See penumbra on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for penumbra meaning in All languages combined (43.1kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "penumbral"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "pēnumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin pēnumbra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"4": "",
"5": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "umbra",
"3": "",
"4": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra"
},
"expansion": "pēnumbra",
"name": "monospace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paene"
},
"expansion": "paene",
"name": "monospace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "umbra"
},
"expansion": "umbra",
"name": "monospace"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin pēnumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbræ",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "penumbrae",
"3": "penumbræ",
"pl3qual": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "penumbra (plural penumbras or penumbrae or (obsolete) penumbræ)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧um‧bra"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Galen C. Duree, Jr., Optics for Dummies, Wiley Publishing, Inc., published 2011, page 61",
"text": "The other places see the penumbra of the moon's shadow fall on the earth, so the eclipse is partial, and part of the sun's disc is still visible.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Frank McLynn, Captain Cook: Master of the Seas, Yale University Press, published 2011, page 112",
"text": "In the boiling temperature of 119 ° F – the hottest they had experienced so far – they watched as the penumbra of Venus blurred its outline at the precise moment the disc crossed the sun.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Michael A. Seeds, Dana E. Backman, Horizons: Exploring the Universe, Brooks/Cole, published 2012, page 37",
"text": "The part of the moon that remains in the penumbra receives some direct sunlight, and the glare is usually great enough to prevent your seeing the faint coppery glow of the part of the moon in the umbra.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-2fq-9T5j",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "halfskaduwee"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šibh ẓill",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "شِبْه ظِلّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kisastver",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "կիսաստվեր"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "ilunantz"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paŭcjénʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паўце́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "polusjánka",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуся́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànyǐng",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polostín"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halfschaduw"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "duonombro"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "puolivarjo"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halbschatten"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paraskiá",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρασκιά"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פְּלַג צֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "félárnyék"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "miombro"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"alt": "はんえい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "han'ei",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bon'geurimja",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본그림자"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bonyeong",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본영"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "achicehualli"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "półcień"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbră"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poluténʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуте́нь"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polotieň"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "halvskugga"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ngao-muua",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "เงามัว"
},
{
"_dis1": "68 11 8 7 2 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pivtínʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "півті́нь"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Astronomy",
"orig": "en:Astronomy",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"Space",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 30 3 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-G~aea6TI",
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"sunspot",
"sunspot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 22 30 3 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Debraj Ray, Development Economics, Princeton University Press, pages 346–347",
"text": "These firms or businesses are not illegal in the strict sense, but there is a shadowy penumbra within which they live, and it is often convenient for the government to look the other way.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Denis Farkasfalvy, Inspiration and Interpretation: A Theological Introduction to Sacred Scripture, The Catholic University of America Press, published 2010, page 188",
"text": "[…] God chose to descend into the realm of human imperfection, where the light of truth is spare and must exist in the penumbra of partial knowledge mixed with partial ignorance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Bill Schwartz, The White Man's World, Oxford University Press, published 2011, page 136",
"text": "Unlike some of his contemporaries Parkes never implied that the Irish were close, in the racial hierarchy, to black, condemned to some racial penumbra, between black and white; but nor, given Catholic exclusion from the given traditions of his native radicalism, were the Irish white in the same way that he was.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-5qfJkdz3",
"links": [
[
"uncertainty",
"uncertainty"
],
[
"intermediacy",
"intermediacy"
],
[
"mutually exclusive",
"mutually exclusive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 2 74 11 1 4",
"sense": "area of uncertainty or intermediacy",
"word": "grey area"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Bryan R. Wilson, The Noble Savages: The Primitive Origins of Charisma and Its Contemporary Survival, Quantum Books, published 1975, page 116",
"text": "Whilst the orthodox, de-charismatized churches steadily lose influence and support and the new cults develop, in the religious penumbra there have persisted, during the last century, echoes of charisma.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1986, John McCormick, “Chicago Bounces Back”, in Newsweek, volume 108, page 42",
"text": "But for all the expansionist energy of a metro area that sprawls from Wisconsin to Indiana (total population: 7.2 million), downtown Chicago and its penumbra also stand rejuvenated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Steve Jones, The Language of Genes, Flamingo, page xv",
"text": "Some are accounts of the latest advances, but too many are in that weary penumbra of science inhabited by sociologists, who wander like children in a toyshop, playing with devices they scarcely understand.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-BNRfGhRX",
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"fringe",
"fringe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 6 4 83 0 2",
"sense": "area that lies on the edge of something",
"word": "periphery"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 6 4 83 0 2",
"sense": "area that lies on the edge of something",
"word": "outskirt"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 22 30 3 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1965, William O. Douglas, Griswold v. Connecticut, United States Reports, 381 U.S. 479",
"text": "The foregoing [United States Supreme Court] cases suggest that specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something related to, connected to, and implied by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-Uyx0-xAj",
"links": [
[
"relate",
"relate"
],
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"implied",
"imply"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"essential",
"essential"
],
[
"aspect",
"aspect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 22 30 3 13 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A region of the brain that has lost only some of its blood supply, and retains structural integrity but has lost function."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-en-noun-KUVLajwy",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"ischaemic",
"ischaemic"
],
[
"stroke",
"stroke"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"ischaemic\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, preceded by \"ischaemic\", after a stroke) A region of the brain that has lost only some of its blood supply, and retains structural integrity but has lost function."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a stroke"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈnʌm.bɹə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "pĭ-nŭm'brə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "pænumbra"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 50 3 0 1 44",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"penumbra"
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penumbra"
},
"expansion": "English penumbra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism (see English penumbra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbratta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbritta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penumbra",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penumbra",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "penumbr",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish koira-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"penumbra"
],
"id": "en-penumbra-fi-noun-aWzE9pzE",
"links": [
[
"penumbra",
"#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "part of a shadow",
"word": "puolivarjo"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpenumbrɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe̞numbrɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-enumbrɑ"
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnumbra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnumbra f (genitive pēnumbrae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "paenumbra"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "New Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of paenumbra."
],
"id": "en-penumbra-la-noun-spFE0MLv",
"links": [
[
"paenumbra",
"paenumbra#Latin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) Alternative form of paenumbra."
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peːˈnum.bra/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnʊmbrä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnum.bra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnumbrä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "penumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin penumbra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"t": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "umbra",
"t": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin penumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penumbra f (plural penumbras)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧num‧bra"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"situation of low light"
],
"id": "en-penumbra-pt-noun-dtxo-NwK",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnũ.bɾɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnũ.bɾɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnũ.bɾa/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnũ.bɾɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "penumbra f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penumbră"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite nominative/accusative singular of penumbră"
],
"id": "en-penumbra-ro-noun-F~t2uia9",
"links": [
[
"penumbră",
"penumbră#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "penumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin penumbra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"4": "",
"5": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "umbra",
"3": "",
"4": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin penumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penumbra f (plural penumbras)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧num‧bra"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 25 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The room was immersed in a disturbing half-light.",
"ref": "2010 April, Joaquín Londáiz Montiel, Crónicas de la Atlántida, Montena, page 31",
"text": "La estancia se encontraba sumida en una inquietante penumbra.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"half-light"
],
"id": "en-penumbra-es-noun-NAywjlHB",
"links": [
[
"half-light",
"half-light"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1926, Federico García Lorca, Oda a salvador Dalí",
"roman": "señalan el esquema perfecto de sus órbitas.",
"text": "El mundo tiene sordas penumbras y desorden,\nen los primeros términos que el humano frecuenta.\nPero ya las estrellas ocultando paisajes,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow, shade"
],
"id": "en-penumbra-es-noun-SWG7D2EE",
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"penumbra"
],
"id": "en-penumbra-es-noun-aWzE9pzE",
"links": [
[
"penumbra",
"penumbra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnumbɾa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnũm.bɾa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umbɾa"
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from New Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from New Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "penumbral"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "pēnumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin pēnumbra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"4": "",
"5": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "umbra",
"3": "",
"4": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra"
},
"expansion": "pēnumbra",
"name": "monospace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "paene"
},
"expansion": "paene",
"name": "monospace"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "umbra"
},
"expansion": "umbra",
"name": "monospace"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin pēnumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbræ",
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "penumbrae",
"3": "penumbræ",
"pl3qual": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "penumbra (plural penumbras or penumbrae or (obsolete) penumbræ)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pen‧um‧bra"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2011, Galen C. Duree, Jr., Optics for Dummies, Wiley Publishing, Inc., published 2011, page 61",
"text": "The other places see the penumbra of the moon's shadow fall on the earth, so the eclipse is partial, and part of the sun's disc is still visible.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Frank McLynn, Captain Cook: Master of the Seas, Yale University Press, published 2011, page 112",
"text": "In the boiling temperature of 119 ° F – the hottest they had experienced so far – they watched as the penumbra of Venus blurred its outline at the precise moment the disc crossed the sun.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Michael A. Seeds, Dana E. Backman, Horizons: Exploring the Universe, Brooks/Cole, published 2012, page 37",
"text": "The part of the moon that remains in the penumbra receives some direct sunlight, and the glare is usually great enough to prevent your seeing the faint coppery glow of the part of the moon in the umbra.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse."
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"eclipse",
"eclipse"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Astronomy"
],
"glosses": [
"A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot."
],
"links": [
[
"astronomy",
"astronomy"
],
[
"sunspot",
"sunspot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(astronomy) A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot."
],
"topics": [
"astronomy",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1998, Debraj Ray, Development Economics, Princeton University Press, pages 346–347",
"text": "These firms or businesses are not illegal in the strict sense, but there is a shadowy penumbra within which they live, and it is often convenient for the government to look the other way.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Denis Farkasfalvy, Inspiration and Interpretation: A Theological Introduction to Sacred Scripture, The Catholic University of America Press, published 2010, page 188",
"text": "[…] God chose to descend into the realm of human imperfection, where the light of truth is spare and must exist in the penumbra of partial knowledge mixed with partial ignorance.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2011, Bill Schwartz, The White Man's World, Oxford University Press, published 2011, page 136",
"text": "Unlike some of his contemporaries Parkes never implied that the Irish were close, in the racial hierarchy, to black, condemned to some racial penumbra, between black and white; but nor, given Catholic exclusion from the given traditions of his native radicalism, were the Irish white in the same way that he was.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"links": [
[
"uncertainty",
"uncertainty"
],
[
"intermediacy",
"intermediacy"
],
[
"mutually exclusive",
"mutually exclusive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An area of uncertainty or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1975, Bryan R. Wilson, The Noble Savages: The Primitive Origins of Charisma and Its Contemporary Survival, Quantum Books, published 1975, page 116",
"text": "Whilst the orthodox, de-charismatized churches steadily lose influence and support and the new cults develop, in the religious penumbra there have persisted, during the last century, echoes of charisma.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1986, John McCormick, “Chicago Bounces Back”, in Newsweek, volume 108, page 42",
"text": "But for all the expansionist energy of a metro area that sprawls from Wisconsin to Indiana (total population: 7.2 million), downtown Chicago and its penumbra also stand rejuvenated.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Steve Jones, The Language of Genes, Flamingo, page xv",
"text": "Some are accounts of the latest advances, but too many are in that weary penumbra of science inhabited by sociologists, who wander like children in a toyshop, playing with devices they scarcely understand.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe."
],
"links": [
[
"edge",
"edge"
],
[
"fringe",
"fringe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1965, William O. Douglas, Griswold v. Connecticut, United States Reports, 381 U.S. 479",
"text": "The foregoing [United States Supreme Court] cases suggest that specific guarantees in the Bill of Rights have penumbras, formed by emanations from those guarantees that help give them life and substance."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something related to, connected to, and implied by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects."
],
"links": [
[
"relate",
"relate"
],
[
"connect",
"connect"
],
[
"implied",
"imply"
],
[
"complete",
"complete"
],
[
"essential",
"essential"
],
[
"aspect",
"aspect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"A region of the brain that has lost only some of its blood supply, and retains structural integrity but has lost function."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"ischaemic",
"ischaemic"
],
[
"stroke",
"stroke"
],
[
"blood",
"blood"
]
],
"qualifier": "preceded by \"ischaemic\"",
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine, preceded by \"ischaemic\", after a stroke) A region of the brain that has lost only some of its blood supply, and retains structural integrity but has lost function."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after a stroke"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pəˈnʌm.bɹə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-penumbra.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "pĭ-nŭm'brə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "area of uncertainty or intermediacy",
"word": "grey area"
},
{
"sense": "area that lies on the edge of something",
"word": "periphery"
},
{
"sense": "area that lies on the edge of something",
"word": "outskirt"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"rare"
],
"word": "pænumbra"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "halfskaduwee"
},
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "šibh ẓill",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "شِبْه ظِلّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kisastver",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "կիսաստվեր"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "ilunantz"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "paŭcjénʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "паўце́нь"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "polusjánka",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуся́нка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bànyǐng",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polostín"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halfschaduw"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "duonombro"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "puolivarjo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Halbschatten"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "paraskiá",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "παρασκιά"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "פְּלַג צֵל"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "félárnyék"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "miombro"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penombra"
},
{
"alt": "はんえい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "han'ei",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "半影"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bon'geurimja",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본그림자"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bonyeong",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "본영"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "nah",
"lang": "Nahuatl",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "achicehualli"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "półcień"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbră"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poluténʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "полуте́нь"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "polotieň"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "halvskugga"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "ngao-muua",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"word": "เงามัว"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "pivtínʹ",
"sense": "partially shaded area around a shadow, especially an eclipse",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "півті́нь"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pénombre"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Penumbra"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "penumbra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "region around a sunspot",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"penumbra"
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "penumbra"
},
"expansion": "English penumbra",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism (see English penumbra).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrat",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbran",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrain",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbria",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralle",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrana",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbratta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbritta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "10/koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrakseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbramme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrainne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrananne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-koira",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbransa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrainsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"rare"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrassansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrastansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbristansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbralleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrallensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbranansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrakseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbraksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbriksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrattansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "penumbrinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "penumbra",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "penumbra",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "penumbr",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a"
},
"name": "fi-decl-koira"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 3-syllable words",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish internationalisms",
"Finnish koira-type nominals",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish nouns",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Finnish/enumbrɑ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/enumbrɑ/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"penumbra"
],
"links": [
[
"penumbra",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpenumbrɑ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpe̞numbrɑ̝]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-enumbrɑ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "part of a shadow",
"word": "puolivarjo"
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "pēnumbra",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pēnumbrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra<1>"
},
"expansion": "pēnumbra f (genitive pēnumbrae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pēnumbra<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "paenumbra"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"New Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of paenumbra."
],
"links": [
[
"paenumbra",
"paenumbra#Latin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(New Latin) Alternative form of paenumbra."
],
"tags": [
"New-Latin",
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peːˈnum.bra/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[peːˈnʊmbrä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnum.bra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnumbrä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "penumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin penumbra",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"t": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "umbra",
"t": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin penumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penumbra f (plural penumbras)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧num‧bra"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from New Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from New Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"situation of low light"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnũ.bɾɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnũ.bɾɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/peˈnũ.bɾa/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɨˈnũ.bɾɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "penumbra f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian non-lemma forms",
"Romanian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "penumbră"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite nominative/accusative singular of penumbră"
],
"links": [
[
"penumbră",
"penumbră#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/umbɾa",
"Rhymes:Spanish/umbɾa/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms derived from New Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "NL.",
"3": "penumbra"
},
"expansion": "New Latin penumbra",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "paene",
"4": "",
"5": "almost"
},
"expansion": "Latin paene (“almost”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "umbra",
"3": "",
"4": "shadow"
},
"expansion": "umbra (“shadow”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From New Latin penumbra, from Latin paene (“almost”) + umbra (“shadow”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "penumbras",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "penumbra f (plural penumbras)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pe‧num‧bra"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Spanish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The room was immersed in a disturbing half-light.",
"ref": "2010 April, Joaquín Londáiz Montiel, Crónicas de la Atlántida, Montena, page 31",
"text": "La estancia se encontraba sumida en una inquietante penumbra.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"half-light"
],
"links": [
[
"half-light",
"half-light"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of Spanish quotations",
"Spanish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1926, Federico García Lorca, Oda a salvador Dalí",
"roman": "señalan el esquema perfecto de sus órbitas.",
"text": "El mundo tiene sordas penumbras y desorden,\nen los primeros términos que el humano frecuenta.\nPero ya las estrellas ocultando paisajes,",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"shadow, shade"
],
"links": [
[
"shadow",
"shadow"
],
[
"shade",
"shade"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"penumbra"
],
"links": [
[
"penumbra",
"penumbra#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/peˈnumbɾa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[peˈnũm.bɾa]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-umbɾa"
}
],
"word": "penumbra"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.