See kulak in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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"3": "кула́к",
"4": "",
"5": "wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person"
},
"expansion": "Russian кула́к (kulák, “wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "раскула́чивание",
"3": "",
"4": "dekulakization"
},
"expansion": "Russian раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “dekulakization”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1877. From Russian кула́к (kulák, “wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person”), plural кулаки́ (kulakí). Compare also Russian раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “dekulakization”), подкула́чник (podkuláčnik, “subkulak”).",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "anarcho-kulak"
},
{
"word": "kulakism"
},
{
"word": "kulakize"
},
{
"word": "kulakise"
},
{
"word": "kulakisation"
},
{
"word": "kulakization"
},
{
"word": "dekulakise"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakise"
},
{
"word": "dekulakize"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakize"
},
{
"word": "dekulakisation"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakisation"
},
{
"word": "dekulakization"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakization"
},
{
"word": "self-dekulakisation"
},
{
"word": "self-dekulakization"
},
{
"word": "subkulak"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002 Sep, Christopher Hitchens, “Martin Amis: Lightness at Midnight”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "The “internal organs,” as the CHEKA and the GPU and the KGB used to style themselves, were asked to police the mind for heresy as much as to torture kulaks to relinquish the food they withheld from the cities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 February 6, Nick Gillespie, “To the Barricades, Brooklyn Yuppies!”, in The Dailey Beast, retrieved 20150206:",
"text": "We are the “upper middle class”, the new kulaks whose antisocial self-interest and lack of submission to the aims of the revolutionary vanguard must be extinguished.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers."
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "employer [⇒ thesaurus]"
},
{
"word": "landlord"
},
{
"word": "petit bourgeois"
}
],
"id": "en-kulak-en-noun-PUF-c9ui",
"links": [
[
"prosperous",
"prosperous"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kurkul"
},
{
"word": "koulak"
},
{
"word": "kulack"
},
{
"word": "Kulak"
}
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "koelak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kūlāk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كُولَاك"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qūlāq",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قُولَاق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "կուլակ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kurkúlʹ",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "курку́ль"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "富農"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùnóng",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "富农"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koelak"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulakki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koulak"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳulaḳi",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "კულაკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kulak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kulakin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koulákos",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κουλάκος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "קולאק"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kūlāk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "कूलाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुलक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulák"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulakka"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurāku",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "クラーク"
},
{
"alt": "ふのう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "funō",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "富農"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kullakeu",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "쿨라크"
},
{
"alt": "富農",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bunong",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "부농"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "budzis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulaks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "buožė"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulakas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kulāk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुलाक"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulakk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulakk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kulâk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "کولاک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kułak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "culac"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiabur"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kurkúlʹ",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "курку́ль"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "term used during collectivisation",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kurkúlʹ",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"offensive"
],
"word": "курку́ль"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "original term",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "quloq"
},
{
"alt": "富農",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "phú nông"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "cu-lắc"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kulak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːlak/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-kulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkulæk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"word": "kulak"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"tr:Agriculture",
"tr:People",
"tr:Soviet Union"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "anarcho-kulak"
},
{
"word": "kulakism"
},
{
"word": "kulakize"
},
{
"word": "kulakise"
},
{
"word": "kulakisation"
},
{
"word": "kulakization"
},
{
"word": "dekulakise"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakise"
},
{
"word": "dekulakize"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakize"
},
{
"word": "dekulakisation"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakisation"
},
{
"word": "dekulakization"
},
{
"word": "de-kulakization"
},
{
"word": "self-dekulakisation"
},
{
"word": "self-dekulakization"
},
{
"word": "subkulak"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кула́к",
"4": "",
"5": "wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person"
},
"expansion": "Russian кула́к (kulák, “wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "раскула́чивание",
"3": "",
"4": "dekulakization"
},
"expansion": "Russian раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “dekulakization”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "1877. From Russian кула́к (kulák, “wealthy peasant; fist; tight-fisted person”), plural кулаки́ (kulakí). Compare also Russian раскула́чивание (raskuláčivanije, “dekulakization”), подкула́чник (podkuláčnik, “subkulak”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulaks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulaki",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "kulaki"
},
"expansion": "kulak (plural kulaks or kulaki)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"word": "employer [⇒ thesaurus]"
},
{
"word": "landlord"
},
{
"word": "petit bourgeois"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Kalmyk terms with redundant script codes",
"Kazakh terms with redundant script codes",
"Kyrgyz terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Mongolian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian terms with redundant script codes",
"Tajik terms with redundant script codes",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kalmyk translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Kyrgyz translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Nogai translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Turkmen translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"en:Agriculture",
"en:People",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002 Sep, Christopher Hitchens, “Martin Amis: Lightness at Midnight”, in The Atlantic:",
"text": "The “internal organs,” as the CHEKA and the GPU and the KGB used to style themselves, were asked to police the mind for heresy as much as to torture kulaks to relinquish the food they withheld from the cities.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2015 February 6, Nick Gillespie, “To the Barricades, Brooklyn Yuppies!”, in The Dailey Beast, retrieved 20150206:",
"text": "We are the “upper middle class”, the new kulaks whose antisocial self-interest and lack of submission to the aims of the revolutionary vanguard must be extinguished.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers."
],
"links": [
[
"prosperous",
"prosperous"
],
[
"peasant",
"peasant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"kulak"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkuːlak/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-kulak.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-kulak.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkulæk/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kurkul"
},
{
"word": "koulak"
},
{
"word": "kulack"
},
{
"word": "Kulak"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "koelak"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kūlāk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "كُولَاك"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qūlāq",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "قُولَاق"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "կուլակ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "kurkúlʹ",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "курку́ль"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "富農"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fùnóng",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "富农"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koelak"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulakki"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "koulak"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳulaḳi",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "კულაკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Kulak"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kulakin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "koulákos",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κουλάκος"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "קולאק"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kūlāk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "कूलाक"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुलक"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulák"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulakka"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kurāku",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "クラーク"
},
{
"alt": "ふのう",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "funō",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "富農"
},
{
"code": "xal",
"lang": "Kalmyk",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kullakeu",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "쿨라크"
},
{
"alt": "富農",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bunong",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "부농"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "budzis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulaks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "buožė"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulakas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "kulāk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "कुलाक"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "nog",
"lang": "Nogai",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulakk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulakk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "kulâk",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "کولاک"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kułak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "culac"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chiabur"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kurkúlʹ",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "курку́ль"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "kulak",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "кулак"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "term used during collectivisation",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kurkúlʹ",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"offensive"
],
"word": "курку́ль"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"english": "original term",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kulák",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кула́к"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "kulak"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "quloq"
},
{
"alt": "富農",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "phú nông"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "prosperous peasant",
"word": "cu-lắc"
}
],
"word": "kulak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kulak meaning in English (12.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.