See scald in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:scalden",
"id": "scalden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱleh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-idus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calidus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caldus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"excaldō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Northern French\", \"term\" : \"escalder\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro-nor\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"scalden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scald\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"scalden\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scald\" id=\"English:_scalden\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scalden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "escalder"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French escalder",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excaldo",
"4": "excaldāre",
"t": "bathe in hot water"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-<t:off, out>",
"3": "caldus<alt:cal(i)dus><t:hot>",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skalda"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skalda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skålla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skålla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skolde"
},
"expansion": "Danish skolde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skålda"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skålda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skálda"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skálda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skálda",
"t": "to rot, fall off, of hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scalle",
"t": "hair loss infection, rash, blistering"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scall"
},
"expansion": "English scall",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\nFrom Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).\nCognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.\nAlso compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scalds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scalding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scalded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scalded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (third-person singular simple present scalds, present participle scalding, simple past and past participle scalded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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{
"_dis": "2 2 1 16 13 24 7 31 4",
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{
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{
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"text": "to scald the hand",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"ref": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals), page vii, line 48:",
"text": "Mine own tears / Do scald like molten lead.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
32
]
],
"ref": "1656, Abraham Cowley, Davideis:",
"text": "Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1943 March and April, “Notes and News: Southern Locomotive Destroys Raider”, in Railway Magazine, page 119:",
"text": "The fireman was scalded by steam, but he did not fare so badly as the enemy pilot, whose dead body was found on a bank about 100 yd. away from the train.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To burn with hot liquid."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-verb-yP62Sa-S",
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"hot",
"hot"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poparvam",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "попарвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tàngshāng",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "燙傷 /烫伤"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tàng",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "燙 /烫"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "opařit"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "spařit"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "skolde"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "polttaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "aiheuttaa palovamma"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "kaltata"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "ébouillanter"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "échauder"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "verbrühen"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "zemató",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "ζεματώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "saráf",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "שרף"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "leforráz"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "scottare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "combūrō"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "plikyti"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "skålde"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "opări"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obžigátʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обжига́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obžéčʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обже́чь"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošparivatʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ошпаривать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošpáritʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ошпа́рить"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obvárivatʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обва́ривать"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obvarítʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обвари́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obariť"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "quemar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "skålla"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "banlian"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "mabanlian"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "makabanli"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "lûuak",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "ลวก"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obšparjuvaty",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "обшпарювати"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obšparyty",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "обшпарити"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cooking",
"orig": "en:Cooking",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 27 12 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 15 29 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"text": "Scald the milk until little bubbles form.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To heat almost to boiling."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-verb-M~2z-i6Q",
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"boiling",
"boiling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking) To heat almost to boiling."
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zaparvam",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "запарвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "kuumentaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "échauder"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "brühen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "hirtíakh",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "הרתיח"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "scaldare"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "opări"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 99",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "escaldar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scald.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antiscald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "barley scald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "forscald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nonscalding"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "rainscald"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scalder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scaldhead"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "scaldingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sunscald"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:scalden",
"id": "scalden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱleh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-idus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calidus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caldus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"excaldō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Northern French\", \"term\" : \"escalder\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro-nor\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"scalden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scald\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"scalden\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scald\" id=\"English:_scalden\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scalden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "escalder"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French escalder",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excaldo",
"4": "excaldāre",
"t": "bathe in hot water"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-<t:off, out>",
"3": "caldus<alt:cal(i)dus><t:hot>",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skalda"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skalda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skålla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skålla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skolde"
},
"expansion": "Danish skolde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skålda"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skålda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skálda"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skálda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skálda",
"t": "to rot, fall off, of hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scalle",
"t": "hair loss infection, rash, blistering"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scall"
},
"expansion": "English scall",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\nFrom Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).\nCognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.\nAlso compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scalds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (plural scalds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 27 15 29 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-noun-pAG0QRfb",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "izgoreno mjasto",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "изгорено място"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tàngshāng",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "燙傷 /烫伤"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verbrühung"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "kviyá",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "כווייה"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "opăritură"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ožóg",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ожо́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quemadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escaldadura"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 22 8",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "skållning"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 27 12 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 15 29 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "tangzhong"
},
{
"word": "yudane"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"ref": "1911, William Jago, William C. Jago, The Technology of Bread-making: Including the Chemistry and Analytical and Practical Testing of Wheat, Flour, and Other Materials Employed in Bread-making and Confectionery, page 253:",
"text": "[…] stir in the flour by hand, and afterwards add the boiling water, and stir vigorously as already described for Virgin barm. The scald should not be so stiff as for Virgin, and should taste sweet when newly made.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
203,
208
]
],
"ref": "2022 August 30, Tara Jensen, Flour Power: The Practice and Pursuit of Baking Sourdough Bread, Clarkson Potter, →ISBN, page 214:",
"text": "THE NIGHT BEFORE: MIX THE LEAVEN AND PREPARE THE SCALD. [...] mix the rye starter with the whole rye flour and room temperature water. Cover with a lid and let rest overnight, or 8 to 10 hours. Make the scald[:] In a 1-pint deli container (or similar container), combine the dark rye flour and boiling water and mix thoroughly until there is no dry flour. [...] let rest overnight […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-noun-nlNd18Mw",
"links": [
[
"stale",
"stale#Verb"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 90 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "mixture of flour and hot water used in making bread",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Brühstück"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "mixture of flour and hot water used in making bread",
"word": "skållning"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Appalachian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 27 12 23 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 27 15 29 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Poor or bad land."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-noun-YosKOLol",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Appalachia) Poor or bad land."
],
"tags": [
"Appalachia"
]
}
],
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
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}
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"name": "cog"
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},
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"name": "cog"
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"2": "skåld",
"t": "rash"
},
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"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).",
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{
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113,
118
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],
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Her craftie head was altogether bald, / And as in hate of honorable eld, / Was ouergrowne with scurfe and filthy scald[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
60,
65
]
],
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Some heale Horses, some cure men, some the plague, some the scald [translating teigne], some the cough, some one kinde of scab, and some another[…].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Scaliness; a scabby skin disease."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-noun-hpM-LMQJ",
"links": [
[
"Scaliness",
"scaliness"
],
[
"scabby",
"scabby"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Scaliness; a scabby skin disease."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
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},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"word": "scald"
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{
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scald-crow"
}
],
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"name": "cog"
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"1": "sv",
"2": "skål"
},
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"name": "cog"
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"name": "cog"
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{
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"2": "skåld",
"t": "rash"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skåld (“rash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more scald",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most scald",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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}
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"pos": "adj",
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{
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{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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65,
70
]
],
"ref": "1599, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, act III, scene i, line 110:",
"text": "and let us knog our / prains together to be revenge on this same scald, scurvy, / cogging companion,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affected with the scab; scabby."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-adj-en:scabby",
"links": [
[
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"scab"
],
[
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"scabby"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Affected with the scab; scabby."
],
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],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scalled"
},
{
"_dis1": "98 2",
"sense": "scabby",
"word": "roynish"
}
],
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]
},
{
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"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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140,
146
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],
"ref": "c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:",
"text": "Would it not grieue a King to be so abuſ’d?\nAnd haue a thouſand horſmen tane away?\nAnd which is worſe to haue his Diadem\nSought for by ſuch ſcalde knaues as loue him not?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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53,
58
]
],
"ref": "1598, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, act V, scene ii, line 215:",
"text": "Saucy lictors / Will catch at us like strumpets, and scald rhymers / Ballad us out o' tune.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Paltry; worthless."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-adj-~qGLZDLC",
"links": [
[
"Paltry",
"paltry"
],
[
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"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Paltry; worthless."
],
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{
"_dis1": "11 89",
"sense": "paltry",
"word": "contemptible"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "scurvy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "miserable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "trashy"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scalds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (plural scalds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
"word": "skald"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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],
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter I, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "The fire was spreading rapidly through all parts of the castle, when Ulrica, who had first kindled it, appeared on a turret, in the guise of one of the ancient furies, yelling forth a war-song, such as was of yore chaunted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of skald."
],
"id": "en-scald-en-noun-DQk4wNaB",
"links": [
[
"skald",
"skald#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "possibly etymologically related to above",
"translation": "possibly etymologically related to above",
"word": "scald-crow"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱleh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁éǵʰ",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁éǵʰs",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:scalden",
"id": "scalden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱleh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-idus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calidus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caldus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"excaldō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Northern French\", \"term\" : \"escalder\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro-nor\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"scalden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scald\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"scalden\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scald\" id=\"English:_scalden\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scalden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "escalder"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French escalder",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excaldo",
"4": "excaldāre",
"t": "bathe in hot water"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-<t:off, out>",
"3": "caldus<alt:cal(i)dus><t:hot>",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skalda"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skalda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skålla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skålla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skolde"
},
"expansion": "Danish skolde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skålda"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skålda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skálda"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skálda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skálda",
"t": "to rot, fall off, of hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scalle",
"t": "hair loss infection, rash, blistering"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scall"
},
"expansion": "English scall",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\nFrom Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).\nCognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.\nAlso compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scalds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "scalding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "scalded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "scalded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (third-person singular simple present scalds, present participle scalding, simple past and past participle scalded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"text": "to scald the hand",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
20,
25
]
],
"ref": "c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals), page vii, line 48:",
"text": "Mine own tears / Do scald like molten lead.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
24,
32
]
],
"ref": "1656, Abraham Cowley, Davideis:",
"text": "Here the blue flames of scalding brimstone fall.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
23
]
],
"ref": "1943 March and April, “Notes and News: Southern Locomotive Destroys Raider”, in Railway Magazine, page 119:",
"text": "The fireman was scalded by steam, but he did not fare so badly as the enemy pilot, whose dead body was found on a bank about 100 yd. away from the train.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To burn with hot liquid."
],
"links": [
[
"burn",
"burn"
],
[
"hot",
"hot"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"en:Cooking"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"text": "Scald the milk until little bubbles form.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To heat almost to boiling."
],
"links": [
[
"cooking",
"cooking#Noun"
],
[
"heat",
"heat"
],
[
"boiling",
"boiling"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cooking) To heat almost to boiling."
],
"topics": [
"cooking",
"food",
"lifestyle"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scald.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "poparvam",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "попарвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tàngshāng",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "燙傷 /烫伤"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tàng",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "燙 /烫"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "opařit"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "spařit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "skolde"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "polttaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "aiheuttaa palovamma"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "kaltata"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "ébouillanter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "échauder"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "verbrühen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "zemató",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "ζεματώ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "saráf",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "שרף"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "leforráz"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "scottare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "combūrō"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "plikyti"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "skålde"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "opări"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obžigátʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обжига́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obžéčʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обже́чь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošparivatʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ошпаривать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ošpáritʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ошпа́рить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obvárivatʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обва́ривать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "obvarítʹ",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обвари́ть"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "obariť"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "quemar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "skålla"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "banlian"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "mabanlian"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "makabanli"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "lûuak",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "ลวก"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obšparjuvaty",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "обшпарювати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "obšparyty",
"sense": "to burn with hot fluid",
"word": "обшпарити"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "zaparvam",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "запарвам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "kuumentaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "échauder"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "brühen"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "hirtíakh",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "הרתיח"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "scaldare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "escaldar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "opări"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to heat almost to boiling",
"word": "escaldar"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old Northern French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰeh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱleh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁éǵʰ",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₁éǵʰs",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tagalog translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "antiscald"
},
{
"word": "barley scald"
},
{
"word": "forscald"
},
{
"word": "nonscalding"
},
{
"word": "rainscald"
},
{
"word": "scalder"
},
{
"word": "scaldhead"
},
{
"word": "scaldingly"
},
{
"word": "sunscald"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "enm:scalden",
"id": "scalden",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"out\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰ\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverbial\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-s\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁éǵʰs\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*eks\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"ex-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ḱleh₁-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₁ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*kalēō\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caleō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"do\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*dʰeh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-iðos\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-idus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"calidus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"caldus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"excaldō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Northern French\", \"term\" : \"escalder\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro-nor\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"scalden\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"scald\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"scalden\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"scald\" id=\"English:_scalden\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "scalden"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalden",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro-nor",
"3": "escalder"
},
"expansion": "Old Northern French escalder",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excaldo",
"4": "excaldāre",
"t": "bathe in hot water"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex-<t:off, out>",
"3": "caldus<alt:cal(i)dus><t:hot>",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skalda"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skalda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skålla"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skålla",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skolde"
},
"expansion": "Danish skolde",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skålda"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skålda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "skálda"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic skálda",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "skálda",
"t": "to rot, fall off, of hair"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "scalle",
"t": "hair loss infection, rash, blistering"
},
"expansion": "Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”)",
"name": "ncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "scall"
},
"expansion": "English scall",
"name": "ncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰ\nProto-Indo-European *-s\nProto-Indo-European *h₁éǵʰs\nProto-Italic *eks\nLatin ex\nLatin ex-\nProto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti\nProto-Indo-European *ḱl̥h₁éh₁yeti\nProto-Italic *kalēō\nLatin caleō\nProto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-der.\nProto-Italic *-iðos\nLatin -idus\nLatin calidus\nLatin caldus\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin excaldō\nOld Northern French escalderbor.\nMiddle English scalden\nEnglish scald\nFrom Middle English scalden, assumed to stem from Old Northern French escalder (compare central Old French eschauder, eschalder), from Late Latin excaldāre (“bathe in hot water”), from ex- (“off, out”) + cal(i)dus (“hot”).\nCognate with Old Swedish skalda, skolda, skolla, skala, Swedish skålla, Danish skolde, Norwegian skålda, skaalda, Icelandic skálda.\nAlso compare Old Norse skálda (“to rot, fall off, of hair”), to skalli (“baldness”), borrowed as Middle English scalle (“hair loss infection, rash, blistering”), English scall.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scalds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (plural scalds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A burn, or injury to the skin or flesh, by hot liquid or steam."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "tangzhong"
},
{
"word": "yudane"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
131,
136
]
],
"ref": "1911, William Jago, William C. Jago, The Technology of Bread-making: Including the Chemistry and Analytical and Practical Testing of Wheat, Flour, and Other Materials Employed in Bread-making and Confectionery, page 253:",
"text": "[…] stir in the flour by hand, and afterwards add the boiling water, and stir vigorously as already described for Virgin barm. The scald should not be so stiff as for Virgin, and should taste sweet when newly made.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
203,
208
]
],
"ref": "2022 August 30, Tara Jensen, Flour Power: The Practice and Pursuit of Baking Sourdough Bread, Clarkson Potter, →ISBN, page 214:",
"text": "THE NIGHT BEFORE: MIX THE LEAVEN AND PREPARE THE SCALD. [...] mix the rye starter with the whole rye flour and room temperature water. Cover with a lid and let rest overnight, or 8 to 10 hours. Make the scald[:] In a 1-pint deli container (or similar container), combine the dark rye flour and boiling water and mix thoroughly until there is no dry flour. [...] let rest overnight […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A paste, made by mixing flour with hot or boiling water (causing starches in it to gelatinize and hold more water) and allowing that mixture to sit and cool, which is added to bread dough to produce a softer bread that takes longer to stale."
],
"links": [
[
"stale",
"stale#Verb"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Appalachian English"
],
"glosses": [
"Poor or bad land."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Appalachia) Poor or bad land."
],
"tags": [
"Appalachia"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scald.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "izgoreno mjasto",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "изгорено място"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "tàngshāng",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "燙傷 /烫伤"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Verbrühung"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "kviyá",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "כווייה"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "opăritură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ožóg",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ожо́г"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "quemadura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "escaldadura"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "burn caused by hot liquid",
"word": "skållning"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "mixture of flour and hot water used in making bread",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Brühstück"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "mixture of flour and hot water used in making bread",
"word": "skållning"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skold"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skål"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skål",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skold"
},
"expansion": "Danish skold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skåld",
"t": "rash"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skåld (“rash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "scald (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
113,
118
]
],
"ref": "1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto VII”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:",
"text": "Her craftie head was altogether bald, / And as in hate of honorable eld, / Was ouergrowne with scurfe and filthy scald[…].",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
60,
65
]
],
"ref": "1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Some heale Horses, some cure men, some the plague, some the scald [translating teigne], some the cough, some one kinde of scab, and some another[…].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Scaliness; a scabby skin disease."
],
"links": [
[
"Scaliness",
"scaliness"
],
[
"scabby",
"scabby"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Scaliness; a scabby skin disease."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scald.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "scald-crow"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "skold"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish skold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "skål"
},
"expansion": "Swedish skål",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "skold"
},
"expansion": "Danish skold",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "skåld",
"t": "rash"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian skåld (“rash”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of scall or scalled. Compare cognate Old Swedish skold, skoldh, skol, Swedish skål, skoll, skolla, Danish skold, skolde, Norwegian skåld (“rash”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more scald",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most scald",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (comparative more scald, superlative most scald)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
65,
70
]
],
"ref": "1599, William Shakespeare, The Merry Wives of Windsor, act III, scene i, line 110:",
"text": "and let us knog our / prains together to be revenge on this same scald, scurvy, / cogging companion,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Affected with the scab; scabby."
],
"links": [
[
"scab",
"scab"
],
[
"scabby",
"scabby"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Affected with the scab; scabby."
],
"senseid": [
"en:scabby"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "scalled"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
140,
146
]
],
"ref": "c. 1587–1588 (date written), [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], 2nd edition, part 1, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene ii:",
"text": "Would it not grieue a King to be so abuſ’d?\nAnd haue a thouſand horſmen tane away?\nAnd which is worſe to haue his Diadem\nSought for by ſuch ſcalde knaues as loue him not?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
58
]
],
"ref": "1598, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Antony and Cleopatra, act V, scene ii, line 215:",
"text": "Saucy lictors / Will catch at us like strumpets, and scald rhymers / Ballad us out o' tune.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Paltry; worthless."
],
"links": [
[
"Paltry",
"paltry"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) Paltry; worthless."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scald.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "scabby",
"word": "roynish"
},
{
"word": "scurvy"
},
{
"sense": "paltry",
"word": "contemptible"
},
{
"word": "miserable"
},
{
"word": "trashy"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld",
"Rhymes:English/ɔːld/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scalds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "scald (plural scalds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "possibly etymologically related to above",
"translation": "possibly etymologically related to above",
"word": "scald-crow"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "skald"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
253,
259
]
],
"ref": "1819 December 20 (indicated as 1820), Walter Scott, chapter I, in Ivanhoe; a Romance. […], volume III, Edinburgh: […] Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Hurst, Robinson, and Co. […], →OCLC, page 28:",
"text": "The fire was spreading rapidly through all parts of the castle, when Ulrica, who had first kindled it, appeared on a turret, in the guise of one of the ancient furies, yelling forth a war-song, such as was of yore chaunted on the field of battle by the scalds of the yet heathen Saxons.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of skald."
],
"links": [
[
"skald",
"skald#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɑld/",
"tags": [
"US",
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔːld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɒld/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-scald.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/58/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-scald.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/skɔld/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔːld"
},
{
"homophone": "skald"
}
],
"word": "scald"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scald meaning in English (43.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.