge"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "underholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "onderhouden"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "huoltaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ruokkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ravita"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "subvenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "versorgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "cothaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízdrži",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "и́здржи"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "utrzymywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obespéčivatʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обеспе́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-oHUWAyxz",
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"sanction",
"sanction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: incur"
},
{
"text": "The building sustained major damage in the earthquake.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-en:experience_or_suffer",
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:experience or suffer"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 75 1 9 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "zuziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 75 1 9 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "zugefügt werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 75 1 9 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "erleiden"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1876, Henry Martyn Robert, Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies, Chicago: Griggs, published 1885, Section 61 (e), page 167",
"text": "After the vote is taken, the Chairman states that the decision of the Chair is sustained, or reversed, as the case may be.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-YdAu1ju6",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
],
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 78 1 17 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 78 1 17 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overrule"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-yTnk5IHj",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, of a judge) To allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a judge"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 7 2 81 3 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "stattgeben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 2 2 7 2 81 3 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "helyt ad"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A foundation sustains the superstructure; an animal sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-G97u1X75",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 13 1 79 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 13 1 79 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "tragen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 13 1 79 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 13 1 79 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "halten"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-IMijoUNU",
"links": [
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"comfort",
"comfort"
],
[
"relieve",
"relieve"
],
[
"vindicate",
"vindicate"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 1 1 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "Kraft geben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 1 1 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "unterstützen"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈsteɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sustain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "sustain"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "susteinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English susteinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sustenen"
},
"expansion": "sustenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sustenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French sustenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "soutenir"
},
"expansion": "French soutenir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sustineō",
"4": "sustineō, sustinēre",
"t": "to uphold"
},
"expansion": "Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"t": "from below, up"
},
"expansion": "sub- (“from below, up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "teneō",
"pos": "verb",
"t": "hold"
},
"expansion": "teneō (“hold”, verb)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sustain (plural sustains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sus‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Music",
"orig": "en:Music",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Sound",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"Society",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets, page 265",
"text": "To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-noun-O8CGHz1n",
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"pedal",
"pedal"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈsteɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sustain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sustain"
],
"word": "sustain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "self-sustaining"
},
{
"word": "sustainable"
},
{
"word": "sustainedly"
},
{
"word": "sustaining"
},
{
"word": "sustaining program"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "susteinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English susteinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sustenen"
},
"expansion": "sustenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sustenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French sustenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "soutenir"
},
"expansion": "French soutenir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sustineō",
"4": "sustineō, sustinēre",
"t": "to uphold"
},
"expansion": "Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"t": "from below, up"
},
"expansion": "sub- (“from below, up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "teneō",
"pos": "verb",
"t": "hold"
},
"expansion": "teneō (“hold”, verb)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sustaining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sustained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sustained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sustain (third-person singular simple present sustains, present participle sustaining, simple past and past participle sustained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sus‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The professor had trouble sustaining students’ interest until the end of her lectures.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The city came under sustained attack by enemy forces.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sam managed to sustain his erection for two straight hours.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "provisions to sustain an army",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part 2, page 59",
"text": "We rode five farsakhs today, sustained by a single bowl of curds and tortured by the wooden saddles.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide for or nourish."
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide for or nourish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"sanction",
"sanction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: incur"
},
{
"text": "The building sustained major damage in the earthquake.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:experience or suffer"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1876, Henry Martyn Robert, Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies, Chicago: Griggs, published 1885, Section 61 (e), page 167",
"text": "After the vote is taken, the Chairman states that the decision of the Chair is sustained, or reversed, as the case may be.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"prove",
"prove"
],
[
"corroborate",
"corroborate"
],
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "overrule"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"To allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, of a judge) To allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a judge"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A foundation sustains the superstructure; an animal sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support."
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate."
],
"links": [
[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"comfort",
"comfort"
],
[
"relieve",
"relieve"
],
[
"vindicate",
"vindicate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈsteɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sustain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔabqā",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "أَبْقَى"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potvǎrždavam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "потвърждавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostenir"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wéichí",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "维持"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "udržovat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vedholde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "in stand houden"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "alal hoidma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "soster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "beibehalten"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "fenntart"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "iompair"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ódrži",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "о́држи"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záčuva",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "за́чува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ukauka"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "opprettholde"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "suster"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vidhålla"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sürdürmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "muhafaza etmek"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ravêrnen"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāla",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "عَالَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yaʕūlu",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
],
"word": "يَعُولُ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎržam",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "издържам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "供养"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "forsørge"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "underholde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "onderhouden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "huoltaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ruokkia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ravita"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "subvenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "versorgen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "cothaigh"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízdrži",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "и́здржи"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "utrzymywać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obespéčivatʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обеспе́чивать"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "zuziehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "zugefügt werden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "erleiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "stattgeben"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "helyt ad"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "tragen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "halten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "Kraft geben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "unterstützen"
}
],
"word": "sustain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "susteinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English susteinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sustenen"
},
"expansion": "sustenen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sustenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French sustenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "soutenir"
},
"expansion": "French soutenir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sustineō",
"4": "sustineō, sustinēre",
"t": "to uphold"
},
"expansion": "Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "sub-",
"t": "from below, up"
},
"expansion": "sub- (“from below, up”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "teneō",
"pos": "verb",
"t": "hold"
},
"expansion": "teneō (“hold”, verb)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sustain (plural sustains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sus‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets, page 265",
"text": "To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"pedal",
"pedal"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈsteɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sustain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sustain"
],
"word": "sustain"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.