"sostenir" meaning in Catalan

See sostenir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [sus.təˈni] [Central], [sos.təˈni] [Balearic], [sos.teˈniɾ] [Valencia]
Etymology: Inherited from Old Catalan sostenir, from Latin sustinēre, with normal change of conjugation to -ir. Compare Occitan sostenir, French soutenir. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|ca|roa-oca|sostenir|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Catalan sostenir, {{inh+|ca|roa-oca|sostenir}} Inherited from Old Catalan sostenir, {{inh|ca|la|sustineo|sustinēre}} Latin sustinēre, {{cog|oc|sostenir}} Occitan sostenir, {{cog|fr|soutenir}} French soutenir Head templates: {{ca-verb|root=é}} sostenir (first-person singular present sostinc, first-person singular preterite sostinguí, past participle sostingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/ Inflection templates: {{ca-conj}} Forms: sostenir [canonical], root stress: [canonical], e [canonical], sostinc [first-person, present, singular], sostinguí [first-person, preterite, singular], sostingut [participle, past], conjugation-3 irregular [table-tags], sostenir [infinitive], sostenint [gerund], sostingut [masculine, participle, past, singular], sostinguda [feminine, participle, past, singular], sostinguts [masculine, participle, past, plural], sostingudes [feminine, participle, past, plural], sostinc [first-person, indicative, present, singular], sostens [indicative, present, second-person, singular], sosté [indicative, present, singular, third-person], sostenim [first-person, indicative, plural, present], sosteniu [indicative, plural, present, second-person], sostenen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], sostenia [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], sostenies [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], sostenia [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], sosteníem [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], sosteníeu [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], sostenien [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], sostindré [first-person, future, indicative, singular], sostindràs [future, indicative, second-person, singular], sostindrà [future, indicative, singular, third-person], sostindrem [first-person, future, indicative, plural], sostindreu [future, indicative, plural, second-person], sostindran [future, indicative, plural, third-person], sostinguí [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], sostingueres [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], sostingué [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], sostinguérem [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], sostinguéreu [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], sostingueren [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], sostindria [conditional, first-person, indicative, singular], sostindries [conditional, indicative, second-person, singular], sostindria [conditional, indicative, singular, third-person], sostindríem [conditional, first-person, indicative, plural], sostindríeu [conditional, indicative, plural, second-person], sostindrien [conditional, indicative, plural, third-person], sostingui [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], sostinguis [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sostingui [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sostinguem [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], sostingueu [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], sostinguin [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], sostingués [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], sostinguessis [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], sostingués [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], sostinguéssim [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], sostinguéssiu [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], sostinguessin [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], sostén [imperative, second-person], sostingues [imperative, second-person], sostingui [formal, imperative, second-person-semantically, singular], sostinguem [first-person, imperative, plural], sosteniu [imperative, plural, second-person], sostingueu [imperative, plural, second-person], sostinguin [formal, imperative, plural, second-person-semantically], no sostinguis [imperative, negative, second-person], no sostingui [formal, imperative, negative, second-person-semantically, singular], no sostinguem [first-person, imperative, negative, plural], no sostingueu [imperative, negative, plural, second-person], no sostinguin [formal, imperative, negative, plural, second-person-semantically], sostindre [alternative]
  1. (transitive) to sustain, bear, hold up Tags: Balearic, Central, Valencia, transitive
    Sense id: en-sostenir-ca-verb-BMuDFTPX Categories (other): Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Catalan verbs with velar infix, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Catalan entries with incorrect language header: 29 6 36 23 6 Disambiguation of Catalan verbs with velar infix: 24 9 29 25 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 32 7 24 27 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 7 24 27 10
  2. (transitive) to defend, uphold Tags: Balearic, Central, Valencia, transitive
    Sense id: en-sostenir-ca-verb-PY4v9qQA
  3. (transitive, figurative) to support, back up Tags: Balearic, Central, Valencia, figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-sostenir-ca-verb-KArF0vid Categories (other): Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Catalan third conjugation verbs without -eix-, Catalan verbs with velar infix, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Catalan entries with incorrect language header: 29 6 36 23 6 Disambiguation of Catalan third conjugation verbs without -eix-: 16 9 38 24 12 Disambiguation of Catalan verbs with velar infix: 24 9 29 25 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 32 7 24 27 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 7 24 27 10
  4. (pronominal) to stand up Tags: Balearic, Central, Valencia, pronominal
    Sense id: en-sostenir-ca-verb-B8QkZxSz Categories (other): Catalan entries with incorrect language header, Catalan verbs with velar infix, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Catalan entries with incorrect language header: 29 6 36 23 6 Disambiguation of Catalan verbs with velar infix: 24 9 29 25 13 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 32 7 24 27 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 32 7 24 27 10
  5. (pronominal, figurative) to remain Tags: Balearic, Central, Valencia, figuratively, pronominal
    Sense id: en-sostenir-ca-verb-Opdue8dB Categories (other): Catalan verbs with velar infix Disambiguation of Catalan verbs with velar infix: 24 9 29 25 13
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: sostenible, sostenidor, sosteniment, sostenint Related terms: tenir

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sostenible"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sostenidor"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sosteniment"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sostenint"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "roa-oca",
        "3": "sostenir",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Catalan sostenir",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "roa-oca",
        "3": "sostenir"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan sostenir",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sustineo",
        "4": "sustinēre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sustinēre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "sostenir"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan sostenir",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "soutenir"
      },
      "expansion": "French soutenir",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan sostenir, from Latin sustinēre, with normal change of conjugation to -ir. Compare Occitan sostenir, French soutenir.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sostenir",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "root stress:",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinc",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguí",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingut",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-3 irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ca-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingudes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosté",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteniu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenia",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenia",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteníem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteníeu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindré",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindràs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindrà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindrem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindreu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindran",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueres",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingué",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguérem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguéreu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindries",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindríem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindríeu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindrien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingués",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguessis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingués",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguéssim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguéssiu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguessin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostén",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingues",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteniu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostinguis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostinguem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostingueu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostinguin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "root": "é"
      },
      "expansion": "sostenir (first-person singular present sostinc, first-person singular preterite sostinguí, past participle sostingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/",
      "name": "ca-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ca-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "tenir"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 6 36 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 9 29 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan verbs with velar infix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 24 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 24 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sustain, bear, hold up"
      ],
      "id": "en-sostenir-ca-verb-BMuDFTPX",
      "links": [
        [
          "sustain",
          "sustain"
        ],
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ],
        [
          "hold up",
          "hold up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sustain, bear, hold up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "to defend, uphold"
      ],
      "id": "en-sostenir-ca-verb-PY4v9qQA",
      "links": [
        [
          "defend",
          "defend"
        ],
        [
          "uphold",
          "uphold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to defend, uphold"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 6 36 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "16 9 38 24 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan third conjugation verbs without -eix-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 9 29 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan verbs with velar infix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 24 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 24 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to support, back up"
      ],
      "id": "en-sostenir-ca-verb-KArF0vid",
      "links": [
        [
          "support",
          "support"
        ],
        [
          "back up",
          "back up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) to support, back up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 6 36 23 6",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 9 29 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan verbs with velar infix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 24 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "32 7 24 27 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to stand up"
      ],
      "id": "en-sostenir-ca-verb-B8QkZxSz",
      "links": [
        [
          "stand up",
          "stand up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pronominal) to stand up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "pronominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 9 29 25 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Catalan verbs with velar infix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to remain"
      ],
      "id": "en-sostenir-ca-verb-Opdue8dB",
      "links": [
        [
          "remain",
          "remain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pronominal, figurative) to remain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "figuratively",
        "pronominal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sus.təˈni]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sos.təˈni]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sos.teˈniɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sostenir"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
    "Catalan irregular verbs",
    "Catalan lemmas",
    "Catalan terms derived from Latin",
    "Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Latin",
    "Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan",
    "Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Catalan third conjugation verbs",
    "Catalan third conjugation verbs without -eix-",
    "Catalan verbs",
    "Catalan verbs with velar infix",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sostenible"
    },
    {
      "word": "sostenidor"
    },
    {
      "word": "sosteniment"
    },
    {
      "word": "sostenint"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "roa-oca",
        "3": "sostenir",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Catalan sostenir",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "roa-oca",
        "3": "sostenir"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Catalan sostenir",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ca",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "sustineo",
        "4": "sustinēre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin sustinēre",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "oc",
        "2": "sostenir"
      },
      "expansion": "Occitan sostenir",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "soutenir"
      },
      "expansion": "French soutenir",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Catalan sostenir, from Latin sustinēre, with normal change of conjugation to -ir. Compare Occitan sostenir, French soutenir.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sostenir",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "root stress:",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "e",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinc",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguí",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingut",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-3 irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ca-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenir",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenint",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguts",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingudes",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinc",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostens",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosté",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteniu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenia",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenies",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenia",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteníem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteníeu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostenien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindré",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindràs",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindrà",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindrem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindreu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindran",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguí",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueres",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingué",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguérem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguéreu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueren",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindries",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindria",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindríem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindríeu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindrien",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingués",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguessis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingués",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguéssim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguéssiu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguessin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostén",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingues",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sosteniu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostingueu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostinguin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostinguis",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostingui",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "second-person-semantically",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostinguem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostingueu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no sostinguin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "negative",
        "plural",
        "second-person-semantically"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sostindre",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "root": "é"
      },
      "expansion": "sostenir (first-person singular present sostinc, first-person singular preterite sostinguí, past participle sostingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/",
      "name": "ca-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "ca-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Catalan",
  "lang_code": "ca",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "tenir"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sustain, bear, hold up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sustain",
          "sustain"
        ],
        [
          "bear",
          "bear"
        ],
        [
          "hold up",
          "hold up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to sustain, bear, hold up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to defend, uphold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "defend",
          "defend"
        ],
        [
          "uphold",
          "uphold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to defend, uphold"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Catalan transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to support, back up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "support",
          "support"
        ],
        [
          "back up",
          "back up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) to support, back up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to stand up"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stand up",
          "stand up"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pronominal) to stand up"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "pronominal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to remain"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "remain",
          "remain"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(pronominal, figurative) to remain"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Balearic",
        "Central",
        "Valencia",
        "figuratively",
        "pronominal"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sus.təˈni]",
      "tags": [
        "Central"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sos.təˈni]",
      "tags": [
        "Balearic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sos.teˈniɾ]",
      "tags": [
        "Valencia"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "sostenir"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sostenir meaning in Catalan (10.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
  "msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'root stress:' in 'sostenir (first-person singular present sostinc, first-person singular preterite sostinguí, past participle sostingut); root stress: (Central, Valencia, Balearic) /e/'",
  "path": [
    "sostenir"
  ],
  "section": "Catalan",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "sostenir",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Catalan dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.