See fundamental in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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},
{
"ipa": "[fʌn.dəˈmɛn.tɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fundamental.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/En-us-fundamental.ogg/En-us-fundamental.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/En-us-fundamental.ogg",
"tags": [
"California",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɐn.dəˈmen.təl/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fɐn.dəˈmen.tɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"word": "fundamental"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "algebraic fundamental group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "antifundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bifundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "first fundamental form"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental analysis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental constant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental data"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental force"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental frequency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental group"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental interaction"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamentalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamentalist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamentalistic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamentality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamentally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamentalness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental niche"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental painting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental particle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental right"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental science"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental theorem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental theorem of arithmetic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental theorem of calculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundamental unit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "nonfundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "prefundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unfundamental"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foundamental,fundamental"
},
"expansion": "Middle English foundamental, fundamental",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "fundāmentālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fundāmentālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fundāmentum",
"4": "",
"5": "foundation"
},
"expansion": "Latin fundāmentum (“foundation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰudʰmḗn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fundament",
"3": "-al<id:adjectival>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, fundament + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English foundamental, fundamental, from Late Latin fundāmentālis, from Latin fundāmentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. By surface analysis, fundament + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more fundamental",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most fundamental",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fundamental (comparative more fundamental, superlative most fundamental)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fun",
"da",
"men",
"tal"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fundament"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation."
],
"id": "en-fundamental-en-adj-wxkRvW50",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʔasāsiyy",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "أَسَاسِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "əsas"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "əsaslı"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "asnówny",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "асно́ўны"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "fundamjentálʹny",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́льны"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "padstavóvy",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "падставо́вы"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "mōulik",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "মৌলিক"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "fundamentálen",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́лен"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "osnóven",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "осно́вен"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fonamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "gei¹ bun²",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "基本"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīběn",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "基本"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "základní"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "podstatný"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundlæggende"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamenteel"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "põhi-"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "perustavanlaatuinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "olennainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentaalinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "perus-"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fondamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "puʒemdebeli",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ფუძემდებელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "pundamenṭaluri",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ფუნდამენტალური"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "pundamenṭuri",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ფუნდამენტური"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "arsebiti",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "არსებითი"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ʒiritadi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ძირითადი"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundlegend"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundsätzlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "themeliódis",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "θεμελιώδης"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "alapvető"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "osnovnoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fondamentale"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"alt": "きほんてきな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kihonteki na",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "基本的な"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "irgeli",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "іргелі"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "negizgi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "негізгі"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gibonjeok",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "기본적"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentāls"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "aṭisthāna",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "അടിസ്ഥാന"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "maulika",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "മൗലിക"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentali"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fondamentali"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "whakapū"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grunnleggende"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bonyâdi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "بنیادی"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "asâsi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "اساسی"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "podstawowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentalny"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "tiksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "de bază"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osnovnój",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "основно́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osnovopolagájuščij",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "основополага́ющий"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "fundamentálʹnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "suščéstvennyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "суще́ственный"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fȕndamentālan"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ȍsnovān"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "tȅmēljnī"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "cimental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundläggande"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "batayan"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "bunyodi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "бунёдӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "asosi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "асосӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "pʉ́ʉn-tǎan",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "พื้นฐาน"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bʉ̂ʉang-dtôn",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "เบื้องต้น"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "esas"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "temel"
},
{
"_dis1": "90 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
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},
{
"code": "ka",
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"lang_code": "ka",
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"word": "ძირითადი წესი"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
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"tags": [
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],
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{
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"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "θεμέλιο"
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],
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{
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"roman": "kihon",
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"word": "基本"
},
{
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"word": "негіз"
},
{
"code": "ko",
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},
{
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"sense": "a leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article",
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{
"code": "no",
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"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "a leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article",
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{
"code": "nb",
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"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "a leading or primary principle, rule, law, or article",
"word": "grunnleggende"
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{
"code": "pt",
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{
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],
"word": "fundament"
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{
"code": "ru",
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"plural"
],
"word": "осно́вы"
},
{
"code": "ru",
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],
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{
"code": "sh",
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{
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"word": "при́нцип"
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{
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"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
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{
"word": "algebraic fundamental group"
},
{
"word": "antifundamental"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "fundamental painting"
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{
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{
"word": "fundamental right"
},
{
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{
"word": "fundamental theorem"
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{
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},
{
"word": "fundamental theorem of calculus"
},
{
"word": "fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals"
},
{
"word": "fundamental unit"
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{
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{
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{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "foundamental,fundamental"
},
"expansion": "Middle English foundamental, fundamental",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "fundāmentālis"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin fundāmentālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fundāmentum",
"4": "",
"5": "foundation"
},
"expansion": "Latin fundāmentum (“foundation”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰudʰmḗn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fundament",
"3": "-al<id:adjectival>"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, fundament + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English foundamental, fundamental, from Late Latin fundāmentālis, from Latin fundāmentum (“foundation”), from fundō (“to lay the foundation (of something), to found”), from fundus (“bottom”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰudʰmḗn. By surface analysis, fundament + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more fundamental",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most fundamental",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fundamental (comparative more fundamental, superlative most fundamental)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"fun",
"da",
"men",
"tal"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "fundament"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
13
],
[
23,
34
],
[
44,
55
],
[
65,
76
],
[
88,
99
]
],
"tags": [
"collocation"
],
"text": "a fundamental truth; a fundamental axiom; a fundamental element; fundamental principle; fundamental law",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
27,
38
]
],
"text": "A need for belonging seems fundamental to humans.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
319,
330
]
],
"ref": "2013 June 28, Joris Luyendijk, “Our banks are out of control”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 3, page 21:",
"text": "Seeing the British establishment struggle with the financial sector is like watching an alcoholic […]. Until 2008 there was denial over what finance had become. […] But the scandals kept coming, […]. A broad section of the political class now recognises the need for change but remains unable to see the necessity of a fundamental overhaul. Instead it offers fixes and patches.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Essential; extremely important."
],
"links": [
[
"Essential",
"essential"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "elementary"
},
{
"word": "underlying"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fʌn.dəˈmɛn.tɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-fundamental.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/ba/En-us-fundamental.ogg/En-us-fundamental.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/En-us-fundamental.ogg",
"tags": [
"California",
"Southern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌfɐn.dəˈmen.təl/",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[fɐn.dəˈmen.tɫ̩]",
"tags": [
"Australia",
"New-Zealand"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "groundlaying"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "ʔasāsiyy",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "أَسَاسِيّ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "əsas"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "əsaslı"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "asnówny",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "асно́ўны"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "fundamjentálʹny",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́льны"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "padstavóvy",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "падставо́вы"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "mōulik",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "মৌলিক"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "fundamentálen",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́лен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "osnóven",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "осно́вен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fonamental"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"lang_code": "yue",
"roman": "gei¹ bun²",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "基本"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "jīběn",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "基本"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "základní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "podstatný"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundlæggende"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamenteel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamenta"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "põhi-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "perustavanlaatuinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "olennainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentaalinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "perus-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fondamental"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "puʒemdebeli",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ფუძემდებელი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "pundamenṭaluri",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ფუნდამენტალური"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "pundamenṭuri",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ფუნდამენტური"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "arsebiti",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "არსებითი"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ʒiritadi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ძირითადი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundlegend"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundsätzlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "themeliódis",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "θεμελιώδης"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "alapvető"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"lang_code": "izh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "osnovnoi"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fondamentale"
},
{
"alt": "きほんてきな",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "kihonteki na",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "基本的な"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "irgeli",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "іргелі"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "negizgi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "негізгі"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "gibonjeok",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "기본적"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentāls"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "aṭisthāna",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "അടിസ്ഥാന"
},
{
"code": "ml",
"lang": "Malayalam",
"lang_code": "ml",
"roman": "maulika",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "മൗലിക"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentali"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fondamentali"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "whakapū"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grunnleggende"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "bonyâdi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "بنیادی"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "asâsi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "اساسی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "podstawowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamentalny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "tiksi"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "de bază"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osnovnój",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "основно́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "osnovopolagájuščij",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "основополага́ющий"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "fundamentálʹnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "suščéstvennyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "суще́ственный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fȕndamentālan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ȍsnovān"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "tȅmēljnī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "cimental"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "grundläggande"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "fundamental"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "batayan"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "bunyodi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "бунёдӣ"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "asosi",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "асосӣ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "pʉ́ʉn-tǎan",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "พื้นฐาน"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "bʉ̂ʉang-dtôn",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "เบื้องต้น"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "esas"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "temel"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "ana"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "osnovnýj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "основни́й"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "fundamentálʹnyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "фундамента́льний"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pidstavóvyj",
"sense": "pertaining to the foundation or basis; serving for the foundation",
"word": "підставо́вий"
}
],
"word": "fundamental"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fundamental meaning in English (32.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.