See kestrel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco sparverius",
"word": "American kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco zoniventris",
"word": "banded kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "common kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco dickinsoni",
"word": "Dickinson's kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco alopex",
"word": "fox kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco rupicoloides",
"word": "greater kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco ardosiaceus",
"word": "grey kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco naumanni",
"word": "lesser kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco newtoni",
"word": "Malagasy kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco punctatus",
"word": "Mauritius kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco cenchroides",
"word": "Nankeen kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco araeus",
"word": "Seychelles kestrel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"taxonomic": "Falco moluccensis",
"word": "spotted kestrel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "castrel",
"4": "",
"5": "staniel, bird of prey"
},
"expansion": "Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cresserelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cresserelle",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "clisterella",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin clisterella f",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "crécerelle",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "French crécerelle f",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "castariello",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan castariello m",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*crepicella"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crepicella",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "craken",
"4": "crāken",
"5": "to creak, crack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*krakōn",
"4": "",
"5": "to crack, creak, emit a cry"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krakōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krakōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krakōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to emit a cry, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krahhōn",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a sound, crash"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cracian",
"3": "",
"4": "to resound"
},
"expansion": "Old English cracian (“to resound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "craquer",
"3": "",
"4": "to emit a repeated cry, used of birds"
},
"expansion": "French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”), from Middle French cresserelle, crecerelle (“bird of prey”), usually assumed to be from crecelle (“rattle, wooden reel”) (modern crécelle), of obscure origin.\nCognates possibly include: Medieval Latin clisterella f, French crécerelle f and cristel m, Neapolitan castariello m and crestariello m, all sharing the same meaning.\nDerivation from the assumed Vulgar Latin *crepicella, *crepitacillum, a diminutive of crepitāculum, from crepitāre (“to crackle”) is difficult to explain from a morphological point of view.\nInstead, possibly from a root *krek-, *krak- (“to crack, rattle, creak, emit a bird cry”), from Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”), from Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”). Cognate with Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”), Old English cracian (“to resound”), French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”). More at creak, crack.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kestrels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "kestrel (plural kestrels)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
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"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Falconids",
"orig": "en:Falconids",
"parents": [
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"Birds",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, book 3 chapter 6:",
"text": "When she was musing she was a kestrel, which hangs in the air by an invisible motion of its wings.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1917, John Masefield, Up on the Downs:",
"text": "Up on the downs the red-eyed kestrels hover,\nEyeing the grass.\nThe field mouse flits like a shadow into cover\nAs their shadows pass.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting."
],
"id": "en-kestrel-en-noun-QqAtPS4F",
"links": [
[
"falcon",
"falcon"
],
[
"Falco",
"Falco"
],
[
"hover",
"hover"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "valk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falc'hun"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sokol",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокол"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcó"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poštolka"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falko"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smyril"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "jalohaukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "haukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crécerelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cristel"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcon"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcón"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tartaraña"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Falke"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kirkinézi",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κιρκινέζι"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kérkhnē",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κέρχνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "vércse"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fálki"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "haukur"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "valur"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falkono"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pocaire gaoithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falco"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcone"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falchetto"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "bụhụr",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "بٕہٕر"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "bụhạr",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "بٕۂر"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "shAheen",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "شاھین"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcon"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falco"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Falk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokoł"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "Kréchel"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sokol",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокол"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "dmw",
"lang": "Mudburra",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "dirdila"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "castariello"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crestariello"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "hauk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokół"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcão"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falkono"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "creivel"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falcun"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pustelʹgá",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "пустельга́"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "speireag ruadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Bosnia",
"Cyrillic",
"Serbia",
"masculine"
],
"word": "соко"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Croatia",
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокол"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Bosnia",
"Roman",
"Serbia",
"masculine"
],
"word": "soko"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Croatia",
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokol"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokol"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sokol"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cernícalo"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "kerkenez"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sokil",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокіл"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sapsan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сапсан"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokoł"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cudyll"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "cudyllod"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 19",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falk"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "55 45",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus."
],
"id": "en-kestrel-en-noun-ujCuoSHd",
"links": [
[
"common kestrel",
"common kestrel"
],
[
"Falco tinnunculus",
"Falco tinnunculus#Translingual"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "common kestrel",
"word": "windhover"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"sense": "common kestrel",
"word": "staniel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "boʕemira",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic"
],
"word": "بوعميرة"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "peñerina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "aviquina"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "peñereru"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zvyčajnaha pustalʹha",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "звычайнага пустальга"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "falc’hun logotaer"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "černošipa vetruška",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "черношипа ветрушка"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kerkenez",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "керкенез"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xoriguer"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xoriguer gros"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xoriguer comú"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "紅鷹"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "âng-eng",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "红鹰"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "tê-chún",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "茶隼"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "紅隼"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngzhǔn",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "红隼"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cházhǔn",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "茶隼"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "紅鷹"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngyīng",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "红鹰"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poštolka obecná"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tårnfalk"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torenvalk"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "turfalko"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "kestrelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tuuletallaja"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grýtissmyril"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornfalkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tuulihaukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faucon crécerelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crécerelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lagarteiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peneireiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Turmfalke"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vrachokirkínezo",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "βραχοκιρκίνεζο"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kérkhnē",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κέρχνη"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "vörös vércse"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "turnfálki"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bod gaoithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bodaire gaoithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pocaire gaoithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pocaire gaoithe coiteann"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seabhac buí"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seabhac gaoithe"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gheppio"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwangjorong'i",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "황조롱이"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tinnunculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lauku piekūns"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lauka piekūns"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peļu vanadziņš"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "pelėsakalis"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "castariello"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tårnfalk"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dalije",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "دلیجه"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pustułka"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peneireiro-vulgar"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vindereu"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vânturel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Rumantsch-Grischun",
"Sursilvan",
"Sutsilvan"
],
"word": "crivel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Surmiran",
"masculine"
],
"word": "creivel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Vallander",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cribel"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Sursilvan",
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcun"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Surmiran",
"feminine"
],
"word": "feila l'ora"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Vallander",
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcun brün"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Vallander",
"masculine"
],
"word": "filadè"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Vallander",
"feminine"
],
"word": "battalaura"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pustelʹgá obyknovénnaja",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пустельга́ обыкнове́нная"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pustelʹgá",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пустельга́"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clamhan ruadh"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "sokol myšiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "navádna postôvka"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cernícalo común"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tornfalk"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nāmavācakaṁ",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "నామవాచకం"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "bayağı kerkenez"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "boryviter",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "боривітер"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "postilʹha",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "постільга"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "chim cắt"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cressale"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "cudyll coch"
},
{
"_dis1": "42 58",
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "reade wikel"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛstɹəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-kestrel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛstɹəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kestrel"
],
"word": "kestrel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Old Dutch",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Albanian translations",
"Requests for review of Basque translations",
"Requests for review of Friulian translations",
"Requests for review of Ladin translations",
"Requests for review of Lithuanian translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Maltese translations",
"Requests for review of Norman translations",
"Requests for review of Occitan translations",
"Requests for review of Sardinian translations",
"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Requests for review of Upper Sorbian translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɛstɹəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɛstɹəl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Faroese translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Friulian translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hokkien translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Kashmiri translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Ladin translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Low German translations",
"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Luxembourgish translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maltese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations",
"Terms with Mudburra translations",
"Terms with Neapolitan translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romani translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Romansch translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Telugu translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Walloon translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations",
"Terms with West Frisian translations",
"en:Falconids"
],
"derived": [
{
"taxonomic": "Falco sparverius",
"word": "American kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco zoniventris",
"word": "banded kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "common kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco dickinsoni",
"word": "Dickinson's kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco alopex",
"word": "fox kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco rupicoloides",
"word": "greater kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco ardosiaceus",
"word": "grey kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco naumanni",
"word": "lesser kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco newtoni",
"word": "Malagasy kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco punctatus",
"word": "Mauritius kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco cenchroides",
"word": "Nankeen kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco araeus",
"word": "Seychelles kestrel"
},
{
"taxonomic": "Falco moluccensis",
"word": "spotted kestrel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "castrel",
"4": "",
"5": "staniel, bird of prey"
},
"expansion": "Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "cresserelle"
},
"expansion": "Middle French cresserelle",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "clisterella",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin clisterella f",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "crécerelle",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "French crécerelle f",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "castariello",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan castariello m",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*crepicella"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *crepicella",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "craken",
"4": "crāken",
"5": "to creak, crack"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*krakōn",
"4": "",
"5": "to crack, creak, emit a cry"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*krakōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *krakōn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krakōną",
"4": "",
"5": "to emit a cry, shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gerg-",
"4": "",
"5": "to shout"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "krahhōn",
"3": "",
"4": "to make a sound, crash"
},
"expansion": "Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cracian",
"3": "",
"4": "to resound"
},
"expansion": "Old English cracian (“to resound”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "craquer",
"3": "",
"4": "to emit a repeated cry, used of birds"
},
"expansion": "French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”), from Middle French cresserelle, crecerelle (“bird of prey”), usually assumed to be from crecelle (“rattle, wooden reel”) (modern crécelle), of obscure origin.\nCognates possibly include: Medieval Latin clisterella f, French crécerelle f and cristel m, Neapolitan castariello m and crestariello m, all sharing the same meaning.\nDerivation from the assumed Vulgar Latin *crepicella, *crepitacillum, a diminutive of crepitāculum, from crepitāre (“to crackle”) is difficult to explain from a morphological point of view.\nInstead, possibly from a root *krek-, *krak- (“to crack, rattle, creak, emit a bird cry”), from Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”), from Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”). Cognate with Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”), Old English cracian (“to resound”), French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”). More at creak, crack.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kestrels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kestrel (plural kestrels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, book 3 chapter 6:",
"text": "When she was musing she was a kestrel, which hangs in the air by an invisible motion of its wings.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1917, John Masefield, Up on the Downs:",
"text": "Up on the downs the red-eyed kestrels hover,\nEyeing the grass.\nThe field mouse flits like a shadow into cover\nAs their shadows pass.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting."
],
"links": [
[
"falcon",
"falcon"
],
[
"Falco",
"Falco"
],
[
"hover",
"hover"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus."
],
"links": [
[
"common kestrel",
"common kestrel"
],
[
"Falco tinnunculus",
"Falco tinnunculus#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛstɹəl/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-kestrel.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛstɹəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "common kestrel",
"word": "windhover"
},
{
"sense": "common kestrel",
"word": "staniel"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "valk"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falc'hun"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sokol",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокол"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcó"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poštolka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "valk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falko"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falkur"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "smyril"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "jalohaukka"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "haukka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crécerelle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cristel"
},
{
"code": "fur",
"lang": "Friulian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcon"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcón"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tartaraña"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Falke"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kirkinézi",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κιρκινέζι"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kérkhnē",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κέρχνη"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "vércse"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fálki"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "haukur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "valur"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falkono"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pocaire gaoithe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falco"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcone"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falchetto"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "bụhụr",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "بٕہٕر"
},
{
"code": "ks",
"lang": "Kashmiri",
"roman": "bụhạr",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "بٕۂر"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "shAheen",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "شاھین"
},
{
"code": "lld",
"lang": "Ladin",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcon"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falco"
},
{
"code": "nds",
"lang": "Low German",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Falk"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokoł"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "Kréchel"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sokol",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокол"
},
{
"code": "dmw",
"lang": "Mudburra",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "dirdila"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "castariello"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "crestariello"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falk"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "hauk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokół"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcão"
},
{
"code": "rom",
"lang": "Romani",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falkono"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "creivel"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "falcun"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pustelʹgá",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "пустельга́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "speireag ruadh"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Bosnia",
"Cyrillic",
"Serbia",
"masculine"
],
"word": "соко"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Croatia",
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокол"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Bosnia",
"Roman",
"Serbia",
"masculine"
],
"word": "soko"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"Croatia",
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokol"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokol"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sokol"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cernícalo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "falk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"word": "kerkenez"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sokil",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сокіл"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "sapsan",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сапсан"
},
{
"code": "hsb",
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sokoł"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cudyll"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "cudyllod"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "any small falcon of genus Falco",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falk"
},
{
"code": "ary",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "boʕemira",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Moroccan-Arabic"
],
"word": "بوعميرة"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "peñerina"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "aviquina"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "peñereru"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "zvyčajnaha pustalʹha",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "звычайнага пустальга"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "falc’hun logotaer"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "černošipa vetruška",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "черношипа ветрушка"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kerkenez",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "керкенез"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xoriguer"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xoriguer gros"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "xoriguer comú"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "紅鷹"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "âng-eng",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "红鹰"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "tê-chún",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "茶隼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "紅隼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngzhǔn",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "红隼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "cházhǔn",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "茶隼"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "紅鷹"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "hóngyīng",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "红鹰"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "poštolka obecná"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tårnfalk"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "torenvalk"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "turfalko"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "kestrelo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tuuletallaja"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grýtissmyril"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tornfalkur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tuulihaukka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "faucon crécerelle"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "crécerelle"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lagarteiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peneireiro"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Turmfalke"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vrachokirkínezo",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "βραχοκιρκίνεζο"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kérkhnē",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "κέρχνη"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "vörös vércse"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "turnfálki"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bod gaoithe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bodaire gaoithe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pocaire gaoithe"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pocaire gaoithe coiteann"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seabhac buí"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "seabhac gaoithe"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gheppio"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "hwangjorong'i",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "황조롱이"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tinnunculus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lauku piekūns"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "lauka piekūns"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peļu vanadziņš"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "pelėsakalis"
},
{
"code": "nap",
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "castariello"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "tårnfalk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "dalije",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "دلیجه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pustułka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "peneireiro-vulgar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vindereu"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vânturel"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Rumantsch-Grischun",
"Sursilvan",
"Sutsilvan"
],
"word": "crivel"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Surmiran",
"masculine"
],
"word": "creivel"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Vallander",
"masculine"
],
"word": "cribel"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Sursilvan",
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcun"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Surmiran",
"feminine"
],
"word": "feila l'ora"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Vallander",
"masculine"
],
"word": "falcun brün"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Vallander",
"masculine"
],
"word": "filadè"
},
{
"code": "rm",
"lang": "Romansch",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"Vallander",
"feminine"
],
"word": "battalaura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pustelʹgá obyknovénnaja",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пустельга́ обыкнове́нная"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pustelʹgá",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пустельга́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "clamhan ruadh"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "sokol myšiar"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "navádna postôvka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cernícalo común"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "tornfalk"
},
{
"code": "te",
"lang": "Telugu",
"roman": "nāmavācakaṁ",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "నామవాచకం"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "bayağı kerkenez"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "boryviter",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "боривітер"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "postilʹha",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "постільга"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "chim cắt"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cressale"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "cudyll coch"
},
{
"code": "fy",
"lang": "West Frisian",
"sense": "Falco tinnunculus",
"word": "reade wikel"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"kestrel"
],
"word": "kestrel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kestrel meaning in English (25.9kB)
{
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with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Kashmiri translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Luxembourgish translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Mudburra translations\", \"Terms with Neapolitan translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romani translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Romansch translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"en:Falconids\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Falco sparverius\", \"word\": \"American kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco zoniventris\", \"word\": \"banded kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"common kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco dickinsoni\", \"word\": \"Dickinson's kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco alopex\", \"word\": \"fox kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco rupicoloides\", \"word\": \"greater kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco ardosiaceus\", \"word\": \"grey kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco naumanni\", \"word\": \"lesser kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco newtoni\", \"word\": \"Malagasy kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco punctatus\", \"word\": \"Mauritius kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco cenchroides\", \"word\": \"Nankeen kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco araeus\", \"word\": \"Seychelles kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco moluccensis\", \"word\": \"spotted kestrel\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"castrel\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"staniel, bird of prey\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"cresserelle\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French cresserelle\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ML.\", \"2\": \"clisterella\", \"g\": \"f\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin clisterella f\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"crécerelle\", \"g\": \"f\"}, \"expansion\": \"French crécerelle f\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nap\", \"2\": \"castariello\", \"g\": \"m\"}, \"expansion\": \"Neapolitan castariello m\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"VL.\", \"2\": \"*crepicella\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin *crepicella\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"dum\", \"3\": \"craken\", \"4\": \"crāken\", \"5\": \"to creak, crack\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"odt\", \"3\": \"*krakōn\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to crack, creak, emit a cry\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*krakōn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *krakōn\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*krakōną\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to emit a cry, shout\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gerg-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to shout\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"goh\", \"2\": \"krahhōn\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to make a sound, crash\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"cracian\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to resound\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cracian (“to resound”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"craquer\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to emit a repeated cry, used of birds\"}, \"expansion\": \"French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”), from Middle French cresserelle, crecerelle (“bird of prey”), usually assumed to be from crecelle (“rattle, wooden reel”) (modern crécelle), of obscure origin.\\nCognates possibly include: Medieval Latin clisterella f, French crécerelle f and cristel m, Neapolitan castariello m and crestariello m, all sharing the same meaning.\\nDerivation from the assumed Vulgar Latin *crepicella, *crepitacillum, a diminutive of crepitāculum, from crepitāre (“to crackle”) is difficult to explain from a morphological point of view.\\nInstead, possibly from a root *krek-, *krak- (“to crack, rattle, creak, emit a bird cry”), from Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”), from Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”). Cognate with Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”), Old English cracian (“to resound”), French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”). More at creak, crack.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"kestrels\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"kestrel (plural kestrels)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, book 3 chapter 6:\", \"text\": \"When she was musing she was a kestrel, which hangs in the air by an invisible motion of its wings.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, John Masefield, Up on the Downs:\", \"text\": \"Up on the downs the red-eyed kestrels hover,\\nEyeing the grass.\\nThe field mouse flits like a shadow into cover\\nAs their shadows pass.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting.\"], \"links\": [[\"falcon\", \"falcon\"], [\"Falco\", \"Falco\"], [\"hover\", \"hover\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus.\"], \"links\": [[\"common kestrel\", \"common kestrel\"], [\"Falco tinnunculus\", \"Falco tinnunculus#Translingual\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈkɛstɹəl/\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-kestrel.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛstɹəl\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"common kestrel\", \"word\": \"windhover\"}, {\"sense\": \"common kestrel\", \"word\": \"staniel\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"valk\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falc'hun\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sokol\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокол\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcó\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"poštolka\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"valk\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falko\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falkur\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"smyril\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"jalohaukka\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"haukka\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"crécerelle\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cristel\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcon\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcón\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tartaraña\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Falke\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"kirkinézi\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"κιρκινέζι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"kérkhnē\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"κέρχνη\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"vércse\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fálki\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"haukur\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"valur\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falkono\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pocaire gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falco\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcone\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falchetto\"}, {\"code\": \"ks\", \"lang\": \"Kashmiri\", \"roman\": \"bụhụr\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"بٕہٕر\"}, {\"code\": \"ks\", \"lang\": \"Kashmiri\", \"roman\": \"bụhạr\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"بٕۂر\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"shAheen\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"شاھین\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcon\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falco\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Falk\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokoł\"}, {\"code\": \"lb\", \"lang\": \"Luxembourgish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"Kréchel\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"sokol\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокол\"}, {\"code\": \"dmw\", \"lang\": \"Mudburra\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"dirdila\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"castariello\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"crestariello\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"hauk\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokół\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcão\"}, {\"code\": \"rom\", \"lang\": \"Romani\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falkono\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"creivel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falcun\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pustelʹgá\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"пустельга́\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"speireag ruadh\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Bosnia\", \"Cyrillic\", \"Serbia\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"соко\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Croatia\", \"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокол\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Bosnia\", \"Roman\", \"Serbia\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"soko\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Croatia\", \"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokol\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokol\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sokol\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cernícalo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"kerkenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sokil\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокіл\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sapsan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сапсан\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokoł\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cudyll\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"cudyllod\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"ary\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"boʕemira\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Moroccan-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بوعميرة\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"peñerina\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"aviquina\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"peñereru\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"zvyčajnaha pustalʹha\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"звычайнага пустальга\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"falc’hun logotaer\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"černošipa vetruška\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"черношипа ветрушка\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kerkenez\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"керкенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"xoriguer\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"xoriguer gros\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"xoriguer comú\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"紅鷹\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"âng-eng\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"红鹰\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"tê-chún\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"茶隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"紅隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"hóngzhǔn\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"红隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"cházhǔn\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"茶隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"紅鷹\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"hóngyīng\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"红鹰\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"poštolka obecná\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tårnfalk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"torenvalk\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"turfalko\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"kestrelo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tuuletallaja\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"grýtissmyril\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tornfalkur\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tuulihaukka\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"faucon crécerelle\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"crécerelle\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lagarteiro\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"peneireiro\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Turmfalke\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrachokirkínezo\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"βραχοκιρκίνεζο\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"kérkhnē\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"κέρχνη\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"vörös vércse\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"turnfálki\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"bod gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"bodaire gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pocaire gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pocaire gaoithe coiteann\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"seabhac buí\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"seabhac gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"gheppio\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"hwangjorong'i\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"황조롱이\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tinnunculus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lauku piekūns\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lauka piekūns\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"peļu vanadziņš\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"pelėsakalis\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"castariello\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tårnfalk\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"dalije\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"دلیجه\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pustułka\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"peneireiro-vulgar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vindereu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vânturel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Rumantsch-Grischun\", \"Sursilvan\", \"Sutsilvan\"], \"word\": \"crivel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Surmiran\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"creivel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Vallander\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cribel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Sursilvan\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcun\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Surmiran\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"feila l'ora\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Puter\", \"Vallander\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcun brün\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Puter\", \"Vallander\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"filadè\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Vallander\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"battalaura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pustelʹgá obyknovénnaja\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"пустельга́ обыкнове́нная\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pustelʹgá\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"пустельга́\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"clamhan ruadh\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"sokol myšiar\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"navádna postôvka\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cernícalo común\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"tornfalk\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"nāmavācakaṁ\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"నామవాచకం\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"bayağı kerkenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"boryviter\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"боривітер\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"postilʹha\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"постільга\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"chim cắt\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cressale\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"cudyll coch\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"reade wikel\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"kestrel\"], \"word\": \"kestrel\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kestrel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "kestrel/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Rumantsch-Grischun not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"Central Kurdish terms with non-redundant manual transliterations\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Middle Dutch\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Middle French\", \"English terms derived from Old Dutch\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"Entries missing English vernacular names of taxa\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Middle Dutch links with redundant target parameters\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Albanian translations\", \"Requests for review of Basque translations\", \"Requests for review of Friulian translations\", \"Requests for review of Ladin translations\", \"Requests for review of Lithuanian translations\", \"Requests for review of Macedonian translations\", \"Requests for review of Maltese translations\", \"Requests for review of Norman translations\", \"Requests for review of Occitan translations\", \"Requests for review of Sardinian translations\", \"Requests for review of Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Requests for review of Turkish translations\", \"Requests for review of Upper Sorbian translations\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛstɹəl\", \"Rhymes:English/ɛstɹəl/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Afrikaans translations\", \"Terms with Albanian translations\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Asturian translations\", \"Terms with Basque translations\", \"Terms with Belarusian translations\", \"Terms with Breton translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Central Kurdish translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Esperanto translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Faroese translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Friulian translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Greek translations\", \"Terms with Hokkien translations\", \"Terms with Hungarian translations\", \"Terms with Icelandic translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Italian translations\", \"Terms with Kashmiri translations\", \"Terms with Korean translations\", \"Terms with Ladin translations\", \"Terms with Latin translations\", \"Terms with Latvian translations\", \"Terms with Lithuanian translations\", \"Terms with Low German translations\", \"Terms with Lower Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Luxembourgish translations\", \"Terms with Macedonian translations\", \"Terms with Maltese translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Moroccan Arabic translations\", \"Terms with Mudburra translations\", \"Terms with Neapolitan translations\", \"Terms with Norman translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian translations\", \"Terms with Occitan translations\", \"Terms with Persian translations\", \"Terms with Polish translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Romani translations\", \"Terms with Romanian translations\", \"Terms with Romansch translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Sardinian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Slovak translations\", \"Terms with Slovene translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\", \"Terms with Swedish translations\", \"Terms with Telugu translations\", \"Terms with Turkish translations\", \"Terms with Ukrainian translations\", \"Terms with Upper Sorbian translations\", \"Terms with Vietnamese translations\", \"Terms with Walloon translations\", \"Terms with Welsh translations\", \"Terms with West Frisian translations\", \"en:Falconids\"], \"derived\": [{\"taxonomic\": \"Falco sparverius\", \"word\": \"American kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco zoniventris\", \"word\": \"banded kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"common kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco dickinsoni\", \"word\": \"Dickinson's kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco alopex\", \"word\": \"fox kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco rupicoloides\", \"word\": \"greater kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco ardosiaceus\", \"word\": \"grey kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco naumanni\", \"word\": \"lesser kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco newtoni\", \"word\": \"Malagasy kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco punctatus\", \"word\": \"Mauritius kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco cenchroides\", \"word\": \"Nankeen kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco araeus\", \"word\": \"Seychelles kestrel\"}, {\"taxonomic\": \"Falco moluccensis\", \"word\": \"spotted kestrel\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"castrel\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"staniel, bird of prey\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"frm\", \"3\": \"cresserelle\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle French cresserelle\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ML.\", \"2\": \"clisterella\", \"g\": \"f\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin clisterella f\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"crécerelle\", \"g\": \"f\"}, \"expansion\": \"French crécerelle f\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"nap\", \"2\": \"castariello\", \"g\": \"m\"}, \"expansion\": \"Neapolitan castariello m\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"VL.\", \"2\": \"*crepicella\"}, \"expansion\": \"Vulgar Latin *crepicella\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"dum\", \"3\": \"craken\", \"4\": \"crāken\", \"5\": \"to creak, crack\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"odt\", \"3\": \"*krakōn\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to crack, creak, emit a cry\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gmw-pro\", \"3\": \"*krakōn\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-West Germanic *krakōn\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"gem-pro\", \"3\": \"*krakōną\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to emit a cry, shout\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gerg-\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"to shout\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"goh\", \"2\": \"krahhōn\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to make a sound, crash\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"ang\", \"2\": \"cracian\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to resound\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old English cracian (“to resound”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"fr\", \"2\": \"craquer\", \"3\": \"\", \"4\": \"to emit a repeated cry, used of birds\"}, \"expansion\": \"French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”)\", \"name\": \"cog\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"From Middle English castrel (“staniel, bird of prey”), from Middle French cresserelle, crecerelle (“bird of prey”), usually assumed to be from crecelle (“rattle, wooden reel”) (modern crécelle), of obscure origin.\\nCognates possibly include: Medieval Latin clisterella f, French crécerelle f and cristel m, Neapolitan castariello m and crestariello m, all sharing the same meaning.\\nDerivation from the assumed Vulgar Latin *crepicella, *crepitacillum, a diminutive of crepitāculum, from crepitāre (“to crackle”) is difficult to explain from a morphological point of view.\\nInstead, possibly from a root *krek-, *krak- (“to crack, rattle, creak, emit a bird cry”), from Middle Dutch crāken (“to creak, crack”), from Old Dutch *krakōn (“to crack, creak, emit a cry”), from Proto-West Germanic *krakōn, from Proto-Germanic *krakōną (“to emit a cry, shout”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerg- (“to shout”). Cognate with Old High German krahhōn (“to make a sound, crash”), Old English cracian (“to resound”), French craquer (“to emit a repeated cry, used of birds”). More at creak, crack.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"kestrels\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"kestrel (plural kestrels)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"Quotation templates to be cleaned\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1878, Thomas Hardy, The Return of the Native, book 3 chapter 6:\", \"text\": \"When she was musing she was a kestrel, which hangs in the air by an invisible motion of its wings.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"1917, John Masefield, Up on the Downs:\", \"text\": \"Up on the downs the red-eyed kestrels hover,\\nEyeing the grass.\\nThe field mouse flits like a shadow into cover\\nAs their shadows pass.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting.\"], \"links\": [[\"falcon\", \"falcon\"], [\"Falco\", \"Falco\"], [\"hover\", \"hover\"]]}, {\"glosses\": [\"The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus.\"], \"links\": [[\"common kestrel\", \"common kestrel\"], [\"Falco tinnunculus\", \"Falco tinnunculus#Translingual\"]]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/ˈkɛstɹəl/\"}, {\"audio\": \"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-kestrel.wav\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/36/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-kestrel.wav.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-ɛstɹəl\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"common kestrel\", \"word\": \"windhover\"}, {\"sense\": \"common kestrel\", \"word\": \"staniel\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"af\", \"lang\": \"Afrikaans\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"valk\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falc'hun\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sokol\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокол\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcó\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"poštolka\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"valk\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falko\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falkur\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"smyril\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"jalohaukka\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"haukka\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"crécerelle\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cristel\"}, {\"code\": \"fur\", \"lang\": \"Friulian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcon\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcón\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"tartaraña\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Falke\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"kirkinézi\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"κιρκινέζι\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"kérkhnē\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"κέρχνη\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"vércse\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"fálki\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"haukur\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"valur\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falkono\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pocaire gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falco\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcone\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falchetto\"}, {\"code\": \"ks\", \"lang\": \"Kashmiri\", \"roman\": \"bụhụr\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"بٕہٕر\"}, {\"code\": \"ks\", \"lang\": \"Kashmiri\", \"roman\": \"bụhạr\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"بٕۂر\"}, {\"code\": \"ckb\", \"lang\": \"Central Kurdish\", \"roman\": \"shAheen\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"شاھین\"}, {\"code\": \"lld\", \"lang\": \"Ladin\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcon\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falco\"}, {\"code\": \"nds\", \"lang\": \"Low German\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Falk\"}, {\"code\": \"dsb\", \"lang\": \"Lower Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokoł\"}, {\"code\": \"lb\", \"lang\": \"Luxembourgish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"Kréchel\"}, {\"code\": \"mk\", \"lang\": \"Macedonian\", \"roman\": \"sokol\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокол\"}, {\"code\": \"dmw\", \"lang\": \"Mudburra\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"dirdila\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"castariello\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"crestariello\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"hauk\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokół\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcão\"}, {\"code\": \"rom\", \"lang\": \"Romani\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falkono\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"creivel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"falcun\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pustelʹgá\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"пустельга́\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"speireag ruadh\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Bosnia\", \"Cyrillic\", \"Serbia\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"соко\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Croatia\", \"Cyrillic\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокол\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Bosnia\", \"Roman\", \"Serbia\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"soko\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"Croatia\", \"Roman\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokol\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokol\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"sokol\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cernícalo\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"word\": \"kerkenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sokil\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сокіл\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"sapsan\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"сапсан\"}, {\"code\": \"hsb\", \"lang\": \"Upper Sorbian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"sokoł\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cudyll\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\", \"plural\"], \"word\": \"cudyllod\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"any small falcon of genus Falco\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falk\"}, {\"code\": \"ary\", \"lang\": \"Arabic\", \"roman\": \"boʕemira\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Moroccan-Arabic\"], \"word\": \"بوعميرة\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"peñerina\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"aviquina\"}, {\"code\": \"ast\", \"lang\": \"Asturian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"peñereru\"}, {\"code\": \"be\", \"lang\": \"Belarusian\", \"roman\": \"zvyčajnaha pustalʹha\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"звычайнага пустальга\"}, {\"code\": \"br\", \"lang\": \"Breton\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"falc’hun logotaer\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"černošipa vetruška\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"черношипа ветрушка\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"kerkenez\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"керкенез\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"xoriguer\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"xoriguer gros\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"xoriguer comú\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"紅鷹\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"âng-eng\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"红鹰\"}, {\"code\": \"nan-hbl\", \"lang\": \"Chinese\", \"roman\": \"tê-chún\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Hokkien\"], \"word\": \"茶隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"紅隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"hóngzhǔn\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"红隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"cházhǔn\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"茶隼\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"紅鷹\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"hóngyīng\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"红鹰\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"poštolka obecná\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tårnfalk\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"torenvalk\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"turfalko\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"kestrelo\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tuuletallaja\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"grýtissmyril\"}, {\"code\": \"fo\", \"lang\": \"Faroese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tornfalkur\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tuulihaukka\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"faucon crécerelle\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"crécerelle\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lagarteiro\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"peneireiro\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"Turmfalke\"}, {\"code\": \"el\", \"lang\": \"Greek\", \"roman\": \"vrachokirkínezo\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"neuter\"], \"word\": \"βραχοκιρκίνεζο\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"kérkhnē\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"κέρχνη\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"vörös vércse\"}, {\"code\": \"is\", \"lang\": \"Icelandic\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"turnfálki\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"bod gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"bodaire gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pocaire gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"pocaire gaoithe coiteann\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"seabhac buí\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"seabhac gaoithe\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"gheppio\"}, {\"code\": \"ko\", \"lang\": \"Korean\", \"roman\": \"hwangjorong'i\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"황조롱이\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"tinnunculus\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lauku piekūns\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"lauka piekūns\"}, {\"code\": \"lv\", \"lang\": \"Latvian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"peļu vanadziņš\"}, {\"code\": \"lt\", \"lang\": \"Lithuanian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"pelėsakalis\"}, {\"code\": \"nap\", \"lang\": \"Neapolitan\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"castariello\"}, {\"code\": \"no\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"tårnfalk\"}, {\"code\": \"fa\", \"lang\": \"Persian\", \"roman\": \"dalije\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"دلیجه\"}, {\"code\": \"pl\", \"lang\": \"Polish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"pustułka\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"peneireiro-vulgar\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vindereu\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"vânturel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Rumantsch-Grischun\", \"Sursilvan\", \"Sutsilvan\"], \"word\": \"crivel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Surmiran\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"creivel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Vallander\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cribel\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Sursilvan\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcun\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Surmiran\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"feila l'ora\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Puter\", \"Vallander\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"falcun brün\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Puter\", \"Vallander\", \"masculine\"], \"word\": \"filadè\"}, {\"code\": \"rm\", \"lang\": \"Romansch\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"Vallander\", \"feminine\"], \"word\": \"battalaura\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pustelʹgá obyknovénnaja\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"пустельга́ обыкнове́нная\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pustelʹgá\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"пустельга́\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"clamhan ruadh\"}, {\"code\": \"sk\", \"lang\": \"Slovak\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"sokol myšiar\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"navádna postôvka\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"masculine\"], \"word\": \"cernícalo común\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"common-gender\"], \"word\": \"tornfalk\"}, {\"code\": \"te\", \"lang\": \"Telugu\", \"roman\": \"nāmavācakaṁ\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"నామవాచకం\"}, {\"code\": \"tr\", \"lang\": \"Turkish\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"bayağı kerkenez\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"boryviter\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"боривітер\"}, {\"code\": \"uk\", \"lang\": \"Ukrainian\", \"roman\": \"postilʹha\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"постільга\"}, {\"code\": \"vi\", \"lang\": \"Vietnamese\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"chim cắt\"}, {\"code\": \"wa\", \"lang\": \"Walloon\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"tags\": [\"feminine\"], \"word\": \"cressale\"}, {\"code\": \"cy\", \"lang\": \"Welsh\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"cudyll coch\"}, {\"code\": \"fy\", \"lang\": \"West Frisian\", \"sense\": \"Falco tinnunculus\", \"word\": \"reade wikel\"}], \"wikipedia\": [\"kestrel\"], \"word\": \"kestrel\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "kestrel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.