See bugbear in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bugbearish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bug",
"3": "bear",
"gloss1": "something terrifying"
},
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"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "bugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bugge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bugbears",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bête noire"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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}
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "42 6 29 23",
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{
"ref": "1940 November, O. S. M. Raw, “The Rhodesia Railways—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 592:",
"text": "Stone ballast is now used throughout the main line, and has the additional advantage of eliminating the previous bugbear of dust.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1962 January, “Talking of Trains: Hull's level crossing problem”, in Modern Railways, page 10:",
"text": "Level crossings are the bugbear of railway operation at Hull. There are no fewer than 16 within the city boundary.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 December 18, “The billionaire battle for the metaverse”, in The Economist, →ISSN:",
"text": "Next, they operate in constrained worlds. Apple is a particular bugbear for Mr Zuckerberg and Mr Sweeney.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ongoing problem; a recurring obstacle or adversity."
],
"id": "en-bugbear-en-noun-Mr5yu9Vc",
"links": [
[
"ongoing",
"ongoing"
],
[
"problem",
"problem"
],
[
"recurring",
"recurring"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
],
[
"adversity",
"adversity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pet peeve"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "černá můra"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"word": "bête noire"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"word": "kiusa"
},
{
"_dis1": "95 3 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"word": "riesa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 35 28 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1709, John Dryden, \"Lucretius: A Poem against the Fear of Death\" (lines 1-2), published in a pamphlet of the same name with an Ode in Memory of Mrs. Ann Killebrew",
"text": "What has this Bugbear Death to frighten Man,\nIf Souls can die, as well as Bodies can?"
},
{
"ref": "1738, Alexander Pope, Epistle I of the First Book of Horace; to Lord Bolingbroke:",
"text": "But, to the world no bugbear is so great\nAs want of figure and a small estate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC:",
"text": "What have I done to be made a bugbear of, and to be shunned and dreaded as if I brought the plague?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A source of dread; resentment; or irritation."
],
"id": "en-bugbear-en-noun-fRwJrmwq",
"links": [
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"resentment",
"resentment"
],
[
"irritation",
"irritation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anathema"
},
{
"word": "antipathy"
},
{
"word": "bête noire"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plašilo",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "плашило"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strašák (v hlavě)"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "boeman"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "schrikbeeld"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "henkilökohtainen mörkö"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "peikko (in a possessive structure)",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strášilo",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стра́шило"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 96 3",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kóšmar",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́шмар"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fantasy",
"orig": "en:Fantasy",
"parents": [
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Folklore",
"orig": "en:Folklore",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "26 7 39 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 7 40 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 3 42 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 17 42 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 15 40 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 40 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 9 37 27",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 13 38 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 8 36 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 18 36 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 23 37 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 18 40 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 16 39 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 35 28 28",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fear",
"orig": "en:Fear",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 94 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fiction",
"orig": "en:Fiction",
"parents": [
"Artistic works",
"Art",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "Ha, ha: alas poore wretch: a poore Chipochia, haſt not ſlept to night? would he not (a naughty man) let it ſleepe: a bug-beare take him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter XXII, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "“How could you lie so glaringly as to affirm I hated the ‘poor child’? and invent bugbear stories to terrify her from my door-stones?[…]”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1853, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Golden Fleece”, in Tanglewood Tales:",
"text": "\"My young friends,\" quietly replied Jason, \"I do not wonder that you think the dragon very terrible. You have grown up from infancy in the fear of this monster, and therefore still regard him with the awe that children feel for the bugbears and hobgoblins which their nurses have talked to them about.[…]\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Carl Schurz, For Truth, Justice and Liberty:",
"text": "The partisans of the Administration object to the word “imperialism,” calling it a mere bugbear having no real existence.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children."
],
"id": "en-bugbear-en-noun-NkmTgIzP",
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"fantasy",
"fantasy"
],
[
"goblin",
"goblin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, fantasy) A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"fantasy",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xióngfēng",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "熊蜂"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "strašidlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "spookbeeld"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "menninkäinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "mörkö"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schrat"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bampoúlas",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μπαμπούλας"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phóbētron",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φόβητρον"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "mumus"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 6 90",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strašílište",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "страши́лиште"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bâr",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bär",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bug-bear"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bugbear"
],
"word": "bugbear"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bug",
"3": "bear",
"gloss1": "something terrifying"
},
"expansion": "bug (“something terrifying”) + bear",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "bugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bugge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bugbears",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugbearing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bugbeared",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bugbeared",
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"past"
]
}
],
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 8 36 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 35 28 28",
"kind": "topical",
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"name": "Fear",
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"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alarm with idle phantoms."
],
"id": "en-bugbear-en-verb-9JTNWxLm",
"links": [
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
],
[
"idle",
"idle"
],
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To alarm with idle phantoms."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bâr",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bär",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "bug-bear"
}
],
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],
"word": "bugbear"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"en:Fear",
"en:Fiction"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bugbearish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "bug",
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"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bugge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bugbears",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bugbear (plural bugbears)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bête noire"
},
{
"word": "bogeyman"
},
{
"word": "bugaboo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1940 November, O. S. M. Raw, “The Rhodesia Railways—I”, in Railway Magazine, page 592:",
"text": "Stone ballast is now used throughout the main line, and has the additional advantage of eliminating the previous bugbear of dust.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1962 January, “Talking of Trains: Hull's level crossing problem”, in Modern Railways, page 10:",
"text": "Level crossings are the bugbear of railway operation at Hull. There are no fewer than 16 within the city boundary.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2021 December 18, “The billionaire battle for the metaverse”, in The Economist, →ISSN:",
"text": "Next, they operate in constrained worlds. Apple is a particular bugbear for Mr Zuckerberg and Mr Sweeney.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An ongoing problem; a recurring obstacle or adversity."
],
"links": [
[
"ongoing",
"ongoing"
],
[
"problem",
"problem"
],
[
"recurring",
"recurring"
],
[
"obstacle",
"obstacle"
],
[
"adversity",
"adversity"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pet peeve"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1709, John Dryden, \"Lucretius: A Poem against the Fear of Death\" (lines 1-2), published in a pamphlet of the same name with an Ode in Memory of Mrs. Ann Killebrew",
"text": "What has this Bugbear Death to frighten Man,\nIf Souls can die, as well as Bodies can?"
},
{
"ref": "1738, Alexander Pope, Epistle I of the First Book of Horace; to Lord Bolingbroke:",
"text": "But, to the world no bugbear is so great\nAs want of figure and a small estate.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1840 April – 1841 November, Charles Dickens, The Old Curiosity Shop. A Tale. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], published 1841, →OCLC:",
"text": "What have I done to be made a bugbear of, and to be shunned and dreaded as if I brought the plague?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A source of dread; resentment; or irritation."
],
"links": [
[
"dread",
"dread"
],
[
"resentment",
"resentment"
],
[
"irritation",
"irritation"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "anathema"
},
{
"word": "antipathy"
},
{
"word": "bête noire"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Fantasy",
"en:Folklore"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:",
"text": "Ha, ha: alas poore wretch: a poore Chipochia, haſt not ſlept to night? would he not (a naughty man) let it ſleepe: a bug-beare take him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter XXII, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume (please specify |volume=I or II), London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "“How could you lie so glaringly as to affirm I hated the ‘poor child’? and invent bugbear stories to terrify her from my door-stones?[…]”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1853, Nathaniel Hawthorne, “The Golden Fleece”, in Tanglewood Tales:",
"text": "\"My young friends,\" quietly replied Jason, \"I do not wonder that you think the dragon very terrible. You have grown up from infancy in the fear of this monster, and therefore still regard him with the awe that children feel for the bugbears and hobgoblins which their nurses have talked to them about.[…]\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1900, Carl Schurz, For Truth, Justice and Liberty:",
"text": "The partisans of the Administration object to the word “imperialism,” calling it a mere bugbear having no real existence.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children."
],
"links": [
[
"folklore",
"folklore"
],
[
"fantasy",
"fantasy"
],
[
"goblin",
"goblin"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(folklore, fantasy) A generic creature, often described as a large goblin, meant to inspire fear in children."
],
"topics": [
"arts",
"fantasy",
"folklore",
"history",
"human-sciences",
"literature",
"media",
"publishing",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bâr",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bär",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bug-bear"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "černá můra"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"word": "bête noire"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"word": "kiusa"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "ongoing problem",
"word": "riesa"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "plašilo",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "плашило"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "strašák (v hlavě)"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "boeman"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "schrikbeeld"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"word": "henkilökohtainen mörkö"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "peikko (in a possessive structure)",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strášilo",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "стра́шило"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kóšmar",
"sense": "source of dread, resentment or irritation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ко́шмар"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xióngfēng",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "熊蜂"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "strašidlo"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "spookbeeld"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "menninkäinen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "mörkö"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Schrat"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "bampoúlas",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μπαμπούλας"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "phóbētron",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "φόβητρον"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"word": "mumus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "strašílište",
"sense": "imaginary creature",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "страши́лиште"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bugbear"
],
"word": "bugbear"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"en:Fear",
"en:Fiction"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bug",
"3": "bear",
"gloss1": "something terrifying"
},
"expansion": "bug (“something terrifying”) + bear",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "bugge"
},
"expansion": "Middle English bugge",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From obsolete meaning of bug (“something terrifying”) + bear. See Middle English bugge, modern bogey.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bugbears",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bugbearing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bugbeared",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bugbeared",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bugbear (third-person singular simple present bugbears, present participle bugbearing, simple past and past participle bugbeared)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To alarm with idle phantoms."
],
"links": [
[
"alarm",
"alarm"
],
[
"idle",
"idle"
],
[
"phantom",
"phantom"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To alarm with idle phantoms."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛə(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛː(ɹ)/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bâr",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2a/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bugbear.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈbʌɡ.bɛɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"enpr": "ˈbŭg-bär",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bug-bear"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"bugbear"
],
"word": "bugbear"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bugbear meaning in English (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.