See foliation in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "oblique foliation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "foliation"
},
"expansion": "French foliation",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "folium",
"4": "",
"5": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Latin folium (“leaf”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French foliation, from Latin folium (“leaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foliations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "foliation (countable and uncountable, plural foliations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "defoliation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exfoliate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "exfoliation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foliate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "folio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "folium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "refoliation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"geology",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "cleavage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"topics": [
"geology",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "lineation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process of forming into a leaf or leaves."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-JA7s1xqO",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The process of forming into a leaf or leaves."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "32 3 5 25 7 5 9 5 9",
"sense": "growth and arrangement of leaves",
"word": "vernation"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Publishing",
"orig": "en:Publishing",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Mass media",
"Business",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 12 5 2 16 9 13 10 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The process of forming into pages; pagination."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-muixftwc",
"links": [
[
"publishing",
"publishing#Noun"
],
[
"page",
"page"
],
[
"pagination",
"pagination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(publishing) The process of forming into pages; pagination."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "32 51 2 2 2 3 2 2 4",
"sense": "process of forming pages",
"word": "pagination"
}
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Publishing",
"orig": "en:Publishing",
"parents": [
"Industries",
"Mass media",
"Business",
"Culture",
"Media",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Communication",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 14 7 4 19 11 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 12 5 2 16 9 13 10 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 13 6 4 22 11 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 12 8 6 19 12 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 13 8 5 20 11 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 11 8 8 21 10 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 13 8 5 20 11 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The numbering of the folios of a manuscript or a book."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-DI9kt9LD",
"links": [
[
"publishing",
"publishing#Noun"
],
[
"folios",
"folio"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(codicology, publishing) The numbering of the folios of a manuscript or a book."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"codicology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The manner in which the young leaves are disposed within the bud."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-xN6ku8bK",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bud",
"bud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The manner in which the young leaves are disposed within the bud."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or lamina."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-C-RMxAbm",
"links": [
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"foil",
"foil"
],
[
"lamina",
"lamina"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 3 10 9 4 24 13 14 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 9 9 6 20 11 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 14 7 4 19 11 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 12 5 2 16 9 13 10 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 9 6 2 21 11 10 11 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 12 8 6 21 12 16 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chinese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 13 6 4 22 11 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 12 8 6 19 12 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 13 8 5 20 11 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 11 8 8 21 10 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 13 8 5 20 11 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 5 11 7 6 23 11 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 6 14 7 4 21 11 14 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-xnZGe~p1",
"links": [
[
"amalgam",
"amalgam"
],
[
"tin",
"tin"
],
[
"quicksilver",
"quicksilver"
],
[
"looking-glass",
"looking-glass"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 5 9 9 6 20 11 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 14 7 4 19 11 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 13 6 4 22 11 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 12 8 6 19 12 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 13 8 5 20 11 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 13 8 5 20 11 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "The house was a big elaborate limestone affair, evidently new. Winter sunshine sparkled on lace-hung casement, on glass marquise, and the burnished bronze foliations of grille and door.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-OHH71IwO",
"links": [
[
"enrichment",
"enrichment"
],
[
"trefoil",
"trefoil"
],
[
"quatrefoil",
"quatrefoil"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 9 9 6 20 11 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 14 7 4 19 11 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 12 5 2 16 9 13 10 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 13 6 4 22 11 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 12 8 6 19 12 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 13 8 5 20 11 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 11 8 8 21 10 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 13 8 5 20 11 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Warren C. Day, Richard M. Tosdal, E.L. Acosta, J.C. Aruspon, L. Carvajal, E. Cedeño, Glenda Lowry, L.F. Martinez, J.A. Noriega, Fernanco J. Niñez, J. Rojas, F. Prieto, “Geology of the Lo Indreíble Mining District and U-Pb Age of the Early Proterozoic Yuruari Formation of the Pastora Supergroup, Guayana Shield, Venezuela”, in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, numbers 2122-2127, page E-12:",
"text": "Formation of alteration minerals in the host rock during deformation within the shear zone is indicated by the parallel foliation within the secondary micaceous minerals and the unmineralized host schist.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Charles A. Baskerville, Fitzhugh T. Lee, Charles A. Ratté, “Landslide Hazards in Vermont”, in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, published 2043, page 18:",
"text": "The dominant strike orientation of both bedding and foliation of Vermont bedrock is north or northeasterly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Eric C. Beam, Modeling Growth and Rotation of Porphyroblasts and Inclusion Trails, D.G. De Paor, Structural Geology and Personal Computers, p.249",
"text": "They show that curved inclusion trails may form even with no coupling, as the porphyroblast overgrows foliation that is deflected around it."
},
{
"ref": "2004, F. Martín-Hernández, C. M. Lüneburg, C. Aubourg, M. Jackson, “Magnetic fabric: methods and applications - an introduction”, in Magnetic Fabric: Methods and Applications, Geological Society of London, page 3:",
"text": "In sedimentary rocks, the magnetic foliation results from a combination of depositional processes and diagenetic compaction.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of being divided into plates or layers, due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-juOBqR0h",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"crystalline",
"crystalline"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cleavage",
"cleavage"
],
[
"constituent",
"constituent"
],
[
"mica",
"mica"
],
[
"hornblende",
"hornblende"
],
[
"slaty",
"slaty"
],
[
"mineral",
"mineral"
],
[
"transverse",
"transverse"
],
[
"bedding",
"bedding"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of being divided into plates or layers, due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Topology",
"orig": "en:Topology",
"parents": [
"Mathematics",
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 9 9 6 20 11 13 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 4 14 7 4 19 11 20 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 12 5 2 16 9 13 10 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 3 13 6 4 22 11 19 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 12 8 6 19 12 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 13 8 5 20 11 17 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 4 11 8 8 21 10 17 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 3 13 8 5 20 11 18 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, R. C. Penner, Combinatorics of Train Tracks, page 204:",
"text": "Historically, the formalism which first arose for the material we discuss is that of measured foliations in surfaces.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Alberto Candel, Lawrence Conlon, Foliations, Vol.2, p.253",
"text": "We will show that every closed 3-manifold has a foliation of codimension one. In 1952, G. Reeb published his construction of a foliation of the 3-sphere. About twelve years later, W. Lickorish [123] exhibited foliations of codimension one on every closed, orientable 3-manifold."
},
{
"ref": "2004, Paweł Grzegorz Walczak, Dynamics Of Foliations, Groups And Pseudogroups, Monografie Matematyczne: Vol.64, New Series, p.6",
"text": "The simplest example of a foliation is provided by a single submersion F : M → N, M and N being manifolds."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A set of submanifolds of a given manifold, each of which is of lower dimension than it, but which, taken together, are coextensive with it."
],
"id": "en-foliation-en-noun-xw0mQEpJ",
"links": [
[
"topology",
"topology"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"submanifold",
"submanifold"
],
[
"manifold",
"manifold"
],
[
"dimension",
"dimension"
],
[
"coextensive",
"coextensive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(topology) A set of submanifolds of a given manifold, each of which is of lower dimension than it, but which, taken together, are coextensive with it."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"topology"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "yè céng jiégòu",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"word": "叶层结构"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "foliering"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feuilletage"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Blätterung"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folheação"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "listovatostʹ",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "листоватость"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folijacija"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 4 5 5 2 10 4 8 57",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foliación"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fəʊlɪˈeɪʃn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foliation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Foliation (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "foliation"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən",
"Rhymes:English/eɪʃən/4 syllables",
"Terms with Chinese translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "oblique foliation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "foliation"
},
"expansion": "French foliation",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "folium",
"4": "",
"5": "leaf"
},
"expansion": "Latin folium (“leaf”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From French foliation, from Latin folium (“leaf”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "foliations",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "foliation (countable and uncountable, plural foliations)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "defoliation"
},
{
"word": "exfoliate"
},
{
"word": "exfoliation"
},
{
"word": "foliate"
},
{
"word": "folio"
},
{
"word": "folium"
},
{
"word": "refoliation"
},
{
"topics": [
"geology",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "cleavage"
},
{
"topics": [
"geology",
"geography",
"natural-sciences"
],
"word": "lineation"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The process of forming into a leaf or leaves."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"form",
"form"
],
[
"leaf",
"leaf"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The process of forming into a leaf or leaves."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Publishing"
],
"glosses": [
"The process of forming into pages; pagination."
],
"links": [
[
"publishing",
"publishing#Noun"
],
[
"page",
"page"
],
[
"pagination",
"pagination"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(publishing) The process of forming into pages; pagination."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"media",
"publishing"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Publishing"
],
"glosses": [
"The numbering of the folios of a manuscript or a book."
],
"links": [
[
"publishing",
"publishing#Noun"
],
[
"folios",
"folio"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(codicology, publishing) The numbering of the folios of a manuscript or a book."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"codicology",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"The manner in which the young leaves are disposed within the bud."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"bud",
"bud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) The manner in which the young leaves are disposed within the bud."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of beating a metal into a thin plate, leaf, foil, or lamina."
],
"links": [
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"foil",
"foil"
],
[
"lamina",
"lamina"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The act of coating with an amalgam of tin foil and quicksilver, as in making looking-glasses."
],
"links": [
[
"amalgam",
"amalgam"
],
[
"tin",
"tin"
],
[
"quicksilver",
"quicksilver"
],
[
"looking-glass",
"looking-glass"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "The house was a big elaborate limestone affair, evidently new. Winter sunshine sparkled on lace-hung casement, on glass marquise, and the burnished bronze foliations of grille and door.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The enrichment of an opening by means of foils, arranged in trefoils, quatrefoils, etc.; also, one of the ornaments."
],
"links": [
[
"enrichment",
"enrichment"
],
[
"trefoil",
"trefoil"
],
[
"quatrefoil",
"quatrefoil"
],
[
"ornament",
"ornament"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1983, Warren C. Day, Richard M. Tosdal, E.L. Acosta, J.C. Aruspon, L. Carvajal, E. Cedeño, Glenda Lowry, L.F. Martinez, J.A. Noriega, Fernanco J. Niñez, J. Rojas, F. Prieto, “Geology of the Lo Indreíble Mining District and U-Pb Age of the Early Proterozoic Yuruari Formation of the Pastora Supergroup, Guayana Shield, Venezuela”, in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, numbers 2122-2127, page E-12:",
"text": "Formation of alteration minerals in the host rock during deformation within the shear zone is indicated by the parallel foliation within the secondary micaceous minerals and the unmineralized host schist.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1993, Charles A. Baskerville, Fitzhugh T. Lee, Charles A. Ratté, “Landslide Hazards in Vermont”, in U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, published 2043, page 18:",
"text": "The dominant strike orientation of both bedding and foliation of Vermont bedrock is north or northeasterly.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Eric C. Beam, Modeling Growth and Rotation of Porphyroblasts and Inclusion Trails, D.G. De Paor, Structural Geology and Personal Computers, p.249",
"text": "They show that curved inclusion trails may form even with no coupling, as the porphyroblast overgrows foliation that is deflected around it."
},
{
"ref": "2004, F. Martín-Hernández, C. M. Lüneburg, C. Aubourg, M. Jackson, “Magnetic fabric: methods and applications - an introduction”, in Magnetic Fabric: Methods and Applications, Geological Society of London, page 3:",
"text": "In sedimentary rocks, the magnetic foliation results from a combination of depositional processes and diagenetic compaction.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of being divided into plates or layers, due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"crystalline",
"crystalline"
],
[
"rock",
"rock"
],
[
"plate",
"plate"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"cleavage",
"cleavage"
],
[
"constituent",
"constituent"
],
[
"mica",
"mica"
],
[
"hornblende",
"hornblende"
],
[
"slaty",
"slaty"
],
[
"mineral",
"mineral"
],
[
"transverse",
"transverse"
],
[
"bedding",
"bedding"
],
[
"pressure",
"pressure"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) The property, possessed by some crystalline rocks, of being divided into plates or layers, due to the cleavage structure of one of the constituents, as mica or hornblende. It may sometimes include slaty structure or cleavage, though the latter is usually independent of any mineral constituent, and transverse to the bedding, it having been produced by pressure."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Topology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, R. C. Penner, Combinatorics of Train Tracks, page 204:",
"text": "Historically, the formalism which first arose for the material we discuss is that of measured foliations in surfaces.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2003, Alberto Candel, Lawrence Conlon, Foliations, Vol.2, p.253",
"text": "We will show that every closed 3-manifold has a foliation of codimension one. In 1952, G. Reeb published his construction of a foliation of the 3-sphere. About twelve years later, W. Lickorish [123] exhibited foliations of codimension one on every closed, orientable 3-manifold."
},
{
"ref": "2004, Paweł Grzegorz Walczak, Dynamics Of Foliations, Groups And Pseudogroups, Monografie Matematyczne: Vol.64, New Series, p.6",
"text": "The simplest example of a foliation is provided by a single submersion F : M → N, M and N being manifolds."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A set of submanifolds of a given manifold, each of which is of lower dimension than it, but which, taken together, are coextensive with it."
],
"links": [
[
"topology",
"topology"
],
[
"set",
"set"
],
[
"submanifold",
"submanifold"
],
[
"manifold",
"manifold"
],
[
"dimension",
"dimension"
],
[
"coextensive",
"coextensive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(topology) A set of submanifolds of a given manifold, each of which is of lower dimension than it, but which, taken together, are coextensive with it."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"mathematics",
"sciences",
"topology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fəʊlɪˈeɪʃn/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-foliation.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ae/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-foliation.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪʃən"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "process of forming pages",
"word": "pagination"
},
{
"sense": "growth and arrangement of leaves",
"word": "vernation"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "yè céng jiégòu",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"word": "叶层结构"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "foliering"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feuilletage"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Blätterung"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folheação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "listovatostʹ",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "листоватость"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "folijacija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "topology: a set of subspaces coextensive with a manifold",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "foliación"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Foliation (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "foliation"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foliation meaning in English (10.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.