See excoriate in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "excoriatingly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unexcoriated"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th"
},
"expansion": "ᵗʰ",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"nocap": "1",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excoriātus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle), borrowed from Late Latin excoriātus perfect passive participle of excoriō (“to take the skin or hide off, flay, skin”), from ex- (“out off, from”) + corium (“hide, skin”) + -ō. Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, later archaic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "excoriates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "excoriating",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "excoriated",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "excoriated",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "excoriate (third-person singular simple present excoriates, present participle excoriating, simple past and past participle excoriated)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to remove the skin and/or fur of, to flay, to skin"
],
"id": "en-excoriate-en-verb-CbdXMLw~",
"links": [
[
"remove",
"remove"
],
[
"flay",
"flay"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to remove the skin and/or fur of, to flay, to skin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "excarnate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To wear off the skin of; to chafe."
],
"id": "en-excoriate-en-verb-au-TzHeD",
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
],
[
"chafe",
"chafe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wear off the skin of; to chafe."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abrade"
},
{
"word": "chafe"
},
{
"word": "flay"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kašin kʻertʻel",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "կաշին քերթել"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "odiram",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "одирам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obelvam",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "обелвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "sedřít"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "stáhnout"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "schrammen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excorier"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "abschürfen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "abscheuern"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "wund reiben"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "horzsol"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "felhorzsol"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "feldörzsöl"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "kidörzsöl"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"english": "wound/injure",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"translation": "wound/injure",
"word": "felsebez"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "lehorzsol"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "escoriare"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriō"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lupi",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "лупи"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dere",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "дере"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "escoriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "iqhay"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ssáživatʹ",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "сса́живать"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sdirátʹ kóžu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "сдира́ть ко́жу"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "rùisg"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "treulio"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "rhwbio"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 94 2",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "rhwto"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
34
]
],
"text": "The teacher continued to excoriate the student after his academic issues.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
113,
124
]
],
"ref": "2004, China Miéville, Iron Council, Trade paperback edition, published 2005, →ISBN, page 464:",
"text": "Madeleina di Farja had described Ori, and Cutter had envisaged an angry, frantic, pugnacious boy eager to fight, excoriating his comrades for supposed quiescence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
82,
93
]
],
"ref": "2006 September 13, Patrick Healy, “Spitzer and Clinton Win in N.Y. Primary”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Mr. Green, a former city public advocate and candidate for mayor in 2001, ran ads excoriating Mr. Cuomo’s ethics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
74,
84
]
],
"ref": "2022 April 5, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:",
"text": "The tabloids branded him forevermore as the “love rat,” and Pasternak was excoriated for peddling mawkish fantasy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
116
]
],
"ref": "2024 September 4, Robert Booth, Emine Sinmaz, “Police under pressure to accelerate criminal investigation into Grenfell fire”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Police are under pressure to accelerate the criminal investigation into the Grenfell Tower fire after an excoriating report found that companies operated with “systematic dishonesty” and that all 72 deaths were avoidable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strongly condemn or criticize."
],
"id": "en-excoriate-en-verb-uRVGRF3r",
"links": [
[
"condemn",
"condemn"
],
[
"criticize",
"criticize"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To strongly condemn or criticize."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "denounce"
},
{
"word": "disparage"
},
{
"word": "reprobate"
},
{
"word": "tear a strip off"
},
{
"word": "criticize"
},
{
"word": "criticise"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "condemnar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "censurar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "reprovar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ztrhat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fordømme"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "haukkua pataluhaksi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ripittää"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "sättiä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fustiger"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "scharf verurteilen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "vernichtend kritisieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "mit vernichtender Kritik überziehen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "kein gutes Haar lassen an"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ostoroz"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "élesen bírál"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "lehord"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ledorongol"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "lesújtó / megsemmisítő kritikával illet"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "excoriō"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "osuduva",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "осудува"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "whakakinokino"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "whakatapitapi"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "raznosítʹ",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "разноси́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ponosítʹ",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "поноси́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gromítʹ",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "громи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fustigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fflangellu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 5 94",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "llachio"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈskɔɹ.iˌeɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈskoʊɹ.iˌeɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Modern English",
"Middle English"
],
"word": "excoriate"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th"
},
"expansion": "ᵗʰ",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"nocap": "1",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excoriātus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle), borrowed from Late Latin excoriātus perfect passive participle of excoriō (“to take the skin or hide off, flay, skin”), from ex- (“out off, from”) + corium (“hide, skin”) + -ō. Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, later archaic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more excoriate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most excoriate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "excoriate (comparative more excoriate, superlative most excoriate)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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"ref": "c. 1543, Thomas Phaer, translation of Jean Goëvrot's Regiment of Lyfe:",
"text": "If the bowelles be excoriate, ye shall gyue thys peculier remedy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excoriated."
],
"id": "en-excoriate-en-adj-R6O2sCx5",
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[
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"excoriated"
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"(as a participle) Excoriated."
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"as a participle"
],
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{
"word": "excoriation"
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{
"word": "excoriator"
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"tags": [
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]
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"ipa": "/ɪkˈskɔɹ.iˌeɪt/",
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{
"categories": [
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"English terms derived from Late Latin",
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"Terms with Hungarian translations",
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"Terms with Russian translations",
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"derived": [
{
"word": "excoriatingly"
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{
"word": "unexcoriated"
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "ᵗʰ",
"name": "sup"
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{
"args": {
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"3": "I"
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"expansion": "i",
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{
"args": {
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{
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"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle",
"sc": "",
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"ts": ""
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"expansion": "Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh"
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{
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"expansion": "inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
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"expansion": "Late Latin excoriātus",
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "perfect",
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
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"expansion": "participle",
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],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle), borrowed from Late Latin excoriātus perfect passive participle of excoriō (“to take the skin or hide off, flay, skin”), from ex- (“out off, from”) + corium (“hide, skin”) + -ō. Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, later archaic.",
"forms": [
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"form": "excoriates",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "excoriating",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
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"past"
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}
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
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"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"to remove the skin and/or fur of, to flay, to skin"
],
"links": [
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"remove"
],
[
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[
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"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to remove the skin and/or fur of, to flay, to skin"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "excarnate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To wear off the skin of; to chafe."
],
"links": [
[
"skin",
"skin"
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[
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"chafe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To wear off the skin of; to chafe."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abrade"
},
{
"word": "chafe"
},
{
"word": "flay"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
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},
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"English transitive verbs"
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"text": "The teacher continued to excoriate the student after his academic issues.",
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"ref": "2004, China Miéville, Iron Council, Trade paperback edition, published 2005, →ISBN, page 464:",
"text": "Madeleina di Farja had described Ori, and Cutter had envisaged an angry, frantic, pugnacious boy eager to fight, excoriating his comrades for supposed quiescence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "2006 September 13, Patrick Healy, “Spitzer and Clinton Win in N.Y. Primary”, in New York Times:",
"text": "Mr. Green, a former city public advocate and candidate for mayor in 2001, ran ads excoriating Mr. Cuomo’s ethics.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"ref": "2022 April 5, Tina Brown, “How Princess Diana’s Dance With the Media Impacted William and Harry”, in Vanity Fair:",
"text": "The tabloids branded him forevermore as the “love rat,” and Pasternak was excoriated for peddling mawkish fantasy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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116
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"ref": "2024 September 4, Robert Booth, Emine Sinmaz, “Police under pressure to accelerate criminal investigation into Grenfell fire”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "Police are under pressure to accelerate the criminal investigation into the Grenfell Tower fire after an excoriating report found that companies operated with “systematic dishonesty” and that all 72 deaths were avoidable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To strongly condemn or criticize."
],
"links": [
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[
"criticize",
"criticize"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To strongly condemn or criticize."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "denounce"
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{
"word": "disparage"
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{
"word": "reprobate"
},
{
"word": "tear a strip off"
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{
"word": "criticize"
},
{
"word": "criticise"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"tags": [
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"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "kašin kʻertʻel",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "կաշին քերթել"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "odiram",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "одирам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "obelvam",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "обелвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "sedřít"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "stáhnout"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "schrammen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "hiertää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excorier"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "abschürfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "abscheuern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "wund reiben"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "horzsol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "felhorzsol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "feldörzsöl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "kidörzsöl"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"english": "wound/injure",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"translation": "wound/injure",
"word": "felsebez"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "lehorzsol"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "escoriare"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriō"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "lupi",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "лупи"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "dere",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "дере"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "escoriar"
},
{
"code": "qu",
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "iqhay"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ssáživatʹ",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "сса́живать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "sdirátʹ kóžu",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "сдира́ть ко́жу"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "rùisg"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "excoriar"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "treulio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "rhwbio"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to wear off the skin of",
"word": "rhwto"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "condemnar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "censurar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "reprovar"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ztrhat"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fordømme"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "haukkua pataluhaksi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ripittää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "sättiä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fustiger"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "scharf verurteilen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "vernichtend kritisieren"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "mit vernichtender Kritik überziehen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "kein gutes Haar lassen an"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ostoroz"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "élesen bírál"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "lehord"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "ledorongol"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "lesújtó / megsemmisítő kritikával illet"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "excoriō"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "osuduva",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "осудува"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "whakakinokino"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "whakatapitapi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "hudflette"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "raznosítʹ",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "разноси́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ponosítʹ",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "поноси́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "gromítʹ",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "громи́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fustigar"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "fflangellu"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"sense": "to strongly denounce or censure",
"word": "llachio"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Modern English",
"Middle English"
],
"word": "excoriate"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English obsolete terms",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"R:MED Online lacking pos",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Quechua translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th"
},
"expansion": "ᵗʰ",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "1",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "i",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inherited"
},
"expansion": "inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "excoriaten",
"4": "*excoriaten",
"nocap": "1",
"pos": "only attested in its past participle"
},
"expansion": "inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la-lat",
"3": "excoriātus"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin excoriātus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perfect"
},
"expansion": "perfect",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "passive"
},
"expansion": "passive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "participle"
},
"expansion": "participle",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in the first part of the 15ᵗʰ century, in Middle English; inherited from Middle English *excoriaten (only attested in its past participle), borrowed from Late Latin excoriātus perfect passive participle of excoriō (“to take the skin or hide off, flay, skin”), from ex- (“out off, from”) + corium (“hide, skin”) + -ō. Regular participial usage of the adjective up until Early Modern English, later archaic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more excoriate",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most excoriate",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "excoriate (comparative more excoriate, superlative most excoriate)",
"name": "en-adj"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "obsolete"
},
"expansion": "(obsolete)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "excoriation"
},
{
"word": "excoriator"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
28
]
],
"ref": "c. 1543, Thomas Phaer, translation of Jean Goëvrot's Regiment of Lyfe:",
"text": "If the bowelles be excoriate, ye shall gyue thys peculier remedy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Excoriated."
],
"links": [
[
"Excoriated",
"excoriated"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(as a participle) Excoriated."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as a participle"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈskɔɹ.iˌeɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɪkˈskoʊɹ.iˌeɪt/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-excoriate.wav.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Early Modern English",
"Middle English"
],
"word": "excoriate"
}
Download raw JSONL data for excoriate meaning in English (18.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.