See pugnacious in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pugnacious meaning in English (7.8kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pewǵ-"
},
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"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnāx"
},
"expansion": "pugnāx",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnō",
"3": "",
"4": "I fight"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (“I fight”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnus",
"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin, from a derivative of pugnāx, from pugnō (“I fight”), from pugnus (“fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more pugnacious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most pugnacious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
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"args": {},
"expansion": "pugnacious (comparative more pugnacious, superlative most pugnacious)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Personality",
"orig": "en:Personality",
"parents": [
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"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugnaciously"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, Anthony Trollope, chapter 3, in Dr Thorne",
"text": "Not that the doctor was a bully, or even pugnacious, in the usual sense of the word; he had no disposition to provoke a fight, no propense love of quarrelling.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Ken Follett, Hornet Flight, pages 249–250",
"text": "In the face of bad news Churchill normally became even more pugnacious, always wanting to respond to defeat by going on the attack.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014 October 21, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport)",
"text": "[I]n the 575 days since [Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionist histories, to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 29:50 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 2022-11-03",
"text": "Of course the Johnston swings around to engage the entire flotilla, and, despite taking several more hits, Johnston successfully forces away the first two ships, which leads to the entire squadron taking a detour to avoid the single pugnacious ship.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Naturally aggressive or hostile; combative; belligerent; bellicose."
],
"id": "en-pugnacious-en-adj-ThP6XJc4",
"links": [
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
],
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"combative",
"combative"
],
[
"belligerent",
"belligerent"
],
[
"bellicose",
"bellicose"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "impugn"
},
{
"word": "poniard"
},
{
"word": "pugilism"
},
{
"word": "pugnacity"
},
{
"word": "repugn"
},
{
"word": "repugnant"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svadliv",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "свадлив"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaç"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好戰的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàozhàn de",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好战的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好鬥的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàodòu de",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好斗的"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "strijdlustig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "vechtlustig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "vijandig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "taistelunhaluinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnace"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "kampflustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "streitsüchtig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "streitlustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "rauflustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "kampfeslustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "kämpferisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "trodach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnace"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "sotqar",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "сотқар"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töbeleskış",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "төбелескіш"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töbelesşıl",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "төбелесшіл"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnāx"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pukungangare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "ririhau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "stridslysten"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaç"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "wojowniczy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "awanturniczy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnace"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "belicoso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dračlívyj",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "драчли́вый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ратоборан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ratoboran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaz"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "belicoso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "stridslysten"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡˈneɪ.ʃəs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃəs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "pugnacious"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "pugnaciously"
}
],
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"3": "*pewǵ-"
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"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
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{
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"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "-"
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"expansion": "Latin",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnāx"
},
"expansion": "pugnāx",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pugnō",
"3": "",
"4": "I fight"
},
"expansion": "pugnō (“I fight”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
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"3": "",
"4": "fist"
},
"expansion": "pugnus (“fist”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin, from a derivative of pugnāx, from pugnō (“I fight”), from pugnus (“fist”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more pugnacious",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most pugnacious",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pugnacious (comparative more pugnacious, superlative most pugnacious)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "impugn"
},
{
"word": "poniard"
},
{
"word": "pugilism"
},
{
"word": "pugnacity"
},
{
"word": "repugn"
},
{
"word": "repugnant"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pewǵ-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with quotations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃəs",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃəs/3 syllables",
"en:Personality"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1858, Anthony Trollope, chapter 3, in Dr Thorne",
"text": "Not that the doctor was a bully, or even pugnacious, in the usual sense of the word; he had no disposition to provoke a fight, no propense love of quarrelling.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Ken Follett, Hornet Flight, pages 249–250",
"text": "In the face of bad news Churchill normally became even more pugnacious, always wanting to respond to defeat by going on the attack.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014 October 21, Oliver Brown, “Oscar Pistorius jailed for five years – sport afforded no protection against his tragic fallibilities: Bladerunner's punishment for killing Reeva Steenkamp is but a frippery when set against the burden that her bereft parents, June and Barry, must carry [print version: No room for sentimentality in this tragedy, 13 September 2014, p. S22]”, in The Daily Telegraph (Sport)",
"text": "[I]n the 575 days since [Oscar] Pistorius shot dead his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp, there has been an unseemly scramble to construct revisionist histories, to identify evidence beneath that placid exterior of a pugnacious, hair-trigger personality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2019 February 27, Drachinifel, 29:50 from the start, in The Battle of Samar - Odds? What are those?, archived from the original on 2022-11-03",
"text": "Of course the Johnston swings around to engage the entire flotilla, and, despite taking several more hits, Johnston successfully forces away the first two ships, which leads to the entire squadron taking a detour to avoid the single pugnacious ship.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Naturally aggressive or hostile; combative; belligerent; bellicose."
],
"links": [
[
"aggressive",
"aggressive"
],
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"combative",
"combative"
],
[
"belligerent",
"belligerent"
],
[
"bellicose",
"bellicose"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʌɡˈneɪ.ʃəs/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃəs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-pugnacious.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svadliv",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "свадлив"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaç"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好戰的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàozhàn de",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好战的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好鬥的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hàodòu de",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "好斗的"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "strijdlustig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "vechtlustig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "vijandig"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "vijandig"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "taistelunhaluinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnace"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "kampflustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "streitsüchtig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "streitlustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "rauflustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "kampfeslustig"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "kämpferisch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "aggressiv"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "trodach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnace"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "sotqar",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "сотқар"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töbeleskış",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "төбелескіш"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "töbelesşıl",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "төбелесшіл"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnāx"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pukungangare"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "ririhau"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "stridslysten"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaç"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "wojowniczy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "awanturniczy"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaz"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnace"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "belicoso"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "dračlívyj",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "драчли́вый"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ратоборан"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "ratoboran"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "pugnaz"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "belicoso"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "aggressive, belligerent",
"word": "stridslysten"
}
],
"word": "pugnacious"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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