See scurf in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scurvy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "sea scurf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"id": "cut"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "scurf"
},
"expansion": "Old English scurf",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skurf-",
"t": "to gnaw"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to cut off, sever; to divide, separate"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schurft"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schurft",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schorf"
},
"expansion": "German Schorf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skurv"
},
"expansion": "Danish skurv",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skorv"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skorv",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”), from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). Cognate with Dutch schurft, German Schorf, Danish skurv, Swedish skorv.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scurfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "scurf (countable and uncountable, plural scurfs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "possibly related",
"word": "scarf"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"english": "related",
"word": "scarf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A skin disease."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun-zaDD5KXW",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The flakes of skin that fall off as a result of a skin disease."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun-N2-8pId7",
"links": [
[
"flakes",
"flakes"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dandruff"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "moramaś",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "মরামাস"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "khuśoki",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "খুশকি"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎrhot",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пърхот"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"note": "for hair",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "kebek"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "lupy"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "of the scalp",
"roman": "pityrída",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πιτυρίδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákhōr",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἄχωρ"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gainne"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fuke",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "ふけ"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kasabuta",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "かさぶた"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "inaho"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "pakitea"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "māihiihi"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "māungaunga"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "balikuskos"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "marwdon"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sgrwff"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 74 12 2 2 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cen"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 670–673:",
"text": "There ſtood a Hill not far whoſe frieſly top / Belch'd fire and rowling ſmoak; the reſt entire / Shon with a gloſſie ſcurff, undoubted ſign / That in his womb was hid metallic Ore,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any crust-like formations on the skin, or in general."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun-U1qF8mXT",
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"formations",
"formations"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 392, line 1011:",
"text": "The Scurf is worn away, of each committed Crime",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The foul remains of anything adherent."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun-hsWsK-ql",
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"adherent",
"adherent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The foul remains of anything adherent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scum"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 10 32 7 46 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 14 21 8 50 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 11 17 18 44 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 14 16 34 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bengali translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 13 20 16 45 3",
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{
"_dis": "5 8 14 15 37 21",
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"name": "Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
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{
"_dis": "2 10 12 16 39 22",
"kind": "other",
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{
"_dis": "3 15 22 14 43 3",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 23 16 45 3",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 26 8 48 3",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 12 26 8 48 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 20 16 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 10 20 16 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tagalog translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 17 24 9 44 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun--mBM3IxN",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"membranous",
"membranous"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"leaves",
"leaf"
],
[
"goosefoot",
"goosefoot"
],
[
"Asa Gray",
"w:Asa Gray"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A low, mean person."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun-LJy6FsC-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, slang) A low, mean person."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜː(ɹ)f/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scurf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f"
}
],
"word": "scurf"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "scurfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scurf (plural scurfs)",
"name": "en-noun"
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 3 14 3 31 2 47",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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},
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"_dis": "1 3 12 2 30 1 52",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"A grey bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)."
],
"id": "en-scurf-en-noun-iji-6LkF",
"links": [
[
"bull trout",
"bull trout"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜː(ɹ)f/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scurf.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f"
}
],
"word": "scurf"
}
{
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (cut)",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f/1 syllable",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Crimean Tatar translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "scurvy"
},
{
"word": "sea scurf"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"id": "cut"
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"name": "root"
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"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "scurf"
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"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skurf-",
"t": "to gnaw"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "schurft"
},
"expansion": "Dutch schurft",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schorf"
},
"expansion": "German Schorf",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skurv"
},
"expansion": "Danish skurv",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skorv"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skorv",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From scurf (“skin disease causing scabs or scales; flakes of skin that fall off due to a skin disease, etc.”), from Old English scurf, from Proto-Germanic *skurf- (“to gnaw”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut off, sever; to divide, separate”). Cognate with Dutch schurft, German Schorf, Danish skurv, Swedish skorv.",
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]
}
],
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"english": "possibly related",
"word": "scarf"
},
{
"english": "related",
"word": "scarf"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A skin disease."
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
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],
[
"disease",
"disease"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The flakes of skin that fall off as a result of a skin disease."
],
"links": [
[
"flakes",
"flakes"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dandruff"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “Book I”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC, lines 670–673:",
"text": "There ſtood a Hill not far whoſe frieſly top / Belch'd fire and rowling ſmoak; the reſt entire / Shon with a gloſſie ſcurff, undoubted ſign / That in his womb was hid metallic Ore,",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any crust-like formations on the skin, or in general."
],
"links": [
[
"crust",
"crust"
],
[
"formations",
"formations"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1697, Virgil, “The Sixth Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, page 392, line 1011:",
"text": "The Scurf is worn away, of each committed Crime",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The foul remains of anything adherent."
],
"links": [
[
"foul",
"foul"
],
[
"adherent",
"adherent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The foul remains of anything adherent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scum"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"membranous",
"membranous"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"leaves",
"leaf"
],
[
"goosefoot",
"goosefoot"
],
[
"Asa Gray",
"w:Asa Gray"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Minute membranous scales on the surface of some leaves, as in the goosefoot."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A low, mean person."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, slang) A low, mean person."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"obsolete",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/skɜː(ɹ)f/"
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scurf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "moramaś",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "মরামাস"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "khuśoki",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "খুশকি"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "pǎrhot",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пърхот"
},
{
"code": "crh",
"lang": "Crimean Tatar",
"note": "for hair",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "kebek"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "lupy"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"note": "of the scalp",
"roman": "pityrída",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "πιτυρίδα"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "ákhōr",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ἄχωρ"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gainne"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crosta"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fuke",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "ふけ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kasabuta",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "かさぶた"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "inaho"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "pakitea"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "māihiihi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "māungaunga"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"word": "balikuskos"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "marwdon"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sgrwff"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "flakes of skin",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cen"
}
],
"word": "scurf"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "scurfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scurf (plural scurfs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)"
],
"glosses": [
"A grey bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus)."
],
"links": [
[
"bull trout",
"bull trout"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɜː(ɹ)f/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scurf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scurf.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f"
}
],
"word": "scurf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scurf meaning in English (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.