See sustain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "self-sustaining"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustainable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustainedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustaining"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sustaining program"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "susteinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English susteinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sustenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French sustenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "soutenir"
},
"expansion": "French soutenir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sustineō",
"4": "sustineō, sustinēre",
"t": "to uphold"
},
"expansion": "Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "sustaining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "sustained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "sustained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sustain (third-person singular simple present sustains, present participle sustaining, simple past and past participle sustained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sus‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 63 2 2 4 4 12 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 44 7 7 7 7 8 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 53 3 3 6 5 11 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 69 4 4 4 4 5 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 16 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 39 5 9 5 6 13 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 13 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 37 5 8 9 6 14 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 55 4 7 4 4 11 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 36 8 8 7 7 10 9 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 14 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 13 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 34 7 8 7 11 11 9 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 13 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 44 6 7 6 6 11 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 37 5 8 6 7 15 8 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 14 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 40 5 9 5 7 15 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 37 5 8 11 5 9 9 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 41 5 9 5 5 13 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 39 6 10 5 6 13 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 33 6 9 10 6 12 8 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 39 5 8 5 5 19 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 45 6 7 6 6 10 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 43 6 10 5 6 10 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 46 6 6 6 9 9 7 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 43 5 9 5 5 13 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 43 5 9 5 5 13 6 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 45 6 7 6 6 10 8 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Zazaki translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The professor had trouble sustaining students’ interest until the end of her lectures.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The city came under sustained attack by enemy forces.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sam managed to sustain his erection for two straight hours.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1949 June 8, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 9, in Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; republished [Australia]: Project Gutenberg of Australia, August 2001:",
"text": "All the beliefs, habits, tastes, emotions, mental attitudes that characterize our time are really designed to sustain the mystique of the Party and prevent the true nature of present-day society from being perceived.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-~NwJ3IrM",
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔabqā",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "أَبْقَى"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potvǎrždavam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "потвърждавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wéichí",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "维持"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "udržovat"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vedholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "in stand houden"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "alal hoidma"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "soster"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "beibehalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "fenntart"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "iompair"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ódrži",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "о́држи"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záčuva",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "за́чува"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ukauka"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "opprettholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "suster"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vidhålla"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sürdürmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "muhafaza etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "61 6 3 3 7 3 11 7",
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ravêrnen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "provisions to sustain an army",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Nehemiah 9:21:",
"text": "Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part 2, page 59:",
"text": "We rode five farsakhs today, sustained by a single bowl of curds and tortured by the wooden saddles.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide for or nourish."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-VmP408Zj",
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide for or nourish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāla",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "عَالَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yaʕūlu",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
],
"word": "يَعُولُ"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎržam",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "издържам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "供养"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "forsørge"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "underholde"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "onderhouden"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "huoltaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ruokkia"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ravita"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "subvenir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "versorgen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "cothaigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízdrži",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "и́здржи"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "utrzymywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obespéčivatʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обеспе́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 76 4 2 2 4 4 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-oHUWAyxz",
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"sanction",
"sanction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:RQ:Dryden Aeneis",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: incur"
},
{
"text": "The building sustained major damage in the earthquake.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:",
"text": "[…] if you omit\nThe offer of this time, I cannot promise\nBut that you shall sustain moe new disgraces,\nWith these you bear already.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 592-593:",
"text": "Shall Turnus then such endless Toil sustain,\nIn fighting Fields, and conquer Towns in vain:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-en:experience_or_suffer",
"links": [
[
"experience",
"experience"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"injury",
"injury"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
"senseid": [
"en:experience or suffer"
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 75 1 9 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "zuziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 75 1 9 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "zugefügt werden"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 1 1 75 1 9 8 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "erleiden"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1876, Henry Martyn Robert, Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies, Chicago: Griggs, published 1885, Section 61 (e), page 167:",
"text": "After the vote is taken, the Chairman states that the decision of the Chair is sustained, or reversed, as the case may be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-YdAu1ju6",
"links": [
[
"confirm",
"confirm"
],
[
"prove",
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[
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[
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"uphold"
]
],
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"(transitive) To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
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"transitive"
],
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{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 78 1 17 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 78 1 17 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
}
]
},
{
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{
"word": "overrule"
}
],
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{
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
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"To allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-yTnk5IHj",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
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"(law, of a judge) To allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a judge"
],
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"law"
],
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{
"_dis1": "3 2 2 6 1 81 3 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "stattgeben"
},
{
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"code": "hu",
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}
]
},
{
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{
"text": "A foundation sustains the superstructure; an animal sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support."
],
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[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"uphold",
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],
[
"support",
"support"
]
],
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{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 12 1 80 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"word": "stützen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 12 1 80 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
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},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 12 1 80 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 2 12 1 80 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"word": "halten"
}
]
},
{
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{
"ref": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:",
"text": "When I desir’d their leave that I might pity him, they took from me the use of mine own house, charg’d me on pain of perpetual displeasure neither to speak of him, entreat for him, nor any way sustain him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 1122-1123:",
"text": "His Sons, who seek the Tyrant to sustain,\nAnd long for Arbitrary Lords again,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-verb-IMijoUNU",
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[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"comfort",
"comfort"
],
[
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"relieve"
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[
"vindicate",
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]
],
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{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 1 1 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "Kraft geben"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 1 1 1 1 1 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "unterstützen"
}
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/səˈsteɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sustain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
}
],
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}
{
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"name": "root"
},
{
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"name": "inh"
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{
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},
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{
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"1": "fr",
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"1": "en",
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"t": "to uphold"
},
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"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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{
"ref": "2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets, page 265:",
"text": "To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"id": "en-sustain-en-noun-O8CGHz1n",
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[
"music",
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"hold"
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[
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[
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],
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"music"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
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"sustain"
],
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}
{
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"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables",
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"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "self-sustaining"
},
{
"word": "sustainable"
},
{
"word": "sustainedly"
},
{
"word": "sustaining"
},
{
"word": "sustaining program"
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},
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"name": "der"
}
],
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"English transitive verbs"
],
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{
"text": "The professor had trouble sustaining students’ interest until the end of her lectures.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "The city came under sustained attack by enemy forces.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Sam managed to sustain his erection for two straight hours.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1949 June 8, George Orwell [pseudonym; Eric Arthur Blair], chapter 9, in Nineteen Eighty-Four: A Novel, London: Secker & Warburg, →OCLC; republished [Australia]: Project Gutenberg of Australia, August 2001:",
"text": "All the beliefs, habits, tastes, emotions, mental attitudes that characterize our time are really designed to sustain the mystique of the Party and prevent the true nature of present-day society from being perceived.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"links": [
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"existence",
"existence"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To maintain, or keep in existence."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "provisions to sustain an army",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Nehemiah 9:21:",
"text": "Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part 2, page 59:",
"text": "We rode five farsakhs today, sustained by a single bowl of curds and tortured by the wooden saddles.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To provide for or nourish."
],
"links": [
[
"provide",
"provide"
],
[
"nourish",
"nourish"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To provide for or nourish."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"links": [
[
"encourage",
"encourage"
],
[
"sanction",
"sanction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To encourage or sanction (something)."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
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"Pages using invalid parameters when calling Template:RQ:Dryden Aeneis"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: incur"
},
{
"text": "The building sustained major damage in the earthquake.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1613 (date written), William Shakespeare, [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:",
"text": "[…] if you omit\nThe offer of this time, I cannot promise\nBut that you shall sustain moe new disgraces,\nWith these you bear already.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Seventh Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 592-593:",
"text": "Shall Turnus then such endless Toil sustain,\nIn fighting Fields, and conquer Towns in vain:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
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],
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"experience"
],
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"suffer"
],
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"injury",
"injury"
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],
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"(transitive) To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.)."
],
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],
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]
},
{
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],
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{
"text": "to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1876, Henry Martyn Robert, Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies, Chicago: Griggs, published 1885, Section 61 (e), page 167:",
"text": "After the vote is taken, the Chairman states that the decision of the Chair is sustained, or reversed, as the case may be.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
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"(transitive) To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold."
],
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]
},
{
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}
],
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],
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],
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],
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],
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],
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
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{
"text": "A foundation sustains the superstructure; an animal sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight.",
"type": "example"
}
],
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],
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{
"ref": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene iii]:",
"text": "When I desir’d their leave that I might pity him, they took from me the use of mine own house, charg’d me on pain of perpetual displeasure neither to speak of him, entreat for him, nor any way sustain him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 1122-1123:",
"text": "His Sons, who seek the Tyrant to sustain,\nAnd long for Arbitrary Lords again,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate."
],
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[
"aid",
"aid"
],
[
"comfort",
"comfort"
],
[
"relieve",
"relieve"
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]
]
}
],
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{
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"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
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},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
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],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔabqā",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "أَبْقَى"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "poddǎržam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "поддържам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "potvǎrždavam",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "потвърждавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostenir"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wéichí",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "维持"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "udržovat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vedholde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "in stand houden"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "alal hoidma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "maintenir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "soster"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "beibehalten"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "fenntart"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "iompair"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ódrži",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "о́држи"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záčuva",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "за́чува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ukauka"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "opprettholde"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "suster"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddérživatʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "подде́рживать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "vidhålla"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "sürdürmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "muhafaza etmek"
},
{
"code": "zza",
"lang": "Zazaki",
"sense": "to maintain something",
"word": "ravêrnen"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʕāla",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "عَالَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "yaʕūlu",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfect"
],
"word": "يَعُولُ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "izdǎržam",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "издържам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "供养"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "forsørge"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "underholde"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "onderhouden"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "huoltaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ruokkia"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ravita"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "pitää yllä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "ylläpitää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "subvenir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "versorgen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "unterhalten"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "cothaigh"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ízdrži",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "и́здржи"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "podtrzymać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "utrzymywać"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "soderžátʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "содержа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obespéčivatʹ",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обеспе́чивать"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "yacchati",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "यच्छति"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sostener"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to provide for or nourish something",
"word": "sustentar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"tags": [
"reflexive"
],
"word": "zuziehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "zugefügt werden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to experience or suffer",
"word": "erleiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "stattgeben"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "law: to allow, accept, or admit (e.g. an objection or motion) as valid",
"word": "helyt ad"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "stützen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "tragen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "aufrechterhalten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support",
"word": "halten"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "Kraft geben"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate",
"word": "unterstützen"
}
],
"word": "sustain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ten-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn",
"Rhymes:English/eɪn/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Zazaki translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ten-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "susteinen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English susteinen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sustenir"
},
"expansion": "Old French sustenir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "soutenir"
},
"expansion": "French soutenir",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "sustineō",
"4": "sustineō, sustinēre",
"t": "to uphold"
},
"expansion": "Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustineō, sustinēre (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + teneō (“hold”, verb).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "sustains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sustain (plural sustains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"sus‧tain"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Music"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets, page 265:",
"text": "To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"links": [
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"mechanism",
"mechanism"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"pedal",
"pedal"
],
[
"piano",
"piano"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(music) A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano."
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/səˈsteɪn/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-sustain.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg/En-us-sustain.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/En-us-sustain.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/səˈstæɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪn"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"sustain"
],
"word": "sustain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sustain meaning in English (20.5kB)
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.