"habitual" meaning in English

See habitual in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/ [Received-Pronunciation], /həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-tjʊ-/ [Received-Pronunciation], /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/ [General-American], /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-habitual.ogg [General-American] Forms: more habitual [comparative], most habitual [superlative]
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). The noun is derived from the adjective. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰeh₁bʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|habitual|t=of one's inherent disposition}} Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), {{der|en|ML.|habituālis|t=customary; habitual}} Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), {{der|en|la|habitus|t=character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress}} Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”), {{glossary|adjective}} adjective, {{m|la|-ālis|pos=suffix forming adjectives of relationship}} -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship), {{suffix|en|habit|ual}} habit + -ual, {{m|la|habeō|t=to have; to hold; to own; to possess}} habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰeh₁bʰ-|t=to grab, take}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”), {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{glossary|verb}} verb, {{m|la|-tus|pos=suffix forming action nouns from verbs}} -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs) Head templates: {{en-adj}} habitual (comparative more habitual, superlative most habitual)
  1. Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring. Translations (of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent): habitual (Catalan), 慣常的 (Chinese Mandarin), 惯常的 (guàncháng de) (Chinese Mandarin), tavanomainen (Finnish), habituel (French), gewohnt (German), megrögzött (Hungarian), gréasach (Irish), ricorrente (Italian), ripetitivo (Italian), solito (Italian), solitus (Latin), habitual (Portuguese), обы́чный (obýčnyj) (Russian), привы́чный (privýčnyj) (Russian), običájen (Slovene), habitual (Spanish), vanemässig (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-habitual-en-adj-nbAr2JIP Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English terms suffixed with -ual Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 42 3 14 16 14 11 Disambiguation of English terms suffixed with -ual: 44 9 12 12 13 11 Disambiguation of 'of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent': 84 2 10 4
  2. Regular or usual. Synonyms: accustomed, customary Translations (regular or usual): սովորական (sovorakan) (Armenian), обичаен (običaen) (Bulgarian), habitual (Catalan), tavallinen (Finnish), tavanomainen (Finnish), habituel (French), gewöhnlich (German), gewohnt (German), habituell (German), megszokott (Hungarian), szokásos (Hungarian), szokványos (Hungarian), kustumala (Ido), rialta (Irish), persistente (Italian), usuale (Italian), habitual (Portuguese), обы́чный (obýčnyj) (Russian), običájen (Slovene), habitual (Spanish), vanlig (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-habitual-en-adj-xRyIq3NM Disambiguation of 'regular or usual': 0 95 1 3
  3. Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly. Translations (engaging in some behaviour as a habit): обичаен (običaen) (Bulgarian), привичен (privičen) (Bulgarian), свойствен (svojstven) (Bulgarian), habitual (Catalan), 習慣的 (Chinese Mandarin), 习惯的 (xíguàn de) (Chinese Mandarin), vanemæssig (Danish), kutima (Esperanto), tapa- (Finnish), tavanomainen (Finnish), habitual (Galician), gewohnt (German), rendszeres (Hungarian), (recidivous) visszaeső (Hungarian), rialta (Irish), abituale (Italian), corrente (Italian), solito (Italian), habitualis (Latin), matatau (Maori), habitual (Portuguese), de obicei (Romanian), пристрасти́вшийся (pristrastívšijsja) (Russian), привы́чный (privýčnyj) (Russian), зая́длый (zajádlyj) (note: e.g., of a smoker) (Russian), закорене́лый (zakorenélyj) (Russian), običájen (Slovene), habitual (Spanish), vanemässig (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-habitual-en-adj-IITBvND1 Disambiguation of 'engaging in some behaviour as a habit': 39 3 53 4
  4. (grammar) Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually. Categories (topical): Grammar Synonyms: consuetudinal
    Sense id: en-habitual-en-adj-en:grammar Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: habituall [obsolete] Derived forms: habitual aborter, habitual abortion, habitual aspect, habituality, habitualize, habitualise, habitually, habitualness, habitual offender Related terms: habit, habit-forming, habituate, habituating [adjective], habituation, habituative, habitude, habitus

Noun

IPA: /həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/ [Received-Pronunciation], /həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/ [Received-Pronunciation], /-tjʊ-/ [Received-Pronunciation], /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/ [General-American], /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/ [General-American] Audio: En-us-habitual.ogg [General-American] Forms: habituals [plural]
Etymology: The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs). The noun is derived from the adjective. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*gʰeh₁bʰ-}}, {{inh|en|enm|habitual|t=of one's inherent disposition}} Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), {{der|en|ML.|habituālis|t=customary; habitual}} Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), {{der|en|la|habitus|t=character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress}} Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”), {{glossary|adjective}} adjective, {{m|la|-ālis|pos=suffix forming adjectives of relationship}} -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship), {{suffix|en|habit|ual}} habit + -ual, {{m|la|habeō|t=to have; to hold; to own; to possess}} habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”), {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰeh₁bʰ-|t=to grab, take}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”), {{glossary|noun}} noun, {{glossary|verb}} verb, {{m|la|-tus|pos=suffix forming action nouns from verbs}} -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs) Head templates: {{en-noun}} habitual (plural habituals)
  1. (colloquial) One who does something habitually, such as a serial criminal offender. Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-habitual-en-noun-Ky5sQPbg
  2. (grammar) A construction representing something done habitually. Categories (topical): Grammar
    Sense id: en-habitual-en-noun-2TV9Q9Gx Topics: grammar, human-sciences, linguistics, sciences

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for habitual meaning in English (34.0kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitual aborter"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitual abortion"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitual aspect"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habituality"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitualize"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitualise"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitually"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitualness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitual offender"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "habitual",
        "t": "of one's inherent disposition"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "habituālis",
        "t": "customary; habitual"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "habitus",
        "t": "character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ālis",
        "pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
      },
      "expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "habit",
        "3": "ual"
      },
      "expansion": "habit + -ual",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "habeō",
        "t": "to have; to hold; to own; to possess"
      },
      "expansion": "habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-",
        "t": "to grab, take"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-tus",
        "pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more habitual",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most habitual",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "habitual (comparative more habitual, superlative most habitual)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ha‧bit‧u‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habit"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habit-forming"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habituate"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "habituating"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habituation"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habituative"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitude"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "habitus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 3 14 16 14 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "44 9 12 12 13 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English terms suffixed with -ual",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Her habitual lying was the reason for my mistrust.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1617, Zacharias Ursinus, “Quest. 90. What is the Quickning of the New Man?”, in Henrie Parrie [i.e., Henry Parry], David Pareus, transl., The Svmme of Christian Religion, Deliuered Zacharias Vrsinvs in His Lectures vpon the Catechisme, […] Translated into English […], and Lately Conferred with the Last and Best Latine Edition […], London: Imprinted by H. L. and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson, […], →OCLC, 3rd part (Of Mans Thankefulnes), section 4 (What are the Causes of Conuersion), page 861",
          "text": "Thomas Aquinas attributeth preparation vnto free-vvill, but not conuerſion. Now this preparation hee thus coloureth, that it is indeed a furtherance to the habituall grace of cõuersion, but yet through the free aſsiſtance of God mouing vs inwardly.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1655, Rich[ard] Baxter, “Sect. III. The Testimony of Reformed Divines Ascribing as Much to Works as I: And Many of Them Delivering the Same Doctrine.”, in Rich[ard] Baxter’s Confesssion [sic] of His Faith, Especially Concerning the Interest of Repentance and Sincere Obedience to Christ, in Our Justification & Salvation. […], London: Printed by R[obert] W[hite] for Tho[mas] Underhil and Fra[ncis] Tyton, […], →OCLC, page 421",
          "text": "There is an actual Grace removing the Power of ſin, before habitual or ſanctifying Grace, the [Holy] Spirit doing it immediately by an omnipotent act, by that which is called actuating moving Grace; Chriſt can and muſt firſt bind the ſtrong man and caſt him out by this working or actual Grace, before he dwels in the houſe of mans heart by habitual and ſanctifying Grace: [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1703, Michael Etmullerus [i.e., Michael Ettmüller], “Sect. XIV. Of Diseases Relating to the Lungs and Organs of Respiration.”, in Etmullerus Abridg’d: Or, A Compleat System of the Theory and Practice of Physic. […] Translated from the Last Edition of the Works […], 2nd corrected and much improved edition, London: Printed for Andrew Bell […], and Richard Wellington, […], →OCLC, 1st book, chapter II (Of Inspiration Deprav’d, or Difficult Breathing), article III (Of the Night Mare), page 144",
          "text": "The Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual. [...] The Habitual is occaſioned by ſome Acid Lymph that diſorders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Convulſive Diſpoſition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Muſcles of the Breast; which by conſent Cramp thoſe of the Wind-Pipe, whoſe Contraction raiſes a ſenſe of ſtrangling, and aboliſhes the power of an Articulate Voice.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1774, W[illiam] Mason, An Affectionate Address to Passionate Professors: Shewing the Blessedness of a Meek and Quiet Spirit: The Evil of Giving Way to Bad Tempers and Sinful Passions; And Pointing Out Some Remedies for Subduing Them, London: Printed for the author; and sold by M. Lewis, […]; and J. Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 11",
          "text": "But by a long and habitual courſe of giving way to evil tempers, and indulging ſinful paſſions, a perſon may be ſo blinded thereby as not to ſee the evil thereof, and ſo hardened therein as not to feel the bad effects of them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1796 September 17, George Washington, “The Address of Gen. Washington to the People of America on His Declining the Presidency of the United States”, in Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, Pa.: D[avid] C. and S. Claypoole, published 19 September 1796, →OCLC; republished as “Address of General Washington on His Resignation”, in The Scots Magazine; or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume LVIII (volume III, New Series), Edinburgh: Printed by Alex[ander] Chapman and Company, for James Watson and Company, […], December 1796, →OCLC, page 832, column 1",
          "text": "The nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondneſs, is in ſome degree a ſlave: it is a ſlave to its authority or its affection, either of which is ſufficient to lead it aſtray from its duty and its intereſt.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, Christine A. Wynd, “Smoking Cessation”, in Barbara Montgomery Dossey, editor, Core Curriculum for Holistic Nursing, Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers, page 220",
          "text": "KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES [...] Explore the rationale behind an individual's smoking habit (nicotine addiction/dependence, psychosocial aspects, and habitual cues).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring."
      ],
      "id": "en-habitual-en-adj-nbAr2JIP",
      "links": [
        [
          "habit",
          "habit"
        ],
        [
          "establish",
          "establish"
        ],
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "recurrent",
          "recurrent"
        ],
        [
          "recurring",
          "recurring#Adjective"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "慣常的"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "guàncháng de",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "惯常的"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "tavanomainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "habituel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "gewohnt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "megrögzött"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "note": "megszokottá / megszokássá / mindennapossá vált/váló",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "gréasach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "ricorrente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "ripetitivo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "solito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "solitus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obýčnyj",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "обы́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "privýčnyj",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "привы́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "običájen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "84 2 10 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
          "word": "vanemässig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Professor Franklein took his habitual seat at the conference table.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1653, Thomas Shepard, The Sound Beleever. A Treatise of Evangelicall Conversion. Discovering the Work of Christs Spirit, in Reconciling of a Sinner to God, London: Printed for Andrew Crooke […], →OCLC, page 83",
          "text": "Our hearts are ſaid to be purified by faith; Acts 15. 9. not our lives onely in the acts of holineſſe and purity, but our heart in the habituall frame of them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1658, John Bramhall, “The Fourth and Fifth Reasons against This Improbable Fiction, from the No Necessity of It, and the Lesse Advantage of It”, in The Consecration and Succession, of Protestant Bishops Justified. […], Gravenhagh [The Hague]: By John Ramzey, →OCLC, page 54",
          "text": "Now he [Edmund Bonner] was deprived, and had no more to doe with the Bishoprick of London, then with the Bishoprick of Conſtantinople, he had the habituall power of the Keies, but had no flock to exercise it upon.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Regular or usual."
      ],
      "id": "en-habitual-en-adj-xRyIq3NM",
      "links": [
        [
          "Regular",
          "regular"
        ],
        [
          "usual",
          "usual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "accustomed"
        },
        {
          "word": "customary"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "sovorakan",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "սովորական"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "običaen",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "обичаен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "tavallinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "tavanomainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "habituel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "gewöhnlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "gewohnt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "habituell"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "megszokott"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "szokásos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "szokványos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "io",
          "lang": "Ido",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "kustumala"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "rialta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "persistente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "usuale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "obýčnyj",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "обы́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "običájen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 95 1 3",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "regular or usual",
          "word": "vanlig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He’s a habitual chain-smoker.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1658, Thomas Hall, “[Chap. 3.] Verse 2. For men shall be lovers of themselves, Covetous, Boasters, Proud, Blasphemers, disobedient to Parents, unthankfull, unholy, &c.”, in A Practical and Polemical Commentary: Or, Exposition upon the Third and Fourth Chapters of the Latter Epistle of Saint Paul to Timothy. […], London: Printed by E. Tyler, for John Starkey, […], →OCLC, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LvwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 page [95]]",
          "text": "[N]o drunkard (i.e.) no Habituall, Impenitent drunkard, ſhall come into Gods Kingdome.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "a. 1806, William Paley, W[illiam] Hamilton Reid, “Conversion”, in Beauties Selected from the Writings of the Late William Paley, D.D. Archbishop of Carlisle: […], London: Printed for Sherwood, Neely and Jones, […], published 1810, →OCLC, page 123",
          "text": "The habitual drunkard, the habitual fornicator, the habitual cheat must be converted. The breaking off a habit, especially when we had placed much of our gratification in it, is alone so great a thing, and such a step in our Christian life, as to merit the name of conversion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1922 July, “Quotations: Defectives, Criminals, and Misdemeanants”, in J. Harold Williams, editor, The Journal of Delinquency, volume VII, number 4, Whittier, Calif.: California Bureau of Juvenile Research, Whittier State School, →OCLC, page 194",
          "text": "That the hospitals for the insane be designated as the proper places for the custody, care, and treatment of constitutionally unstable offenders, whether occasional or habitual offenders, and whether feeble-minded, or non-feeble-minded, [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, “Caffeine and Ephedrine”, in Supplements for Endurance Athletes, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Publishers, page 15",
          "text": "In addition to the dose of caffeine, there are other items that athletes need to be aware of before utilizing caffeine or caffeine-containing products as an ergogenic aid. Habitual caffeine users may respond differently than naïve users [...]. Research indicates that in habitual users, caffeine may increase fat breakdown, but this does not necessarily result in an increase in fat use for energy or an increase in catecholamines or performance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Deniz Ucbarasan, Paul Westhead, Mike Wright, “Conclusions”, in Habitual Entrepreneurs, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar Publishing, page 205",
          "text": "While some novice entrepreneurs have no intention of becoming a habitual entrepreneur, others do. [...] Accordingly, while 'pure' novice entrepreneurs represent the group of novice entrepreneurs that will remain one-time entrepreneurs, 'transient'; novice entrepreneurs will at least attempt to become habitual entrepreneurs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly."
      ],
      "id": "en-habitual-en-adj-IITBvND1",
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ],
        [
          "engaging",
          "engage"
        ],
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour"
        ],
        [
          "regularly",
          "regularly"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "običaen",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "обичаен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "privičen",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "привичен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "svojstven",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "свойствен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "習慣的"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "xíguàn de",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "习惯的"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "vanemæssig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "kutima"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "tapa-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "tavanomainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "gewohnt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "rendszeres"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "(recidivous) visszaeső"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "rialta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "abituale"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "corrente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "solito"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "habitualis"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "matatau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "de obicei"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pristrastívšijsja",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "пристрасти́вшийся"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "privýčnyj",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "привы́чный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "note": "e.g., of a smoker",
          "roman": "zajádlyj",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "зая́длый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zakorenélyj",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "закорене́лый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "običájen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "habitual"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "39 3 53 4",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
          "word": "vanemässig"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "en:Grammar",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1976, Bernard Comrie, “Perfective and Imperfective”, in Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics; 2), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, section 1.2.1.1 (Habitual and Other Aspectual Values), page 30",
          "text": "In English, for instance, the Habitual Aspect (used to construction) can combine freely with Progressive Aspect, to give such forms as used to be playing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Alexandra Y[urievna] Aikhenvald, “The Arawak Language Family”, in R[obert] M[alcolm] W[ard] Dixon, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, editors, The Amazonian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, section 6.4 (Other Verbal Categories), page 93",
          "text": "The majority of South Arawak, Pareci-Xingu, and Peruvian Arawak languages have a three-fold aspect distinction: completive (completed, perfective or telic action); progressive (action/state in progress; also a durative meaning); and habitual.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually."
      ],
      "id": "en-habitual-en-adj-en:grammar",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "Pertaining",
          "pertain"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "customarily",
          "customarily"
        ],
        [
          "ordinarily",
          "ordinarily"
        ],
        [
          "usually",
          "usually"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:grammar"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "consuetudinal"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-tjʊ-/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg/En-us-habitual.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "habituall"
    }
  ],
  "word": "habitual"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "habitual",
        "t": "of one's inherent disposition"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "habituālis",
        "t": "customary; habitual"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "habitus",
        "t": "character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ālis",
        "pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
      },
      "expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "habit",
        "3": "ual"
      },
      "expansion": "habit + -ual",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "habeō",
        "t": "to have; to hold; to own; to possess"
      },
      "expansion": "habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-",
        "t": "to grab, take"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-tus",
        "pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "habituals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "habitual (plural habituals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ha‧bit‧u‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870 January 20, G. Hutchinson, “XXIV. The Present State of the Prison Question in British India.”, in Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Prison Association of New York, and Accompanying Documents, for the Year 1869. […] (New York State Senate; 1870, no. 21), Albany, N.Y.: The Argus Company, printers, →OCLC, page 433",
          "text": "It has been suggested that we should classify prisoners as casuals and habituals. If a casual is to be distinguished from an habitual simply by the length of his sentence, this classification would hardly answer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, John Pratt, “Dangerousness: The Birth of a Concept”, in Governing the Dangerous: Dangerousness, Law and Social Change, Leichhardt, N.S.W.: The Federation Press, page 31",
          "text": "However, in an era when legal punishment was dominated by principles of classical justice and Victorian political economy, what else could one do with the habituals other than provide for an accumulation of prison sentences: the more repeated one's crime, the longer one might be sentenced to imprisonment.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Kevin Roose, chapter 11, in Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street’s Post-crash Recruits, New York, N.Y.: Grand Central Publishing",
          "text": "Habituals, generally speaking, are the people who might in the context of college admissions be referred to as \"legacies.\" These are people who choose to go into finance either because their parents or siblings work in finance, or because they've grown up with financiers in their immediate social circle. Strictly speaking, most Habituals make it to Wall Street on their own, but their upbringings (in wealthy or upper-middle-class communities) and their educational opportunities (at private high schools and top-tier colleges) have made finance a destination that, if not inevitable, is at least a known and respected option for people in their circumstances.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who does something habitually, such as a serial criminal offender."
      ],
      "id": "en-habitual-en-noun-Ky5sQPbg",
      "links": [
        [
          "habitually",
          "habitually"
        ],
        [
          "serial",
          "serial#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "criminal",
          "criminal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "offender",
          "offender"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) One who does something habitually, such as a serial criminal offender."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Grammar",
          "orig": "en:Grammar",
          "parents": [
            "Linguistics",
            "Language",
            "Social sciences",
            "Communication",
            "Sciences",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1976, Bernard Comrie, “Perfective and Imperfective”, in Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics; 2), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, section 1.2.1.1 (Habitual and Other Aspectual Values), page 30",
          "text": "Since any situation that can be protracted sufficiently in time, or that can be iterated a sufficient number of times over a long enough period – and this means, in effect, almost any situation – can be expressed as a habitual, it follows that habituality is in principle combinable with various other aspectual values, namely those appropriate to the kind of situation that is prolonged or iterated.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001, F[rank] R[obert] Palmer, “Subjunctive and Irrealis”, in Mood and Modality (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics), 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, page 191",
          "text": "Indeed, [Thomas] Givón (1994: 323) suggests the habitual is a 'hybrid modality', sharing some features of realis (higher assertive certainty) and some of irrealis ('lack of specific temporal reference; lack of specific evidence; …').",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Elly van Gelderen, “Aspect: The Tense Aspect Parameter and Inner to Outer Aspect”, in Grammaticalization as Economy (Linguistik Aktuell = Linguistics Today; 71), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISSN, section 5 (Giorgi & Pianesi: The Demise of the Infinitival Ending and Aspect), page 221",
          "text": "Stative verbs such as know and see are not associated with [+perf] since, like habituals, they are associated with a generic operator.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Raymond Hickey, “The Emergence of Irish English”, in Irish English: History and Present-day Forms (Studies in English Language), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, page 216",
          "text": "As an expression of the iterative habitual suffixal -s is by no means recent. It is found in emigrant letters from the early nineteenth century. [...] O'Hara's uses as an inflected first person singular as an iterative habitual, e.g. I hopes the [ ] family are well …, I hopes you will except [sic!] my thanks for the same … (Kean O'Hara, 1818–19). This usage is still to be found in east coast varieties of Irish English.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Howard Jackson, “Grammar: Morphology and Syntax”, in Key Terms in Linguistics, London, New York, N.Y.: Continuum, page 23",
          "text": "For example, repeated occurrence (iteratives or ‘habituals’) in English may be signalled by repeatedly or several times (‘He shouted repeatedly’), or it may be part of the meaning of the verb (‘The bird fluttered its wings’).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A construction representing something done habitually."
      ],
      "id": "en-habitual-en-noun-2TV9Q9Gx",
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "construction",
          "construction"
        ],
        [
          "represent",
          "represent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) A construction representing something done habitually."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-tjʊ-/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg/En-us-habitual.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "habitual"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ual",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Telugu translations"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "habitual aborter"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitual abortion"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitual aspect"
    },
    {
      "word": "habituality"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitualize"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitualise"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitually"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitualness"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitual offender"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "habitual",
        "t": "of one's inherent disposition"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "habituālis",
        "t": "customary; habitual"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "habitus",
        "t": "character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ālis",
        "pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
      },
      "expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "habit",
        "3": "ual"
      },
      "expansion": "habit + -ual",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "habeō",
        "t": "to have; to hold; to own; to possess"
      },
      "expansion": "habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-",
        "t": "to grab, take"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-tus",
        "pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more habitual",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most habitual",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "habitual (comparative more habitual, superlative most habitual)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ha‧bit‧u‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "habit"
    },
    {
      "word": "habit-forming"
    },
    {
      "word": "habituate"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "adjective"
      ],
      "word": "habituating"
    },
    {
      "word": "habituation"
    },
    {
      "word": "habituative"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitude"
    },
    {
      "word": "habitus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Her habitual lying was the reason for my mistrust.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1617, Zacharias Ursinus, “Quest. 90. What is the Quickning of the New Man?”, in Henrie Parrie [i.e., Henry Parry], David Pareus, transl., The Svmme of Christian Religion, Deliuered Zacharias Vrsinvs in His Lectures vpon the Catechisme, […] Translated into English […], and Lately Conferred with the Last and Best Latine Edition […], London: Imprinted by H. L. and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson, […], →OCLC, 3rd part (Of Mans Thankefulnes), section 4 (What are the Causes of Conuersion), page 861",
          "text": "Thomas Aquinas attributeth preparation vnto free-vvill, but not conuerſion. Now this preparation hee thus coloureth, that it is indeed a furtherance to the habituall grace of cõuersion, but yet through the free aſsiſtance of God mouing vs inwardly.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1655, Rich[ard] Baxter, “Sect. III. The Testimony of Reformed Divines Ascribing as Much to Works as I: And Many of Them Delivering the Same Doctrine.”, in Rich[ard] Baxter’s Confesssion [sic] of His Faith, Especially Concerning the Interest of Repentance and Sincere Obedience to Christ, in Our Justification & Salvation. […], London: Printed by R[obert] W[hite] for Tho[mas] Underhil and Fra[ncis] Tyton, […], →OCLC, page 421",
          "text": "There is an actual Grace removing the Power of ſin, before habitual or ſanctifying Grace, the [Holy] Spirit doing it immediately by an omnipotent act, by that which is called actuating moving Grace; Chriſt can and muſt firſt bind the ſtrong man and caſt him out by this working or actual Grace, before he dwels in the houſe of mans heart by habitual and ſanctifying Grace: [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1703, Michael Etmullerus [i.e., Michael Ettmüller], “Sect. XIV. Of Diseases Relating to the Lungs and Organs of Respiration.”, in Etmullerus Abridg’d: Or, A Compleat System of the Theory and Practice of Physic. […] Translated from the Last Edition of the Works […], 2nd corrected and much improved edition, London: Printed for Andrew Bell […], and Richard Wellington, […], →OCLC, 1st book, chapter II (Of Inspiration Deprav’d, or Difficult Breathing), article III (Of the Night Mare), page 144",
          "text": "The Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual. [...] The Habitual is occaſioned by ſome Acid Lymph that diſorders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Convulſive Diſpoſition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Muſcles of the Breast; which by conſent Cramp thoſe of the Wind-Pipe, whoſe Contraction raiſes a ſenſe of ſtrangling, and aboliſhes the power of an Articulate Voice.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1774, W[illiam] Mason, An Affectionate Address to Passionate Professors: Shewing the Blessedness of a Meek and Quiet Spirit: The Evil of Giving Way to Bad Tempers and Sinful Passions; And Pointing Out Some Remedies for Subduing Them, London: Printed for the author; and sold by M. Lewis, […]; and J. Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 11",
          "text": "But by a long and habitual courſe of giving way to evil tempers, and indulging ſinful paſſions, a perſon may be ſo blinded thereby as not to ſee the evil thereof, and ſo hardened therein as not to feel the bad effects of them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1796 September 17, George Washington, “The Address of Gen. Washington to the People of America on His Declining the Presidency of the United States”, in Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, Pa.: D[avid] C. and S. Claypoole, published 19 September 1796, →OCLC; republished as “Address of General Washington on His Resignation”, in The Scots Magazine; or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume LVIII (volume III, New Series), Edinburgh: Printed by Alex[ander] Chapman and Company, for James Watson and Company, […], December 1796, →OCLC, page 832, column 1",
          "text": "The nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondneſs, is in ſome degree a ſlave: it is a ſlave to its authority or its affection, either of which is ſufficient to lead it aſtray from its duty and its intereſt.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, Christine A. Wynd, “Smoking Cessation”, in Barbara Montgomery Dossey, editor, Core Curriculum for Holistic Nursing, Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers, page 220",
          "text": "KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES [...] Explore the rationale behind an individual's smoking habit (nicotine addiction/dependence, psychosocial aspects, and habitual cues).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "habit",
          "habit"
        ],
        [
          "establish",
          "establish"
        ],
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "recurrent",
          "recurrent"
        ],
        [
          "recurring",
          "recurring#Adjective"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Professor Franklein took his habitual seat at the conference table.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1653, Thomas Shepard, The Sound Beleever. A Treatise of Evangelicall Conversion. Discovering the Work of Christs Spirit, in Reconciling of a Sinner to God, London: Printed for Andrew Crooke […], →OCLC, page 83",
          "text": "Our hearts are ſaid to be purified by faith; Acts 15. 9. not our lives onely in the acts of holineſſe and purity, but our heart in the habituall frame of them.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1658, John Bramhall, “The Fourth and Fifth Reasons against This Improbable Fiction, from the No Necessity of It, and the Lesse Advantage of It”, in The Consecration and Succession, of Protestant Bishops Justified. […], Gravenhagh [The Hague]: By John Ramzey, →OCLC, page 54",
          "text": "Now he [Edmund Bonner] was deprived, and had no more to doe with the Bishoprick of London, then with the Bishoprick of Conſtantinople, he had the habituall power of the Keies, but had no flock to exercise it upon.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Regular or usual."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Regular",
          "regular"
        ],
        [
          "usual",
          "usual"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "accustomed"
        },
        {
          "word": "customary"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "He’s a habitual chain-smoker.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1658, Thomas Hall, “[Chap. 3.] Verse 2. For men shall be lovers of themselves, Covetous, Boasters, Proud, Blasphemers, disobedient to Parents, unthankfull, unholy, &c.”, in A Practical and Polemical Commentary: Or, Exposition upon the Third and Fourth Chapters of the Latter Epistle of Saint Paul to Timothy. […], London: Printed by E. Tyler, for John Starkey, […], →OCLC, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LvwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 page [95]]",
          "text": "[N]o drunkard (i.e.) no Habituall, Impenitent drunkard, ſhall come into Gods Kingdome.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "a. 1806, William Paley, W[illiam] Hamilton Reid, “Conversion”, in Beauties Selected from the Writings of the Late William Paley, D.D. Archbishop of Carlisle: […], London: Printed for Sherwood, Neely and Jones, […], published 1810, →OCLC, page 123",
          "text": "The habitual drunkard, the habitual fornicator, the habitual cheat must be converted. The breaking off a habit, especially when we had placed much of our gratification in it, is alone so great a thing, and such a step in our Christian life, as to merit the name of conversion.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1922 July, “Quotations: Defectives, Criminals, and Misdemeanants”, in J. Harold Williams, editor, The Journal of Delinquency, volume VII, number 4, Whittier, Calif.: California Bureau of Juvenile Research, Whittier State School, →OCLC, page 194",
          "text": "That the hospitals for the insane be designated as the proper places for the custody, care, and treatment of constitutionally unstable offenders, whether occasional or habitual offenders, and whether feeble-minded, or non-feeble-minded, [...]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2002, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, “Caffeine and Ephedrine”, in Supplements for Endurance Athletes, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Publishers, page 15",
          "text": "In addition to the dose of caffeine, there are other items that athletes need to be aware of before utilizing caffeine or caffeine-containing products as an ergogenic aid. Habitual caffeine users may respond differently than naïve users [...]. Research indicates that in habitual users, caffeine may increase fat breakdown, but this does not necessarily result in an increase in fat use for energy or an increase in catecholamines or performance.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Deniz Ucbarasan, Paul Westhead, Mike Wright, “Conclusions”, in Habitual Entrepreneurs, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar Publishing, page 205",
          "text": "While some novice entrepreneurs have no intention of becoming a habitual entrepreneur, others do. [...] Accordingly, while 'pure' novice entrepreneurs represent the group of novice entrepreneurs that will remain one-time entrepreneurs, 'transient'; novice entrepreneurs will at least attempt to become habitual entrepreneurs.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "person",
          "person"
        ],
        [
          "thing",
          "thing"
        ],
        [
          "engaging",
          "engage"
        ],
        [
          "behaviour",
          "behaviour"
        ],
        [
          "regularly",
          "regularly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Grammar"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1976, Bernard Comrie, “Perfective and Imperfective”, in Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics; 2), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, section 1.2.1.1 (Habitual and Other Aspectual Values), page 30",
          "text": "In English, for instance, the Habitual Aspect (used to construction) can combine freely with Progressive Aspect, to give such forms as used to be playing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1999, Alexandra Y[urievna] Aikhenvald, “The Arawak Language Family”, in R[obert] M[alcolm] W[ard] Dixon, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, editors, The Amazonian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, section 6.4 (Other Verbal Categories), page 93",
          "text": "The majority of South Arawak, Pareci-Xingu, and Peruvian Arawak languages have a three-fold aspect distinction: completive (completed, perfective or telic action); progressive (action/state in progress; also a durative meaning); and habitual.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "Pertaining",
          "pertain"
        ],
        [
          "action",
          "action"
        ],
        [
          "perform",
          "perform"
        ],
        [
          "customarily",
          "customarily"
        ],
        [
          "ordinarily",
          "ordinarily"
        ],
        [
          "usually",
          "usually"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually."
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:grammar"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "consuetudinal"
        }
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-tjʊ-/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg/En-us-habitual.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "habituall"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "慣常的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "guàncháng de",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "惯常的"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "tavanomainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "habituel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "gewohnt"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "megrögzött"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "note": "megszokottá / megszokássá / mindennapossá vált/váló",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "gréasach"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "ricorrente"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "ripetitivo"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "solito"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "solitus"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obýčnyj",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "обы́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "privýčnyj",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "привы́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "običájen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent",
      "word": "vanemässig"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "sovorakan",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "սովորական"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "običaen",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "обичаен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "tavallinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "tavanomainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "habituel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "gewöhnlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "gewohnt"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "habituell"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "megszokott"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "szokásos"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "szokványos"
    },
    {
      "code": "io",
      "lang": "Ido",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "kustumala"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "rialta"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "persistente"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "usuale"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "obýčnyj",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "обы́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "običájen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "regular or usual",
      "word": "vanlig"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "običaen",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "обичаен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "privičen",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "привичен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "svojstven",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "свойствен"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "習慣的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "xíguàn de",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "习惯的"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "vanemæssig"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "kutima"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "tapa-"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "tavanomainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "gewohnt"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "rendszeres"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "(recidivous) visszaeső"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "rialta"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "abituale"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "corrente"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "solito"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "habitualis"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "matatau"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "de obicei"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pristrastívšijsja",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "пристрасти́вшийся"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "privýčnyj",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "привы́чный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "note": "e.g., of a smoker",
      "roman": "zajádlyj",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "зая́длый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zakorenélyj",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "закорене́лый"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "običájen"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "habitual"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "engaging in some behaviour as a habit",
      "word": "vanemässig"
    }
  ],
  "word": "habitual"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms suffixed with -ual",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for review of Interlingua translations",
    "Requests for review of Telugu translations"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "habitual",
        "t": "of one's inherent disposition"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ML.",
        "3": "habituālis",
        "t": "customary; habitual"
      },
      "expansion": "Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "habitus",
        "t": "character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "adjective",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ālis",
        "pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship"
      },
      "expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "habit",
        "3": "ual"
      },
      "expansion": "habit + -ual",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "habeō",
        "t": "to have; to hold; to own; to possess"
      },
      "expansion": "habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰeh₁bʰ-",
        "t": "to grab, take"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "noun",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "verb"
      },
      "expansion": "verb",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-tus",
        "pos": "suffix forming action nouns from verbs"
      },
      "expansion": "-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "habituals",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "habitual (plural habituals)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ha‧bit‧u‧al"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English colloquialisms",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1870 January 20, G. Hutchinson, “XXIV. The Present State of the Prison Question in British India.”, in Twenty-fifth Annual Report of the Executive Committee of the Prison Association of New York, and Accompanying Documents, for the Year 1869. […] (New York State Senate; 1870, no. 21), Albany, N.Y.: The Argus Company, printers, →OCLC, page 433",
          "text": "It has been suggested that we should classify prisoners as casuals and habituals. If a casual is to be distinguished from an habitual simply by the length of his sentence, this classification would hardly answer.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1997, John Pratt, “Dangerousness: The Birth of a Concept”, in Governing the Dangerous: Dangerousness, Law and Social Change, Leichhardt, N.S.W.: The Federation Press, page 31",
          "text": "However, in an era when legal punishment was dominated by principles of classical justice and Victorian political economy, what else could one do with the habituals other than provide for an accumulation of prison sentences: the more repeated one's crime, the longer one might be sentenced to imprisonment.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2014, Kevin Roose, chapter 11, in Young Money: Inside the Hidden World of Wall Street’s Post-crash Recruits, New York, N.Y.: Grand Central Publishing",
          "text": "Habituals, generally speaking, are the people who might in the context of college admissions be referred to as \"legacies.\" These are people who choose to go into finance either because their parents or siblings work in finance, or because they've grown up with financiers in their immediate social circle. Strictly speaking, most Habituals make it to Wall Street on their own, but their upbringings (in wealthy or upper-middle-class communities) and their educational opportunities (at private high schools and top-tier colleges) have made finance a destination that, if not inevitable, is at least a known and respected option for people in their circumstances.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "One who does something habitually, such as a serial criminal offender."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "habitually",
          "habitually"
        ],
        [
          "serial",
          "serial#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "criminal",
          "criminal#Adjective"
        ],
        [
          "offender",
          "offender"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(colloquial) One who does something habitually, such as a serial criminal offender."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "en:Grammar"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1976, Bernard Comrie, “Perfective and Imperfective”, in Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics; 2), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, section 1.2.1.1 (Habitual and Other Aspectual Values), page 30",
          "text": "Since any situation that can be protracted sufficiently in time, or that can be iterated a sufficient number of times over a long enough period – and this means, in effect, almost any situation – can be expressed as a habitual, it follows that habituality is in principle combinable with various other aspectual values, namely those appropriate to the kind of situation that is prolonged or iterated.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2001, F[rank] R[obert] Palmer, “Subjunctive and Irrealis”, in Mood and Modality (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics), 2nd edition, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, page 191",
          "text": "Indeed, [Thomas] Givón (1994: 323) suggests the habitual is a 'hybrid modality', sharing some features of realis (higher assertive certainty) and some of irrealis ('lack of specific temporal reference; lack of specific evidence; …').",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2004, Elly van Gelderen, “Aspect: The Tense Aspect Parameter and Inner to Outer Aspect”, in Grammaticalization as Economy (Linguistik Aktuell = Linguistics Today; 71), Amsterdam, Philadelphia, Pa.: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISSN, section 5 (Giorgi & Pianesi: The Demise of the Infinitival Ending and Aspect), page 221",
          "text": "Stative verbs such as know and see are not associated with [+perf] since, like habituals, they are associated with a generic operator.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Raymond Hickey, “The Emergence of Irish English”, in Irish English: History and Present-day Forms (Studies in English Language), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, page 216",
          "text": "As an expression of the iterative habitual suffixal -s is by no means recent. It is found in emigrant letters from the early nineteenth century. [...] O'Hara's uses as an inflected first person singular as an iterative habitual, e.g. I hopes the [ ] family are well …, I hopes you will except [sic!] my thanks for the same … (Kean O'Hara, 1818–19). This usage is still to be found in east coast varieties of Irish English.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2007, Howard Jackson, “Grammar: Morphology and Syntax”, in Key Terms in Linguistics, London, New York, N.Y.: Continuum, page 23",
          "text": "For example, repeated occurrence (iteratives or ‘habituals’) in English may be signalled by repeatedly or several times (‘He shouted repeatedly’), or it may be part of the meaning of the verb (‘The bird fluttered its wings’).",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A construction representing something done habitually."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "grammar",
          "grammar"
        ],
        [
          "construction",
          "construction"
        ],
        [
          "represent",
          "represent"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(grammar) A construction representing something done habitually."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "grammar",
        "human-sciences",
        "linguistics",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/-tjʊ-/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg/En-us-habitual.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (GA)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "habitual"
}

{
  "called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
  "msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
  "path": [
    "habitual"
  ],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adjective",
  "title": "habitual",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "XYZunsorted",
  "msg": "habitual/English/adj: 'word' should be a non-empty string (it is a mandatory field): {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"megszokott\\u00e1 / megszok\\u00e1ss\\u00e1 / mindennaposs\\u00e1 v\\u00e1lt/v\\u00e1l\\u00f3\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again \\u2014 see also recurrent\"}: {\"categories\": [\"English 3-syllable words\", \"English 4-syllable words\", \"English adjectives\", \"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Medieval Latin\", \"English terms derived from Middle English\", \"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European\", \"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰeh₁bʰ-\", \"English terms inherited from Middle English\", \"English terms suffixed with -ual\", \"English terms with IPA pronunciation\", \"English terms with audio links\", \"Requests for review of Interlingua translations\", \"Requests for review of Telugu translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"habitual aborter\"}, {\"word\": \"habitual abortion\"}, {\"word\": \"habitual aspect\"}, {\"word\": \"habituality\"}, {\"word\": \"habitualize\"}, {\"word\": \"habitualise\"}, {\"word\": \"habitually\"}, {\"word\": \"habitualness\"}, {\"word\": \"habitual offender\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰeh₁bʰ-\"}, \"expansion\": \"\", \"name\": \"root\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"enm\", \"3\": \"habitual\", \"t\": \"of one's inherent disposition\"}, \"expansion\": \"Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”)\", \"name\": \"inh\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ML.\", \"3\": \"habituālis\", \"t\": \"customary; habitual\"}, \"expansion\": \"Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"habitus\", \"t\": \"character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"adjective\"}, \"expansion\": \"adjective\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"-ālis\", \"pos\": \"suffix forming adjectives of relationship\"}, \"expansion\": \"-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"habit\", \"3\": \"ual\"}, \"expansion\": \"habit + -ual\", \"name\": \"suffix\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"habeō\", \"t\": \"to have; to hold; to own; to possess\"}, \"expansion\": \"habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”)\", \"name\": \"m\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"ine-pro\", \"3\": \"*gʰeh₁bʰ-\", \"t\": \"to grab, take\"}, \"expansion\": \"Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"noun\"}, \"expansion\": \"noun\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"verb\"}, \"expansion\": \"verb\", \"name\": \"glossary\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"la\", \"2\": \"-tus\", \"pos\": \"suffix forming action nouns from verbs\"}, \"expansion\": \"-tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs)\", \"name\": \"m\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"The adjective is derived from Late Middle English habitual (“of one's inherent disposition”), from Medieval Latin habituālis (“customary; habitual”), from Latin habitus (“character; disposition; habit; physical or emotional condition; attire, dress”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship); analysable as habit + -ual. Habitus is derived from habeō (“to have; to hold; to own; to possess”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ- (“to grab, take”)) + -tus (suffix forming action nouns from verbs).\\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"more habitual\", \"tags\": [\"comparative\"]}, {\"form\": \"most habitual\", \"tags\": [\"superlative\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"habitual (comparative more habitual, superlative most habitual)\", \"name\": \"en-adj\"}], \"hyphenation\": [\"ha‧bit‧u‧al\"], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"adj\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"habit\"}, {\"word\": \"habit-forming\"}, {\"word\": \"habituate\"}, {\"tags\": [\"adjective\"], \"word\": \"habituating\"}, {\"word\": \"habituation\"}, {\"word\": \"habituative\"}, {\"word\": \"habitude\"}, {\"word\": \"habitus\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Her habitual lying was the reason for my mistrust.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1617, Zacharias Ursinus, “Quest. 90. What is the Quickning of the New Man?”, in Henrie Parrie [i.e., Henry Parry], David Pareus, transl., The Svmme of Christian Religion, Deliuered Zacharias Vrsinvs in His Lectures vpon the Catechisme, […] Translated into English […], and Lately Conferred with the Last and Best Latine Edition […], London: Imprinted by H. L. and are to be sold by Arthur Iohnson, […], →OCLC, 3rd part (Of Mans Thankefulnes), section 4 (What are the Causes of Conuersion), page 861\", \"text\": \"Thomas Aquinas attributeth preparation vnto free-vvill, but not conuerſion. Now this preparation hee thus coloureth, that it is indeed a furtherance to the habituall grace of cõuersion, but yet through the free aſsiſtance of God mouing vs inwardly.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1655, Rich[ard] Baxter, “Sect. III. The Testimony of Reformed Divines Ascribing as Much to Works as I: And Many of Them Delivering the Same Doctrine.”, in Rich[ard] Baxter’s Confesssion [sic] of His Faith, Especially Concerning the Interest of Repentance and Sincere Obedience to Christ, in Our Justification & Salvation. […], London: Printed by R[obert] W[hite] for Tho[mas] Underhil and Fra[ncis] Tyton, […], →OCLC, page 421\", \"text\": \"There is an actual Grace removing the Power of ſin, before habitual or ſanctifying Grace, the [Holy] Spirit doing it immediately by an omnipotent act, by that which is called actuating moving Grace; Chriſt can and muſt firſt bind the ſtrong man and caſt him out by this working or actual Grace, before he dwels in the houſe of mans heart by habitual and ſanctifying Grace: [...]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1703, Michael Etmullerus [i.e., Michael Ettmüller], “Sect. XIV. Of Diseases Relating to the Lungs and Organs of Respiration.”, in Etmullerus Abridg’d: Or, A Compleat System of the Theory and Practice of Physic. […] Translated from the Last Edition of the Works […], 2nd corrected and much improved edition, London: Printed for Andrew Bell […], and Richard Wellington, […], →OCLC, 1st book, chapter II (Of Inspiration Deprav’d, or Difficult Breathing), article III (Of the Night Mare), page 144\", \"text\": \"The Night-Mare is either Accidental or Habitual. [...] The Habitual is occaſioned by ſome Acid Lymph that diſorders the Spirits and Creates a Paralytic or Convulſive Diſpoſition of the Nerves of the Middriff and Muſcles of the Breast; which by conſent Cramp thoſe of the Wind-Pipe, whoſe Contraction raiſes a ſenſe of ſtrangling, and aboliſhes the power of an Articulate Voice.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1774, W[illiam] Mason, An Affectionate Address to Passionate Professors: Shewing the Blessedness of a Meek and Quiet Spirit: The Evil of Giving Way to Bad Tempers and Sinful Passions; And Pointing Out Some Remedies for Subduing Them, London: Printed for the author; and sold by M. Lewis, […]; and J. Mathews, […], →OCLC, page 11\", \"text\": \"But by a long and habitual courſe of giving way to evil tempers, and indulging ſinful paſſions, a perſon may be ſo blinded thereby as not to ſee the evil thereof, and ſo hardened therein as not to feel the bad effects of them.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1796 September 17, George Washington, “The Address of Gen. Washington to the People of America on His Declining the Presidency of the United States”, in Claypoole’s American Daily Advertiser, Philadelphia, Pa.: D[avid] C. and S. Claypoole, published 19 September 1796, →OCLC; republished as “Address of General Washington on His Resignation”, in The Scots Magazine; or, General Repository of Literature, History, and Politics, volume LVIII (volume III, New Series), Edinburgh: Printed by Alex[ander] Chapman and Company, for James Watson and Company, […], December 1796, →OCLC, page 832, column 1\", \"text\": \"The nation, which indulges towards another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondneſs, is in ſome degree a ſlave: it is a ſlave to its authority or its affection, either of which is ſufficient to lead it aſtray from its duty and its intereſt.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1997, Christine A. Wynd, “Smoking Cessation”, in Barbara Montgomery Dossey, editor, Core Curriculum for Holistic Nursing, Gaithersburg, Md.: Aspen Publishers, page 220\", \"text\": \"KNOWLEDGE COMPETENCIES [...] Explore the rationale behind an individual's smoking habit (nicotine addiction/dependence, psychosocial aspects, and habitual cues).\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring.\"], \"links\": [[\"habit\", \"habit\"], [\"establish\", \"establish\"], [\"perform\", \"perform\"], [\"recurrent\", \"recurrent\"], [\"recurring\", \"recurring#Adjective\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Professor Franklein took his habitual seat at the conference table.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1653, Thomas Shepard, The Sound Beleever. A Treatise of Evangelicall Conversion. Discovering the Work of Christs Spirit, in Reconciling of a Sinner to God, London: Printed for Andrew Crooke […], →OCLC, page 83\", \"text\": \"Our hearts are ſaid to be purified by faith; Acts 15. 9. not our lives onely in the acts of holineſſe and purity, but our heart in the habituall frame of them.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1658, John Bramhall, “The Fourth and Fifth Reasons against This Improbable Fiction, from the No Necessity of It, and the Lesse Advantage of It”, in The Consecration and Succession, of Protestant Bishops Justified. […], Gravenhagh [The Hague]: By John Ramzey, →OCLC, page 54\", \"text\": \"Now he [Edmund Bonner] was deprived, and had no more to doe with the Bishoprick of London, then with the Bishoprick of Conſtantinople, he had the habituall power of the Keies, but had no flock to exercise it upon.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Regular or usual.\"], \"links\": [[\"Regular\", \"regular\"], [\"usual\", \"usual\"]], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"accustomed\"}, {\"word\": \"customary\"}]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English terms with usage examples\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"He’s a habitual chain-smoker.\", \"type\": \"example\"}, {\"ref\": \"1658, Thomas Hall, “[Chap. 3.] Verse 2. For men shall be lovers of themselves, Covetous, Boasters, Proud, Blasphemers, disobedient to Parents, unthankfull, unholy, &c.”, in A Practical and Polemical Commentary: Or, Exposition upon the Third and Fourth Chapters of the Latter Epistle of Saint Paul to Timothy. […], London: Printed by E. Tyler, for John Starkey, […], →OCLC, [https://books.google.com/books?id=LvwqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA95 page [95]]\", \"text\": \"[N]o drunkard (i.e.) no Habituall, Impenitent drunkard, ſhall come into Gods Kingdome.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"a. 1806, William Paley, W[illiam] Hamilton Reid, “Conversion”, in Beauties Selected from the Writings of the Late William Paley, D.D. Archbishop of Carlisle: […], London: Printed for Sherwood, Neely and Jones, […], published 1810, →OCLC, page 123\", \"text\": \"The habitual drunkard, the habitual fornicator, the habitual cheat must be converted. The breaking off a habit, especially when we had placed much of our gratification in it, is alone so great a thing, and such a step in our Christian life, as to merit the name of conversion.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1922 July, “Quotations: Defectives, Criminals, and Misdemeanants”, in J. Harold Williams, editor, The Journal of Delinquency, volume VII, number 4, Whittier, Calif.: California Bureau of Juvenile Research, Whittier State School, →OCLC, page 194\", \"text\": \"That the hospitals for the insane be designated as the proper places for the custody, care, and treatment of constitutionally unstable offenders, whether occasional or habitual offenders, and whether feeble-minded, or non-feeble-minded, [...]\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"2002, Jose Antonio, Jeffrey R. Stout, “Caffeine and Ephedrine”, in Supplements for Endurance Athletes, Champaign, Ill.: Human Kinetics Publishers, page 15\", \"text\": \"In addition to the dose of caffeine, there are other items that athletes need to be aware of before utilizing caffeine or caffeine-containing products as an ergogenic aid. Habitual caffeine users may respond differently than naïve users [...]. Research indicates that in habitual users, caffeine may increase fat breakdown, but this does not necessarily result in an increase in fat use for energy or an increase in catecholamines or performance.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"2006, Deniz Ucbarasan, Paul Westhead, Mike Wright, “Conclusions”, in Habitual Entrepreneurs, Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar Publishing, page 205\", \"text\": \"While some novice entrepreneurs have no intention of becoming a habitual entrepreneur, others do. [...] Accordingly, while 'pure' novice entrepreneurs represent the group of novice entrepreneurs that will remain one-time entrepreneurs, 'transient'; novice entrepreneurs will at least attempt to become habitual entrepreneurs.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly.\"], \"links\": [[\"person\", \"person\"], [\"thing\", \"thing\"], [\"engaging\", \"engage\"], [\"behaviour\", \"behaviour\"], [\"regularly\", \"regularly\"]]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"en:Grammar\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1976, Bernard Comrie, “Perfective and Imperfective”, in Aspect: An Introduction to the Study of Verbal Aspect and Related Problems (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics; 2), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, published 1998, section 1.2.1.1 (Habitual and Other Aspectual Values), page 30\", \"text\": \"In English, for instance, the Habitual Aspect (used to construction) can combine freely with Progressive Aspect, to give such forms as used to be playing.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}, {\"ref\": \"1999, Alexandra Y[urievna] Aikhenvald, “The Arawak Language Family”, in R[obert] M[alcolm] W[ard] Dixon, Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, editors, The Amazonian Languages (Cambridge Language Surveys), Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press, section 6.4 (Other Verbal Categories), page 93\", \"text\": \"The majority of South Arawak, Pareci-Xingu, and Peruvian Arawak languages have a three-fold aspect distinction: completive (completed, perfective or telic action); progressive (action/state in progress; also a durative meaning); and habitual.\", \"type\": \"quotation\"}], \"glosses\": [\"Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually.\"], \"links\": [[\"grammar\", \"grammar\"], [\"Pertaining\", \"pertain\"], [\"action\", \"action\"], [\"perform\", \"perform\"], [\"customarily\", \"customarily\"], [\"ordinarily\", \"ordinarily\"], [\"usually\", \"usually\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(grammar) Pertaining to an action performed customarily, ordinarily, or usually.\"], \"senseid\": [\"en:grammar\"], \"synonyms\": [{\"word\": \"consuetudinal\"}], \"topics\": [\"grammar\", \"human-sciences\", \"linguistics\", \"sciences\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/-tjʊ-/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"]}, {\"audio\": \"En-us-habitual.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg/En-us-habitual.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/En-us-habitual.ogg\", \"tags\": [\"General-American\"], \"text\": \"Audio (GA)\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"tags\": [\"obsolete\"], \"word\": \"habituall\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"慣常的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"guàncháng de\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"惯常的\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"tavanomainen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"habituel\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"gewohnt\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"megrögzött\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"note\": \"megszokottá / megszokássá / mindennapossá vált/váló\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"gréasach\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"ricorrente\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"ripetitivo\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"solito\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"solitus\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"obýčnyj\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"обы́чный\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"privýčnyj\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"привы́чный\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"običájen\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"of or relating to a habit; performed over and over again — see also recurrent\", \"word\": \"vanemässig\"}, {\"code\": \"hy\", \"lang\": \"Armenian\", \"roman\": \"sovorakan\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"սովորական\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"običaen\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"обичаен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"tavallinen\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"tavanomainen\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"habituel\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"gewöhnlich\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"gewohnt\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"habituell\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"megszokott\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"szokásos\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"szokványos\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"kustumala\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"rialta\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"persistente\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"usuale\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"obýčnyj\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"обы́чный\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"običájen\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"regular or usual\", \"word\": \"vanlig\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"običaen\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"обичаен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"privičen\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"привичен\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"svojstven\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"свойствен\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"習慣的\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xíguàn de\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"习惯的\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"vanemæssig\"}, {\"code\": \"eo\", \"lang\": \"Esperanto\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"kutima\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"tapa-\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"tavanomainen\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"gewohnt\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"rendszeres\"}, {\"code\": \"hu\", \"lang\": \"Hungarian\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"(recidivous) visszaeső\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"rialta\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"abituale\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"corrente\"}, {\"code\": \"it\", \"lang\": \"Italian\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"solito\"}, {\"code\": \"la\", \"lang\": \"Latin\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"habitualis\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"matatau\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"ro\", \"lang\": \"Romanian\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"de obicei\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"pristrastívšijsja\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"пристрасти́вшийся\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"privýčnyj\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"привы́чный\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"note\": \"e.g., of a smoker\", \"roman\": \"zajádlyj\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"зая́длый\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"zakorenélyj\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"закорене́лый\"}, {\"code\": \"sl\", \"lang\": \"Slovene\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"običájen\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"habitual\"}, {\"code\": \"sv\", \"lang\": \"Swedish\", \"sense\": \"engaging in some behaviour as a habit\", \"word\": \"vanemässig\"}], \"word\": \"habitual\"}",
  "path": [],
  "section": "English",
  "subsection": "adj",
  "title": "habitual",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.