See hinterland in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"2": "de",
"3": "Hinterland"
},
"expansion": "German Hinterland",
"name": "bor"
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{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "hinter",
"3": "Land",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "behind",
"t2": "land"
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"expansion": "hinter (“behind”) + Land (“land”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "hinder",
"3": "",
"4": "back, rear"
},
"expansion": "English hinder (“back, rear”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Hinterland, from hinter (“behind”) + Land (“land”), cognate to English hinder (“back, rear”) + land. First used in English in 1888 by George Chisholm in his work Handbook of Commercial Geography originally as hinderland, but the current spelling (following German) became more popular. The term is characteristic of a thalassocratic analysis of space (from the point of view of a nation, such as 19th-century Britain, with maritime supremacy).",
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"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foreland"
}
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{
"ref": "1961 August, “New traffic flows in South Wales”, in Trains Illustrated, page 492:",
"text": "In West Wales it has never been possible until recently to exploit the magnificent natural harbour of Milford Haven, for there was no industrial hinterland.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The land immediately next to, and inland from, a coast."
],
"id": "en-hinterland-en-noun-woJPci0h",
"links": [
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"land"
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[
"inland",
"inland"
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[
"coast",
"coast"
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rerepaís"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "內地"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nèidì",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "内地"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
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"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
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"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "nl",
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"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "binnenland"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "sisemaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "sisämaa"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
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"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "Binnenland"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
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"tags": [
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"word": "Hinterland"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Inland"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "endochóra",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ενδοχώρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
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"word": "cúlchríoch"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
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"tags": [
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"word": "cúltír"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
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"word": "retroterra"
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{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
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"roman": "zadgŕbnina",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "задгр́бнина"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rajony vglubʹ ot pribrežnoj polosy",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "районы вглубь от прибрежной полосы"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
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"neuter"
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"word": "zaleđe"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "dsb",
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"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nutśikowny kraj"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "tapusei"
},
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"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
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"neuter"
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"_dis1": "95 2 1 1 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
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"word": "cefnwlad"
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"glosses": [
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[
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[
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "ca",
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"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "rerepaís"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "郊區"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāoqū",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "郊区"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
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"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "platteland"
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{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
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"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "hinterland"
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{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "nl",
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"tags": [
"neuter"
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},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "tagamaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "talousalue"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "vaikutusalue"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "syrjäseutu"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
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"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
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"word": "arrière-pays"
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"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "de",
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"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Umland"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterland"
},
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"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "it",
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"word": "hinterland"
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"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "mk",
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"roman": "predgrádie",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предгра́дие"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 82 10 2 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
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"word": "пригород"
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"ref": "2021 February 9, Christina Newland, “Is Tom Hanks part of a dying breed of genuine movie stars?”, in BBC:",
"text": "In the film, Hanks is a veteran traversing the Texas hinterlands during the Reconstruction period when he stumbles upon a lost young white girl (Helena Zengel) who only speaks Kiowa, and is forced to undergo a dangerous journey to bring the orphan to her family.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A remote or undeveloped area, a backwater."
],
"id": "en-hinterland-en-noun-EL69bdfp",
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[
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"undeveloped"
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[
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"backwater"
]
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "remote area",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "偏遠地區"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piānyuǎn dìqū",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "偏远地区"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"english": "underdeveloped area",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "落後地區"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "luòhòu dìqū",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "落后地区"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterland"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "ääremaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "takamaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "peräkylä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Provinz"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "plattes Land"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pustélija",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пусте́лија"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zadgŕbnina",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "задгр́бнина"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaxolústʹje",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "захолу́стье"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubínka",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "глуби́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glušʹ",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "глушь"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 9 84 2 2",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "avkrok"
}
]
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{
"ref": "abstract of 2007, Lesley Jeffries, Textual Construction of the Female Body",
"text": "This approach utilizes concepts such as naming, describing, contrasting and equating to access the hinterland between structure and meaning, and to map out the subtle ways in which texts can naturalise the ideology of the perfect female form."
}
],
"glosses": [
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"id": "en-hinterland-en-noun-lfOMy-lN",
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"tags": [
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}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɪntə(ɹ)ˌlænd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lənd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-hinterland.ogg",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "See: Thesaurus:remote place"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
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"word": "hinderland"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"sense": "the",
"word": "sticks"
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"George Chisholm"
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"word": "hinterland"
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"2": "hinter",
"3": "Land",
"nocat": "1",
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"2": "hinder",
"3": "",
"4": "back, rear"
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Hinterland, from hinter (“behind”) + Land (“land”), cognate to English hinder (“back, rear”) + land. First used in English in 1888 by George Chisholm in his work Handbook of Commercial Geography originally as hinderland, but the current spelling (following German) became more popular. The term is characteristic of a thalassocratic analysis of space (from the point of view of a nation, such as 19th-century Britain, with maritime supremacy).",
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"ref": "1961 August, “New traffic flows in South Wales”, in Trains Illustrated, page 492:",
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"type": "quote"
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],
[
"coast",
"coast"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The rural territory surrounding an urban area, especially a port."
],
"links": [
[
"rural",
"rural"
],
[
"territory",
"territory"
],
[
"urban",
"urban"
],
[
"port",
"port"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2021 February 9, Christina Newland, “Is Tom Hanks part of a dying breed of genuine movie stars?”, in BBC:",
"text": "In the film, Hanks is a veteran traversing the Texas hinterlands during the Reconstruction period when he stumbles upon a lost young white girl (Helena Zengel) who only speaks Kiowa, and is forced to undergo a dangerous journey to bring the orphan to her family.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A remote or undeveloped area, a backwater."
],
"links": [
[
"remote",
"remote"
],
[
"undeveloped",
"undeveloped"
],
[
"backwater",
"backwater"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"That which is unknown or unexplored about someone."
],
"links": [
[
"unknown",
"unknown"
],
[
"unexplored",
"unexplored"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) That which is unknown or unexplored about someone."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "abstract of 2007, Lesley Jeffries, Textual Construction of the Female Body",
"text": "This approach utilizes concepts such as naming, describing, contrasting and equating to access the hinterland between structure and meaning, and to map out the subtle ways in which texts can naturalise the ideology of the perfect female form."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Anything vague or ill-defined, especially something that is ill understood."
],
"links": [
[
"vague",
"vague"
],
[
"ill-defined",
"ill-defined"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Anything vague or ill-defined, especially something that is ill understood."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"figuratively",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈhɪntə(ɹ)ˌlænd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/-lənd/"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-hinterland.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/En-au-hinterland.ogg/En-au-hinterland.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/En-au-hinterland.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "See: Thesaurus:remote place"
},
{
"sense": "the",
"word": "sticks"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "hinderland"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rerepaís"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "內地"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "nèidì",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "内地"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterland"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "binnenland"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "sisemaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "sisämaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "arrière-pays"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "Binnenland"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterland"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Inland"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "endochóra",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ενδοχώρα"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cúlchríoch"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cúltír"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "retroterra"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zadgŕbnina",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "задгр́бнина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "rajony vglubʹ ot pribrežnoj polosy",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "районы вглубь от прибрежной полосы"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zaleđe"
},
{
"code": "dsb",
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nutśikowny kraj"
},
{
"code": "srn",
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"word": "tapusei"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "inland"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "land immediately next to a coast",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "cefnwlad"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rerepaís"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "郊區"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiāoqū",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "郊区"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "platteland"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "hinterland"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterland"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "tagamaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "talousalue"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "vaikutusalue"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "syrjäseutu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "arrière-pays"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Umland"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hinterland"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "hinterland"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "predgrádie",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "предгра́дие"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "prigorod",
"sense": "rural territory surrounding urban area",
"word": "пригород"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "remote area",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "偏遠地區"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "piānyuǎn dìqū",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "偏远地区"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"english": "underdeveloped area",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "落後地區"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "luòhòu dìqū",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "落后地区"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "achterland"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "ääremaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "takamaa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"word": "peräkylä"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Provinz"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "plattes Land"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "pustélija",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "пусте́лија"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zadgŕbnina",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "задгр́бнина"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaxolústʹje",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "захолу́стье"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glubínka",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "глуби́нка"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "glušʹ",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "глушь"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "remote or undeveloped area",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "avkrok"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Encyclopædia Britannica",
"George Chisholm"
],
"word": "hinterland"
}
Download raw JSONL data for hinterland meaning in English (11.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.