See bogus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogosity"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogotic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogotify"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogusly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bogusness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Bogus Ordo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ha",
"3": "boko",
"4": "",
"5": "to fake"
},
"expansion": "Hausa boko (“to fake”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested as an underworld term for an apparatus for creating counterfeit coins, then the coins themselves. Later, the word was applied to anything of poor quality. The newest use to mean useless is probably from the slang of computer hackers.\nThe origin is unknown, but there are at least two theories that try to trace its origin:\n* From Hausa boko (“to fake”). Since bogus first appeared in the United States, it may be possible that its ancestor was brought there on a slave ship.\n* From criminal slang as a short form of tantrabogus, a 19th-century slang term for a menacing object, making some believe that bogus might be linked to bogy or bogey (see bogeyman). In this sense, Bogus might be related to Bogle – a traditional trickster from the Scottish Borders, noted for achieving acts of household trickery; confusing, but not usually damaging.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more bogus",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most bogus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bogus (comparative more bogus, superlative most bogus)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1842, Daniel Parish Kidder, Mormonism and the Mormons: A Historical View of the Rise and Progress of the Sect Self-styled Latter-Day Saints, Carlton & Lanahan:",
"text": "[…] that he and David Whitmer swore falsley, stole, cheated, lied, sold bogus money, (base coin,), and also stones and sand for bogus; that letters in the post-office had been opened, read, and destroyed; and that those same men were concerned with a gang of counterfeiters, coiners, and blacklegs.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Alphonso Alva Hopkins, Wealth and Waste: The Principles of Political Economy in Their Application to the Present Problems of Labor, Law, and the Liquor Traffic, Funk & Wagnalls Company:",
"text": "They have printed bogus despatches, and unhesitatingly used what they knew was bogus matter in a way to mislead even newspaper men.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921, Burton J. Hendrick, The Age of Big Business:",
"text": "The organization of “bogus companies,” started purely for the purpose of eliminating competitors, seems to have been a not infrequent practice.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Counterfeit or fake; not genuine."
],
"id": "en-bogus-en-adj-~u3~NROM",
"links": [
[
"Counterfeit",
"counterfeit"
],
[
"fake",
"fake"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "phony"
},
{
"word": "fake"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zāʔif",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "زَائِف"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāḏib",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "كَاذِب"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muzawwar",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "مُزَوَّر"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falšiv",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фалшив"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fiktiven",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фиктивен"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lǎžliv",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "лъжлив"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎ",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "假"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "偽"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěi",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "伪"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "虛偽"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xūwěi",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "虚伪"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falešný"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falšovaný"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "nepravý"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "vervalst"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "väärä"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "väärennetty"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "tekaistu"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "teko-"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "vale-"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "bidon"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "gefälscht"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "unecht"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "Schein-"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óekta"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falskur"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svikinn"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "gadungan"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsificato"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "truccato"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nise-no",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "偽の"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyogi",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "虚偽"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inchiki-no",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "いんちきの"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "tahupera"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "tipatipa"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "parau"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "fals"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsificat"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "fałszywy"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "zmyślony"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsificado"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "adulterado"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddélʹnyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "подде́льный"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fiktívnyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фикти́вный"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falʹšívyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фальши́вый"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóžnyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "ло́жный"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falso"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsificado"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "adulterado"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "trapicheado"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barato"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "sahte"
},
{
"_dis1": "86 0 1 12 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "yapmacık"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1982, Cameron Crowe, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, spoken by Jeff Spicoli (Sean Penn):",
"text": "What Jefferson was saying was, Hey! You know, we left this England place 'cause it was bogus; so if we don't get some cool rules ourselves - pronto - we'll just be bogus too! Get it?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Undesirable or harmful."
],
"id": "en-bogus-en-adj-~XuExDkW",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Undesirable or harmful."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 96 1 2 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "undesirable or harmful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nul"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "en:Computing",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 25 15 26 25 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 22 17 27 26 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 18 19 29 28 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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{
"_dis": "1 0 20 18 29 29 3",
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{
"_dis": "6 2 22 20 17 21 12",
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{
"_dis": "9 2 21 21 17 19 11",
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"_dis": "3 1 28 21 22 21 4",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Incorrect, useless, or broken."
],
"id": "en-bogus-en-adj-OYYEaWas",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"Incorrect",
"incorrect"
],
[
"useless",
"useless"
],
[
"broken",
"broken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, slang) Incorrect, useless, or broken."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "hors d’usage"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "fichu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "foutu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "niqué"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "gâté"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foireux"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "falsch"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "unbrauchbar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "brutto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "fritto"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "rot"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "copat"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "incorrècte"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "inutil"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "fotut"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korjavyj",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "корявый"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "averiado"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "pajolero"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "jodido"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 92 2 4",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "yanlış"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Philately",
"orig": "en:Philately",
"parents": [
"Hobbies",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"ref": "1842, Daniel Parish Kidder, Mormonism and the Mormons: A Historical View of the Rise and Progress of the Sect Self-styled Latter-Day Saints, Carlton & Lanahan:",
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"ref": "1895, Alphonso Alva Hopkins, Wealth and Waste: The Principles of Political Economy in Their Application to the Present Problems of Labor, Law, and the Liquor Traffic, Funk & Wagnalls Company:",
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"ref": "1921, Burton J. Hendrick, The Age of Big Business:",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "1982, Cameron Crowe, Fast Times at Ridgemont High, spoken by Jeff Spicoli (Sean Penn):",
"text": "What Jefferson was saying was, Hey! You know, we left this England place 'cause it was bogus; so if we don't get some cool rules ourselves - pronto - we'll just be bogus too! Get it?",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Undesirable or harmful."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Undesirable or harmful."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English slang",
"en:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"Incorrect, useless, or broken."
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"Incorrect",
"incorrect"
],
[
"useless",
"useless"
],
[
"broken",
"broken"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(computing, slang) Incorrect, useless, or broken."
],
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Philately"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1962, Douglas Patrick, The International Guide to Stamps and Stamp Collecting: Includes the Answers to 1200 Questions Most Often Asked about Stamps:",
"text": "Bogus stamps are labels made to deceive stamp collectors. Many bogus stamps were made prior to 1900 when some had names of imaginary countries.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a totally fictitious issue printed for collectors, often issued on behalf of a non-existent territory or country (not to be confused with forgery, which is an illegitimate copy of a genuine stamp)."
],
"links": [
[
"philately",
"philately"
],
[
"fictitious",
"fictitious"
],
[
"issue",
"issue"
],
[
"forgery",
"forgery"
],
[
"genuine",
"genuine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(philately) Of a totally fictitious issue printed for collectors, often issued on behalf of a non-existent territory or country (not to be confused with forgery, which is an illegitimate copy of a genuine stamp)."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "illegal"
}
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"philately"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with collocations"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "bogus laws",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Based on false or misleading information or unjustified assumptions."
],
"links": [
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"misleading",
"misleading"
],
[
"information",
"information"
],
[
"assumption",
"assumption"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbəʊ.ɡəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊ.ɡəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-bogus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/En-us-bogus.ogg/En-us-bogus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-bogus.ogg"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-bogus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bogus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-bogus.wav.mp3",
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},
{
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-bogus.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊɡəs"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "zāʔif",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "زَائِف"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "kāḏib",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "كَاذِب"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muzawwar",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "مُزَوَّر"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "falšiv",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фалшив"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "fiktiven",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фиктивен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "lǎžliv",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "лъжлив"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jiǎ",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "假"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "偽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "wěi",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "伪"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "虛偽"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xūwěi",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "虚伪"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falešný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falšovaný"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "nepravý"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "vervalst"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "väärä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "väärennetty"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "tekaistu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "teko-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "vale-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "bidon"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "gefälscht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "unecht"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "Schein-"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "óekta"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falskur"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "svikinn"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "gadungan"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsificato"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "truccato"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nise-no",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "偽の"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kyogi",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "虚偽"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "inchiki-no",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "いんちきの"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "tahupera"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "tipatipa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "parau"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "fals"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsificat"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "fałszywy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "zmyślony"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falsificado"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "adulterado"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "poddélʹnyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "подде́льный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "fiktívnyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фикти́вный"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "falʹšívyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "фальши́вый"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "lóžnyj",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "ло́жный"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falso"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "falsificado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "adulterado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "trapicheado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barato"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "sahte"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "counterfeit or fake; not genuine",
"word": "yapmacık"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "undesirable or harmful",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nul"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "hors d’usage"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "fichu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "foutu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"tags": [
"slang"
],
"word": "niqué"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "gâté"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "foireux"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "falsch"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "unbrauchbar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "brutto"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "fritto"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "rot"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "copat"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "incorrècte"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "inutil"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "fotut"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "korjavyj",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "корявый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "averiado"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "pajolero"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "jodido"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "incorrect; useless; broken",
"word": "yanlış"
}
],
"word": "bogus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊɡəs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊɡəs/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bogus-maker"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ha",
"3": "boko",
"4": "",
"5": "to fake"
},
"expansion": "Hausa boko (“to fake”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested as an underworld term for an apparatus for creating counterfeit coins, then the coins themselves. Later, the word was applied to anything of poor quality. The newest use to mean useless is probably from the slang of computer hackers.\nThe origin is unknown, but there are at least two theories that try to trace its origin:\n* From Hausa boko (“to fake”). Since bogus first appeared in the United States, it may be possible that its ancestor was brought there on a slave ship.\n* From criminal slang as a short form of tantrabogus, a 19th-century slang term for a menacing object, making some believe that bogus might be linked to bogy or bogey (see bogeyman). In this sense, Bogus might be related to Bogle – a traditional trickster from the Scottish Borders, noted for achieving acts of household trickery; confusing, but not usually damaging.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "bogus (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "calibogus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1848, John Russell Bartlett, Dictionary of Americanisms: A glossary of words and phrases, usually regarded as peculiar to the United States:",
"text": "BOGUS. A liquor made of rum and molasses.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1919, Harvey Washington Wiley, Beverages and Their Adulteration: Origin, Composition, Manufacture, Natural, Artificial, Fermented, Distilled, Alkaloidal and Fruit Juices:",
"text": "\"Calibogus,\" or \"bogus\" was cold rum and beer unsweetened.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2014, J. Anne Funderburg, Bootleggers and Beer Barons of the Prohibition Era, page 311:",
"text": "The American colonists drank rum straight, spiced, or mixed. They combined it with a list of ingredients: rum mixed with hard cider was called stonewall; rum and beer made bogus; rum and molasses made blackstrap.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A liquor made of rum and molasses."
],
"links": [
[
"liquor",
"liquor"
],
[
"rum",
"rum"
],
[
"molasses",
"molasses"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect) A liquor made of rum and molasses."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"American English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1841 December 8, “Western Court Eloquence”, in Carlisle Weekly Herald, page 2:",
"text": "“Ahem—it is the opinion of the court that the prisoner has been making bogus; so we must put him in the jug until Superior Court.[…]”",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1846, Joseph H. Jackson, The Adventures and Experience of Joseph H. Jackson: Disclosing the Depths of Mormon Villainy Practiced in Nauvoo, page 15:",
"text": "There is not a merchant in this city but knows this fact, and also that there has been a large quantity of bogus in circulation.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1848 January 26, C. C., “[Letter]”, in The Washington Union, published 1848 February 28, page 3:",
"text": "This being agreed to, they hand the soldier the same number of dollars they received from him—but all counterfeit. This new way of passing bogus they have practised to a considerable extent […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1994, John L. Brooke, The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Cosmology, 1644–1844, →ISBN, pages 269–70:",
"text": "Edward Bonney, a bounty hunter who passed bogus on occasion, claimed to have been working to break up yet another gang operating on the Mississippi with a base at Nauvoo.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Counterfeit money."
],
"links": [
[
"Counterfeit",
"counterfeit"
],
[
"money",
"money"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(US, dialect, archaic) Counterfeit money."
],
"tags": [
"US",
"archaic",
"dialectal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbəʊ.ɡəs/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈboʊ.ɡəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/En-us-bogus.ogg"
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/En-au-bogus.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊɡəs"
}
],
"word": "bogus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bogus meaning in English (20.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.