"hajduk" meaning in English

See hajduk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: hajduks [plural]
Etymology: From Hungarian hajdúk, plural of hajdú (“foot-soldier”). The Hungarian word may derive from hajtó which meant “(cattle) drover”. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word haydut which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers and has the sense 'outlaw, robber' in modern Turkish usage, though it is not clear whether the word travelled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa. Etymology templates: {{bor|en|hu|hajdúk}} Hungarian hajdúk Head templates: {{en-noun}} hajduk (plural hajduks)
  1. (historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans. Tags: historical Translations (outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans): hajduku (Albanian), հայդուկ (hayduk) (Armenian), хайду́к (hajdúk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), heiduk [masculine] (Dutch), heitukka (Finnish), haïdouk [masculine] (French), ჰაიდუკი (haiduḳi) (Georgian), Heiduck [masculine] (German), aiducco [masculine] (Italian), ајдук (ajduk) [masculine] (Macedonian), ајдут (ajdut) [masculine] (Macedonian), hejduk (Northern Kurdish), حیدود (haydud) (Ottoman Turkish), hajduk [masculine] (Polish), haiduque [masculine] (Portuguese), haiduc [masculine] (Romanian), гайду́к (gajdúk) [masculine] (Russian), хајдук [Cyrillic, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), hajduk [Roman, masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), haiduc [masculine] (Spanish), haiduqe [masculine] (Spanish), haydut (Turkish), гайду́к (hajdúk) [masculine] (Ukrainian), гайдама́ка (hajdamáka) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-hajduk-en-noun-Celi9FMv Disambiguation of 'outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans': 90 4 3 4
  2. (archaic) A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary. Tags: archaic Translations (a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary): heiduk [masculine] (Dutch), heitukka (Finnish), ჰაიდუკი (haiduḳi) (Georgian), Heiduck [masculine] (German), hajdú (Hungarian), hajdo (Latin), حیدود (haydud) (Ottoman Turkish), hajduk [masculine] (Polish), hajdúch (Slovak)
    Sense id: en-hajduk-en-noun-DcrHc~im Disambiguation of 'a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary': 3 90 4 4
  3. (historical) A halberdier of a Hungarian noble. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-hajduk-en-noun-suMvyZy8 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, Entries with translation boxes, Pages with 4 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Albanian translations, Terms with Armenian translations, Terms with Bulgarian translations, Terms with Dutch translations, Terms with Finnish translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with Hungarian translations, Terms with Italian translations, Terms with Latin translations, Terms with Macedonian translations, Terms with Northern Kurdish translations, Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Portuguese translations, Terms with Romanian translations, Terms with Russian translations, Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations, Terms with Slovak translations, Terms with Spanish translations, Terms with Turkish translations, Terms with Ukrainian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 7 3 56 34 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 10 5 71 15 Disambiguation of Pages with 4 entries: 5 3 31 10 5 2 8 28 6 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 4 2 34 7 4 2 6 37 4 1 Disambiguation of Terms with Albanian translations: 10 12 47 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Armenian translations: 11 14 44 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Bulgarian translations: 7 11 49 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Dutch translations: 14 6 60 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Finnish translations: 8 12 49 31 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 12 4 65 19 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 13 14 43 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 5 7 49 40 Disambiguation of Terms with Italian translations: 9 5 70 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Latin translations: 9 5 68 18 Disambiguation of Terms with Macedonian translations: 10 13 46 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Northern Kurdish translations: 3 3 74 20 Disambiguation of Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations: 14 17 44 26 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 9 12 48 31 Disambiguation of Terms with Portuguese translations: 9 11 47 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Romanian translations: 7 11 49 33 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 9 5 70 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations: 10 12 47 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Slovak translations: 10 12 47 32 Disambiguation of Terms with Spanish translations: 10 3 71 17 Disambiguation of Terms with Turkish translations: 8 11 51 30 Disambiguation of Terms with Ukrainian translations: 7 11 49 33
  4. (historical) An attendant in German or Hungarian courts. Tags: historical
    Sense id: en-hajduk-en-noun-9J-Y7SZ~ Categories (other): Terms with German translations, Terms with Hungarian translations Disambiguation of Terms with German translations: 3 3 26 68 Disambiguation of Terms with Hungarian translations: 5 7 49 40
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hayduck, heyduk, heiduk, haiduc, heiduck, heyduc, heyduke, haidouk (english: following the French spelling), heydut, heiduc, and other uncommon forms

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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  "etymology_text": "From Hungarian hajdúk, plural of hajdú (“foot-soldier”). The Hungarian word may derive from hajtó which meant “(cattle) drover”. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word haydut which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers and has the sense 'outlaw, robber' in modern Turkish usage, though it is not clear whether the word travelled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa.",
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          "_dis1": "90 4 3 4",
          "code": "sq",
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          "_dis1": "90 4 3 4",
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          "_dis1": "90 4 3 4",
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          "word": "hajdú"
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        "A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
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        "(historical) An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
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  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "hayduck"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heyduk"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heiduk"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "haiduc"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heiduck"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heyduc"
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    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "heyduke"
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      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
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      "word": "haidouk"
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}
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    "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
    "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Portuguese translations",
    "Terms with Romanian translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations",
    "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
    "Terms with Slovak translations",
    "Terms with Spanish translations",
    "Terms with Turkish translations",
    "Terms with Ukrainian translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "hu",
        "3": "hajdúk"
      },
      "expansion": "Hungarian hajdúk",
      "name": "bor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Hungarian hajdúk, plural of hajdú (“foot-soldier”). The Hungarian word may derive from hajtó which meant “(cattle) drover”. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word haydut which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers and has the sense 'outlaw, robber' in modern Turkish usage, though it is not clear whether the word travelled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "hajduks",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "hajduk (plural hajduks)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "outlaw",
          "outlaw"
        ],
        [
          "highwayman",
          "highwayman"
        ],
        [
          "freedom fighter",
          "freedom fighter"
        ],
        [
          "Balkans",
          "Balkans"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with archaic senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mercenary",
          "mercenary"
        ],
        [
          "soldier",
          "soldier"
        ],
        [
          "Hungary",
          "Hungary"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic) A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "archaic"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "halberdier",
          "halberdier"
        ],
        [
          "Hungarian",
          "Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "noble",
          "noble"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with historical senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "attendant",
          "attendant"
        ],
        [
          "German",
          "German"
        ],
        [
          "Hungarian",
          "Hungarian"
        ],
        [
          "court",
          "court"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hayduck"
    },
    {
      "word": "heyduk"
    },
    {
      "word": "heiduk"
    },
    {
      "word": "haiduc"
    },
    {
      "word": "heiduck"
    },
    {
      "word": "heyduc"
    },
    {
      "word": "heyduke"
    },
    {
      "english": "following the French spelling",
      "word": "haidouk"
    },
    {
      "word": "heydut"
    },
    {
      "word": "heiduc"
    },
    {
      "word": "and other uncommon forms"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "sq",
      "lang": "Albanian",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "hajduku"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "hayduk",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "հայդուկ"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "hajdúk",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хайду́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "heiduk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "heitukka"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "haïdouk"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "haiduḳi",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "ჰაიდუკი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Heiduck"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "aiducco"
    },
    {
      "code": "kmr",
      "lang": "Northern Kurdish",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "hejduk"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ajduk",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ајдук"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "ajdut",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ајдут"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "haydud",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "حیدود"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hajduk"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "haiduque"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "haiduc"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "gajdúk",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гайду́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "хајдук"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "Roman",
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hajduk"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "haiduc"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "haiduqe"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "word": "haydut"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hajdúk",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гайду́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "hajdamáka",
      "sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "гайдама́ка"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "heiduk"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "word": "heitukka"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "haiduḳi",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "word": "ჰაიდუკი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Heiduck"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "word": "hajdú"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "word": "hajdo"
    },
    {
      "code": "ota",
      "lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
      "roman": "haydud",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "word": "حیدود"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "hajduk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
      "word": "hajdúch"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Hajduk",
    "Hajduk (soldiers)"
  ],
  "word": "hajduk"
}

Download raw JSONL data for hajduk meaning in English (8.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.