See billhook in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for billhook meaning in English (18.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bileog",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: bileog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: bileog"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bilwg",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: bilwg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: bilwg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill",
"3": "hook",
"t1": "a bladed pike"
},
"expansion": "bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill"
},
"expansion": "bill",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest use in weapon (and later, agricultural) sense, bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook; other senses formed anew from various meanings of bill.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billhooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "billhook (plural billhooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "brush hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "crowbill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hawkbill"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "en:Weapons",
"parents": [
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 21 9 4 33 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 6 6 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 6 24 25 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 13 4 27 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 15 10 7 27 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Polearms",
"orig": "en:Polearms",
"parents": [
"Weapons",
"Hunting",
"Military",
"Tools",
"Human activity",
"Society",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A medieval polearm, fitted to a long handle, sometimes with an L-shaped tine or a spike protruding from the side or the end of the blade for tackling the opponent; a bill."
],
"id": "en-billhook-en-noun-en:type_of_polearm",
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"polearm",
"polearm"
],
[
"tine",
"tine"
],
[
"bill",
"bill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaponry) A medieval polearm, fitted to a long handle, sometimes with an L-shaped tine or a spike protruding from the side or the end of the blade for tackling the opponent; a bill."
],
"senseid": [
"en:type of polearm"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 21 9 4 33 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 6 6 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 6 24 25 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 13 4 27 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Richard D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, chapter 38",
"text": "I worked very hard in the copse of young ash, with my billhook and a shearing-knife; cutting out the saplings where they stooled too close together, making spars to keep for thatching, wall-crooks to drive into the cob, stiles for close sheep hurdles, and handles for rakes, and hoes, and two-bills, of the larger and straighter stuff.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants."
],
"id": "en-billhook-en-noun-en:agricultural_hand_tool",
"links": [
[
"agricultural",
"agricultural"
],
[
"hand tool",
"hand tool"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"pruning",
"pruning"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:agricultural hand tool"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 13 4 27 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery)."
],
"id": "en-billhook-en-noun-en:part_of_knotter_for_binder_or_baler",
"raw_glosses": [
"(written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as bill-hook"
],
"senseid": [
"en:part of knotter for binder or baler"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 6 24 25 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: spindle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spiked hook used in offices and shops for hanging bills or other small papers such as receipts."
],
"id": "en-billhook-en-noun-en:office_tool_similar_to_spindle",
"raw_glosses": [
"(written as bill hook) A spiked hook used in offices and shops for hanging bills or other small papers such as receipts."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as bill hook"
],
"senseid": [
"en:office tool similar to spindle"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ornithology",
"orig": "en:Ornithology",
"parents": [
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "32 21 9 4 33 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 6 6 26 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 13 6 24 25 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 27 13 4 27 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Horticulture",
"orig": "en:Horticulture",
"parents": [
"Agriculture",
"Botany",
"Applied sciences",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(written as bill hook) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species."
],
"id": "en-billhook-en-noun-en:part_of_beak_of_certain_hatchlings",
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"mandible",
"mandible"
],
[
"hatchling",
"hatchling"
],
[
"honeyguide",
"honeyguide"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"host species",
"host species"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) (written as bill hook) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species."
],
"senseid": [
"en:part of beak of certain hatchlings"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "handbill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pruning hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hack"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hacker"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hedging bill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hedging-bill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hedge bill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "broom hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "block hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "Yorkshire bill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "vine hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bill-hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bill hook"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kmesë"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kadhë"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kizë"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "dəhrə"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falçó"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "podall"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "鍥"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiè",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "锲"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosíř"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hiep"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "snoeimes"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "serpo"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krókaknívur"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "vesuri"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "kassara"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serpette"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podón"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hippe"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "krṓpion",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κρώπιον"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bísbē",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βίσβη"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bileog"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corrán"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halbard"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fidbae"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roncola"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roncolina"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nata",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "鉈"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "natagama",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "鉈鎌"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nadae",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "나대"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nat",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "낫"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "das"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sor",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сор"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "pīhuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "perohuka"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sèrpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "keski",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "كسكی"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "das",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "داس"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sierpak"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podão"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "serpete"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sekáč",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сека́ч"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosir"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "косир"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosač"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "косач"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sekač"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "секач"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runca"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rùncula"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runculiḍḍa"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krivec"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podón"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corquete"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "såpe"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sårpete"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sårpea"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiermint"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "courbet"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 29 21 4 19",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bilwg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"billhook"
],
"word": "billhook"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill",
"3": "hook",
"t1": "a bladed pike"
},
"expansion": "bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill"
},
"expansion": "bill",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest use in weapon (and later, agricultural) sense, bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook; other senses formed anew from various meanings of bill.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billhooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "billhooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "billhooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "billhooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "billhook (third-person singular simple present billhooks, present participle billhooking, simple past and past participle billhooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Arto Paasilinna, The Year of the Hare: A Novel",
"text": "Toward the end of July, Vatanen took a forestry job. It meant billhooking and chopping excessive undergrowth from the woods on the sandy ridges around Kuhmo and living in a tent with an ever more faithful, almost full- grown hare.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use a billhook"
],
"id": "en-billhook-en-verb-D-JFfhRs"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bill-hook"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bill hook"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"billhook"
],
"word": "billhook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"en:Horticulture",
"en:Polearms"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "bileog",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: bileog",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: bileog"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "bilwg",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Welsh: bilwg",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Welsh: bilwg"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill",
"3": "hook",
"t1": "a bladed pike"
},
"expansion": "bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill"
},
"expansion": "bill",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest use in weapon (and later, agricultural) sense, bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook; other senses formed anew from various meanings of bill.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billhooks",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "billhook (plural billhooks)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "brush hook"
},
{
"word": "crowbill"
},
{
"word": "hawkbill"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Weapons"
],
"glosses": [
"A medieval polearm, fitted to a long handle, sometimes with an L-shaped tine or a spike protruding from the side or the end of the blade for tackling the opponent; a bill."
],
"links": [
[
"weaponry",
"weaponry"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"polearm",
"polearm"
],
[
"tine",
"tine"
],
[
"bill",
"bill"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(weaponry) A medieval polearm, fitted to a long handle, sometimes with an L-shaped tine or a spike protruding from the side or the end of the blade for tackling the opponent; a bill."
],
"senseid": [
"en:type of polearm"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"government",
"military",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"politics",
"tools",
"war",
"weaponry"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1869, Richard D. Blackmore, Lorna Doone, chapter 38",
"text": "I worked very hard in the copse of young ash, with my billhook and a shearing-knife; cutting out the saplings where they stooled too close together, making spars to keep for thatching, wall-crooks to drive into the cob, stiles for close sheep hurdles, and handles for rakes, and hoes, and two-bills, of the larger and straighter stuff.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants."
],
"links": [
[
"agricultural",
"agricultural"
],
[
"hand tool",
"hand tool"
],
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"pruning",
"pruning"
],
[
"cutting",
"cutting"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:agricultural hand tool"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery)."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery)."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as bill-hook"
],
"senseid": [
"en:part of knotter for binder or baler"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English links with manual fragments"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: spindle"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spiked hook used in offices and shops for hanging bills or other small papers such as receipts."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(written as bill hook) A spiked hook used in offices and shops for hanging bills or other small papers such as receipts."
],
"raw_tags": [
"as bill hook"
],
"senseid": [
"en:office tool similar to spindle"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Ornithology"
],
"glosses": [
"(written as bill hook) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species."
],
"links": [
[
"ornithology",
"ornithology"
],
[
"spike",
"spike"
],
[
"mandible",
"mandible"
],
[
"hatchling",
"hatchling"
],
[
"honeyguide",
"honeyguide"
],
[
"destroy",
"destroy"
],
[
"host species",
"host species"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ornithology) (written as bill hook) A sharply pointed spike growing from the tip of the upper mandible of the hatchlings of honeyguides, used to destroy the eggs and kill the chicks of the host species."
],
"senseid": [
"en:part of beak of certain hatchlings"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"ornithology"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "handbill"
},
{
"word": "pruning hook"
},
{
"word": "hack"
},
{
"word": "hacker"
},
{
"word": "hedging bill"
},
{
"word": "hedging-bill"
},
{
"word": "hedge bill"
},
{
"word": "bill"
},
{
"word": "broom hook"
},
{
"word": "block hook"
},
{
"word": "Yorkshire bill"
},
{
"word": "vine hook"
},
{
"word": "bill-hook"
},
{
"word": "bill hook"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kmesë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kadhë"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "kizë"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "dəhrə"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "falçó"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "podall"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "鍥"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "qiè",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "锲"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosíř"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "hiep"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "snoeimes"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "serpo"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krókaknívur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "vesuri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "kassara"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serpe"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "serpette"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podón"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Hippe"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "krṓpion",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "κρώπιον"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "bísbē",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βίσβη"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bileog"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corrán"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "halbard"
},
{
"code": "sga",
"lang": "Old Irish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fidbae"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roncola"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "roncolina"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "nata",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "鉈"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "natagama",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "鉈鎌"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nadae",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "나대"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "nat",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "낫"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "das"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "sor",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сор"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "pīhuka"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "perohuka"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sèrpe"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "keski",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "كسكی"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "das",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"word": "داس"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sierpak"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "serpete"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sekáč",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "сека́ч"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosir"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "косир"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kosač"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "косач"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sekač"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "секач"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runca"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rùncula"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "runculiḍḍa"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "krivec"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "podón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "corquete"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "såpe"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sårpete"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sårpea"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fiermint"
},
{
"code": "wa",
"lang": "Walloon",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "courbet"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "agricultural implement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bilwg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"billhook"
],
"word": "billhook"
}
{
"categories": [
"English compound terms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English verbs",
"en:Horticulture",
"en:Polearms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill",
"3": "hook",
"t1": "a bladed pike"
},
"expansion": "bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bill"
},
"expansion": "bill",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Earliest use in weapon (and later, agricultural) sense, bill (“a bladed pike”) + hook; other senses formed anew from various meanings of bill.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "billhooks",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "billhooking",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "billhooked",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "billhooked",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "billhook (third-person singular simple present billhooks, present participle billhooking, simple past and past participle billhooked)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2010, Arto Paasilinna, The Year of the Hare: A Novel",
"text": "Toward the end of July, Vatanen took a forestry job. It meant billhooking and chopping excessive undergrowth from the woods on the sandy ridges around Kuhmo and living in a tent with an ever more faithful, almost full- grown hare.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To use a billhook"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bill-hook"
},
{
"word": "bill hook"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"billhook"
],
"word": "billhook"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.