See hajduk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for hajduk meaning in English (8.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "hu",
"3": "hajdúk"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian hajdúk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hajdú",
"3": "",
"4": "foot-soldier"
},
"expansion": "hajdú (“foot-soldier”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hajtó"
},
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{
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"2": "hajdú",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "hajdú",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "haydut"
},
"expansion": "haydut",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Hungarian hajdúk, plural of hajdú (“foot-soldier”). The Hungarian word may derive from hajtó which meant “(cattle) drover”. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word haydut which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers and has the sense 'outlaw, robber' in modern Turkish usage, though it is not clear whether the word travelled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hajduks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "hajduk (plural hajduks)",
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 2 33 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans."
],
"id": "en-hajduk-en-noun-Celi9FMv",
"links": [
[
"outlaw",
"outlaw"
],
[
"highwayman",
"highwayman"
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[
"freedom fighter",
"freedom fighter"
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"Balkans"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans."
],
"tags": [
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],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "hajduku"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hayduk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "հայդուկ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hajdúk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хайду́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heiduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "heitukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haïdouk"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "haiduḳi",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "ჰაიდუკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Heiduck"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aiducco"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "hejduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ajduk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ајдук"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ajdut",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ајдут"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "haydud",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "حیدود"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hajduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduque"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduc"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gajdúk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гайду́к"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "хајдук"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hajduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduc"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduqe"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "haydut"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 4 5 3",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hajdamáka",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гайдама́ка"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary."
],
"id": "en-hajduk-en-noun-DcrHc~im",
"links": [
[
"mercenary",
"mercenary"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier"
],
[
"Hungary",
"Hungary"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heiduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "heitukka"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "haiduḳi",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "ჰაიდუკი"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Heiduck"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "hajdú"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "hajdo"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "haydud",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "حیدود"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hajduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 89 4 4",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "hajdúch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
],
"id": "en-hajduk-en-noun-suMvyZy8",
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[
"halberdier",
"halberdier"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Hungarian"
],
[
"noble",
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
],
"id": "en-hajduk-en-noun-9J-Y7SZ~",
"links": [
[
"attendant",
"attendant"
],
[
"German",
"German"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Hungarian"
],
[
"court",
"court"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hayduck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heyduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heiduk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "haiduc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heiduck"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heyduc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heyduke"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"english": "following the French spelling",
"word": "haidouk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heydut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "heiduc"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "and other uncommon forms"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hajduk",
"Hajduk (soldiers)"
],
"word": "hajduk"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Hungarian",
"English terms derived from Hungarian"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "hu",
"3": "hajdúk"
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"expansion": "Hungarian hajdúk",
"name": "bor"
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{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "hajdú",
"3": "",
"4": "foot-soldier"
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"expansion": "hajdú (“foot-soldier”)",
"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "hajdú",
"3": ""
},
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"name": "m"
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{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "haydut"
},
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],
"etymology_text": "From Hungarian hajdúk, plural of hajdú (“foot-soldier”). The Hungarian word may derive from hajtó which meant “(cattle) drover”. In 16th century Hungary, cattle driving was an important and dangerous occupation and drovers traveled armed. Some of them ended up as bandits or retainers in the service of local landowners and many may have become soldiers. In any case, the term hajduk came to be used in the 16th century to describe irregular soldiers. There is probably an etymological link between hajdú and the Turkish word haydut which was used by the Ottomans to describe Hungarian infantry soldiers and has the sense 'outlaw, robber' in modern Turkish usage, though it is not clear whether the word travelled from Hungarian to Turkish or vice versa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "hajduks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "hajduk (plural hajduks)",
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans."
],
"links": [
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"outlaw",
"outlaw"
],
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"highwayman",
"highwayman"
],
[
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary."
],
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"soldier"
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"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) A mercenary foot soldier in Hungary."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
],
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"Hungarian",
"Hungarian"
],
[
"noble",
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"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A halberdier of a Hungarian noble."
],
"tags": [
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},
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"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
],
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[
"German",
"German"
],
[
"Hungarian",
"Hungarian"
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"court"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) An attendant in German or Hungarian courts."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "hayduck"
},
{
"word": "heyduk"
},
{
"word": "heiduk"
},
{
"word": "haiduc"
},
{
"word": "heiduck"
},
{
"word": "heyduc"
},
{
"word": "heyduke"
},
{
"english": "following the French spelling",
"word": "haidouk"
},
{
"word": "heydut"
},
{
"word": "heiduc"
},
{
"word": "and other uncommon forms"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "hajduku"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "hayduk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "հայդուկ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "hajdúk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хайду́к"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heiduk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "heitukka"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haïdouk"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "haiduḳi",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "ჰაიდუკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Heiduck"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aiducco"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "hejduk"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ajduk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ајдук"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "ajdut",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ајдут"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "haydud",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "حیدود"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hajduk"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduque"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduc"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gajdúk",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гайду́к"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "хајдук"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hajduk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduc"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "haiduqe"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"word": "haydut"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hajdamáka",
"sense": "outlaw, highwayman or freedom fighter in the Balkans",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гайдама́ка"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "heiduk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "heitukka"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "haiduḳi",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "ჰაიდუკი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Heiduck"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "hajdú"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "hajdo"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "haydud",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "حیدود"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hajduk"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "a mercenary foot soldier in Hungary",
"word": "hajdúch"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Hajduk",
"Hajduk (soldiers)"
],
"word": "hajduk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.