See penumbra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penumbral"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "pēnumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin pēnumbra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"4": "",
"5": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra"
},
"expansion": "pēnumbra",
"name": "monospace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paene"
},
"expansion": "paene",
"name": "monospace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "umbra"
},
"expansion": "umbra",
"name": "monospace"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin pēnumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbræ",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "penumbrae",
"3": "penumbræ",
"pl3qual": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "penumbra (plural penumbras or penumbrae or (obsolete) penumbræ)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧um‧bra"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Galen C. Duree, Jr., Optics for Dummies, Wiley Publishing, Inc., published 2011, →ISBN, page 61:",
"text": "The other places see the penumbra of the moon's shadow fall on the earth, so the eclipse is partial, and part of the sun's disc is still visible.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Frank McLynn, Captain Cook: Master of the Seas, Yale University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 112:",
"text": "In the boiling temperature of 119 ° F – the hottest they had experienced so far – they watched as the penumbra of Venus blurred its outline at the precise moment the disc crossed the sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Michael A. Seeds, Dana E. Backman, Horizons: Exploring the Universe, Brooks/Cole, published 2012, →ISBN, page 37:",
"text": "The part of the moon that remains in the penumbra receives some direct sunlight, and the glare is usually great enough to prevent your seeing the faint coppery glow of the part of the moon in the umbra.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-2fq-9T5j",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "halfskaduwee"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šibh ẓill",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "شِبْه ظِلّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kisastver",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "կիսաստվեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "ilunantz"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paŭcjénʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паўце́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "polusjánka",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуся́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànyǐng",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polostín"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halfschaduw"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "duonombro"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "puolivarjo"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halbschatten"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paraskiá",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρασκιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פְּלַג צֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "félárnyék"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "miombro"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"alt": "はんえい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "han'ei",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bon'geurimja",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본그림자"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bonyeong",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본영"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "achicehualli"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "półcień"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbră"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poluténʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуте́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polotieň"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "halvskugga"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ngao-muua",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "เงามัว"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pivtínʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "півті́нь"
}
]
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{
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"A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-G~aea6TI",
"links": [
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"astronomy",
"astronomy"
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[
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"sunspot"
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],
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"(astronomy) A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Debraj Ray, Development Economics, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 346–347:",
"text": "These firms or businesses are not illegal in the strict sense, but there is a shadowy penumbra within which they live, and it is often convenient for the government to look the other way.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Denis Farkasfalvy, Inspiration and Interpretation: A Theological Introduction to Sacred Scripture, The Catholic University of America Press, published 2010, →ISBN, page 188:",
"text": "[…] God chose to descend into the realm of human imperfection, where the light of truth is spare and must exist in the penumbra of partial knowledge mixed with partial ignorance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Bill Schwartz, The White Man's World, Oxford University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 136:",
"text": "Unlike some of his contemporaries Parkes never implied that the Irish were close, in the racial hierarchy, to black, condemned to some racial penumbra, between black and white; but nor, given Catholic exclusion from the given traditions of his native radicalism, were the Irish white in the same way that he was.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-5qfJkdz3",
"links": [
[
"uncertainty",
"uncertainty"
],
[
"intermediacy",
"intermediacy"
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[
"mutually exclusive",
"mutually exclusive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 2 74 11 1 4",
"sense": "area of uncertainty or intermediacy",
"word": "grey area"
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{
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{
"ref": "1975, Bryan R. Wilson, The Noble Savages: The Primitive Origins of Charisma and Its Contemporary Survival, Quantum Books, published 1975, →ISBN, page 116:",
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"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1986, John McCormick, “Chicago Bounces Back”, in Newsweek, volume 108, page 42:",
"text": "But for all the expansionist energy of a metro area that sprawls from Wisconsin to Indiana (total population: 7.2 million), downtown Chicago and its penumbra also stand rejuvenated.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Steve Jones, The Language of Genes, Flamingo, →ISBN, page xv:",
"text": "Some are accounts of the latest advances, but too many are in that weary penumbra of science inhabited by sociologists, who wander like children in a toyshop, playing with devices they scarcely understand.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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[
"fringe",
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],
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"(figuratively) An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe."
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{
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"word": "periphery"
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{
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"word": "outskirt"
}
],
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]
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "3 23 32 4 11 27",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "1 25 30 2 10 31",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 20 28 6 12 30",
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{
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{
"_dis": "3 23 32 4 10 28",
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},
{
"_dis": "4 24 31 5 10 25",
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}
],
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{
"ref": "1965, William O. Douglas, Griswold v. Connecticut, United States Reports, 381 U.S. 479",
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}
],
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"Something related to, connected to, and implied by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects."
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[
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[
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[
"implied",
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[
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[
"essential",
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[
"aspect",
"aspect"
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]
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"_dis": "5 24 26 5 10 31",
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{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "4 22 32 5 11 26",
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},
{
"_dis": "4 22 32 5 12 26",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 25 27 5 11 27",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 25 29 5 11 27",
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},
{
"_dis": "5 26 28 5 10 26",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 23 33 3 11 28",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 23 32 4 11 27",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 25 27 4 10 27",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 23 32 4 11 27",
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"name": "Terms with Nahuatl translations",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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{
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},
{
"_dis": "4 24 31 5 10 25",
"kind": "other",
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[
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[
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[
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[
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{
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
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{
"_dis1": "2 52 1 0 1 44",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
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"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
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"feminine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "2 52 1 0 1 44",
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"tags": [
"feminine"
],
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},
{
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"sense": "region around a sunspot",
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"masculine"
],
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},
{
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"code": "nn",
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],
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},
{
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"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 52 1 0 1 44",
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],
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}
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"word": "penumbra"
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{
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"Pages with 6 entries",
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"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
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"Terms with Greek translations",
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"Terms with Ido translations",
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"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Nahuatl translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
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"word": "penumbral"
}
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{
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"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"4": "",
"5": "almost"
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"expansion": "pēnumbra",
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"name": "monospace"
},
{
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},
"expansion": "umbra",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin pēnumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbræ",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
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"3": "penumbræ",
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"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"pen‧um‧bra"
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"categories": [
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],
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{
"ref": "2011, Galen C. Duree, Jr., Optics for Dummies, Wiley Publishing, Inc., published 2011, →ISBN, page 61:",
"text": "The other places see the penumbra of the moon's shadow fall on the earth, so the eclipse is partial, and part of the sun's disc is still visible.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Frank McLynn, Captain Cook: Master of the Seas, Yale University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 112:",
"text": "In the boiling temperature of 119 ° F – the hottest they had experienced so far – they watched as the penumbra of Venus blurred its outline at the precise moment the disc crossed the sun.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Michael A. Seeds, Dana E. Backman, Horizons: Exploring the Universe, Brooks/Cole, published 2012, →ISBN, page 37:",
"text": "The part of the moon that remains in the penumbra receives some direct sunlight, and the glare is usually great enough to prevent your seeing the faint coppery glow of the part of the moon in the umbra.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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],
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"shadow"
],
[
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"eclipse"
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{
"categories": [
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],
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],
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[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"sunspot",
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],
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],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
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]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Debraj Ray, Development Economics, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, pages 346–347:",
"text": "These firms or businesses are not illegal in the strict sense, but there is a shadowy penumbra within which they live, and it is often convenient for the government to look the other way.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Denis Farkasfalvy, Inspiration and Interpretation: A Theological Introduction to Sacred Scripture, The Catholic University of America Press, published 2010, →ISBN, page 188:",
"text": "[…] God chose to descend into the realm of human imperfection, where the light of truth is spare and must exist in the penumbra of partial knowledge mixed with partial ignorance.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Bill Schwartz, The White Man's World, Oxford University Press, published 2011, →ISBN, page 136:",
"text": "Unlike some of his contemporaries Parkes never implied that the Irish were close, in the racial hierarchy, to black, condemned to some racial penumbra, between black and white; but nor, given Catholic exclusion from the given traditions of his native radicalism, were the Irish white in the same way that he was.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
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[
"uncertainty",
"uncertainty"
],
[
"intermediacy",
"intermediacy"
],
[
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],
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"(figuratively) An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Bryan R. Wilson, The Noble Savages: The Primitive Origins of Charisma and Its Contemporary Survival, Quantum Books, published 1975, →ISBN, page 116:",
"text": "Whilst the orthodox, de-charismatized churches steadily lose influence and support and the new cults develop, in the religious penumbra there have persisted, during the last century, echoes of charisma.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1986, John McCormick, “Chicago Bounces Back”, in Newsweek, volume 108, page 42:",
"text": "But for all the expansionist energy of a metro area that sprawls from Wisconsin to Indiana (total population: 7.2 million), downtown Chicago and its penumbra also stand rejuvenated.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Steve Jones, The Language of Genes, Flamingo, →ISBN, page xv:",
"text": "Some are accounts of the latest advances, but too many are in that weary penumbra of science inhabited by sociologists, who wander like children in a toyshop, playing with devices they scarcely understand.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe."
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[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"fringe",
"fringe"
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],
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"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1965, William O. Douglas, Griswold v. Connecticut, United States Reports, 381 U.S. 479",
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}
],
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"Something related to, connected to, and implied by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects."
],
"links": [
[
"relate",
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[
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[
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[
"complete",
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[
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[
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[
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"qualifier": "preceded by \"ischaemic\"",
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],
"raw_tags": [
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"synonyms": [
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{
"sense": "area that lies on the edge of something",
"word": "periphery"
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{
"sense": "area that lies on the edge of something",
"word": "outskirt"
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{
"tags": [
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"rare"
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{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "halfskaduwee"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šibh ẓill",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "شِبْه ظِلّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kisastver",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "կիսաստվեր"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "ilunantz"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paŭcjénʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паўце́нь"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "polusjánka",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуся́нка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànyǐng",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polostín"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halfschaduw"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "duonombro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "puolivarjo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halbschatten"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paraskiá",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρασκιά"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פְּלַג צֵל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "félárnyék"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "miombro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"alt": "はんえい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "han'ei",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bon'geurimja",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본그림자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bonyeong",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본영"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "achicehualli"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "półcień"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbră"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poluténʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуте́нь"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polotieň"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "halvskugga"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ngao-muua",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "เงามัว"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pivtínʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "півті́нь"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Penumbra"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"penumbra"
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
Download raw JSONL data for penumbra meaning in English (15.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.