See astonish in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "astonien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English astonien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*āstunian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *āstunian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną",
"t": "to sound, crash, bang, groan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ten-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stun"
},
"expansion": "a- + stun",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "erstaunen",
"3": "",
"4": "to astonish, amaze"
},
"expansion": "German erstaunen (“to astonish, amaze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*extonāre",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *extonāre (“to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex",
"3": "tono",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex + tono",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*stunen",
"3": "",
"4": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunen (“to stun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunen",
"3": "",
"4": "to knock, strike, stun"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stunen (“to knock, strike, stun”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an alteration (due to words ending in -ish: abolish, banish, cherish, establish, furnish, etc.) of earlier astony, astone, aston, astun (“to astonish, confound, stun”), from Middle English astonien, astunien, astonen, astunen, astounen (“to astound, stun, astonish”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Old English *āstunian, from ā- (perfective prefix) + stunian (“to make a loud sound, crash, resound, roar, bang, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-Germanic *stunōną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-, *(s)ton- (“to thunder, roar, groan”), equivalent to a- + stun. Compare German erstaunen (“to astonish, amaze”). Another possible source, or else influence, is Old French estoner, estuner, estonuer, estonner (“to stun”), either from an assumed Vulgar Latin *extonāre (“to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun”) from *extonō (ex + tono), or from Old Frankish *stunen (“to stun”), related to Middle High German stunen (“to knock, strike, stun”) and then, if not the source, still a cognate of the word astound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astonishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astonishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astonished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astonished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astonish (third-person singular simple present astonishes, present participle astonishing, simple past and past participle astonished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧ton‧ish"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms prefixed with a-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Basque translations",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "astonishable"
},
{
"word": "astonished"
},
{
"word": "astonishedly"
},
{
"word": "astonisher"
},
{
"word": "astonishing"
},
{
"word": "astonishment"
},
{
"word": "astonisht"
},
{
"word": "reastonish"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "\"I have no right to give my opinion,\" said Wickham, \"as to his being agreeable or otherwise. I am not qualified to form one. I have known him too long and too well to be a fair judge. It is impossible for me to be impartial. But I believe your opinion of him would in general astonish — and perhaps you would not express it quite so strongly anywhere else. Here you are in your own family.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To surprise greatly."
],
"id": "en-astonish-en-verb-E~aqn-WI",
"links": [
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"word": "astound"
},
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"word": "flabbergast"
},
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"word": "surprise"
},
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "astone"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaḏhala",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "أَذْهَلَ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "heyrətləndimək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "heyrətə salmaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "estonatu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "učudvam",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "учудвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udivljavam",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "удивлявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "震驚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènjīng",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "震惊"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "ohromit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "forbavse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "verbazen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "mirigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "hämmästyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "ällistää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "étonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "surprendre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "abraiar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "anocer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "anucir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "atordoar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekplísso",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "εκπλήσσω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kataplḗssō",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "καταπλήσσω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "meglep"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "megdöbbent"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "astonar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "surprizegar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "mengesima"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "stupire"
},
{
"alt": "おどろかす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "odorokasu",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "驚かす"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záčudi",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "за́чуди"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "včudóvidi",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "вчудо́види"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "whakaohomauri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "whakaohorere"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "êtonner"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zdumiewać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdumieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "surpreender"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udivljátʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "удивля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udivítʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удиви́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izumljátʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изумля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izumítʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изуми́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "asombrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "sorprender"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "förvåna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "förbluffa"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dyvuvaty",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "дивувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vražaty",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "вражати"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "fargafn",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "פֿאַרגאַפֿן"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɒnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɑnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-astonish.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-astonish.oga/En-us-astonish.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-astonish.oga"
}
],
"word": "astonish"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "astonishable"
},
{
"word": "astonished"
},
{
"word": "astonishedly"
},
{
"word": "astonisher"
},
{
"word": "astonishing"
},
{
"word": "astonishment"
},
{
"word": "astonisht"
},
{
"word": "reastonish"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "astonien"
},
"expansion": "Middle English astonien",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*āstunian"
},
"expansion": "Old English *āstunian",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stunōną",
"t": "to sound, crash, bang, groan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stunōną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ten-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "a-",
"3": "stun"
},
"expansion": "a- + stun",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "erstaunen",
"3": "",
"4": "to astonish, amaze"
},
"expansion": "German erstaunen (“to astonish, amaze”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*extonāre",
"3": "",
"4": "to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *extonāre (“to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ex",
"3": "tono",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "ex + tono",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*stunen",
"3": "",
"4": "to stun"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *stunen (“to stun”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "stunen",
"3": "",
"4": "to knock, strike, stun"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German stunen (“to knock, strike, stun”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From an alteration (due to words ending in -ish: abolish, banish, cherish, establish, furnish, etc.) of earlier astony, astone, aston, astun (“to astonish, confound, stun”), from Middle English astonien, astunien, astonen, astunen, astounen (“to astound, stun, astonish”), of uncertain origin, possibly from Old English *āstunian, from ā- (perfective prefix) + stunian (“to make a loud sound, crash, resound, roar, bang, dash, impinge, knock, confound, astonish, stupefy”), from Proto-Germanic *stunōną (“to sound, crash, bang, groan”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten-, *(s)ton- (“to thunder, roar, groan”), equivalent to a- + stun. Compare German erstaunen (“to astonish, amaze”). Another possible source, or else influence, is Old French estoner, estuner, estonuer, estonner (“to stun”), either from an assumed Vulgar Latin *extonāre (“to strike with thunder, daze, stupefy, stun”) from *extonō (ex + tono), or from Old Frankish *stunen (“to stun”), related to Middle High German stunen (“to knock, strike, stun”) and then, if not the source, still a cognate of the word astound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "astonishes",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "astonishing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "astonished",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "astonished",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "astonish (third-person singular simple present astonishes, present participle astonishing, simple past and past participle astonished)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"as‧ton‧ish"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms prefixed with a-",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Mandarin terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], Pride and Prejudice: […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: […] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, […], →OCLC:",
"text": "\"I have no right to give my opinion,\" said Wickham, \"as to his being agreeable or otherwise. I am not qualified to form one. I have known him too long and too well to be a fair judge. It is impossible for me to be impartial. But I believe your opinion of him would in general astonish — and perhaps you would not express it quite so strongly anywhere else. Here you are in your own family.\"",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To surprise greatly."
],
"links": [
[
"surprise",
"surprise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɒnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/əˈstɑnɪʃ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "En-us-astonish.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/En-us-astonish.oga/En-us-astonish.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/En-us-astonish.oga"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"word": "astound"
},
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"word": "flabbergast"
},
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"word": "surprise"
},
{
"sense": "to surprise",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "astone"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔaḏhala",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "أَذْهَلَ"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "heyrətləndimək"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "heyrətə salmaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "estonatu"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "učudvam",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "учудвам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "udivljavam",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "удивлявам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "震驚"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènjīng",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "震惊"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "ohromit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "forbavse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "verbazen"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "mirigi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "hämmästyttää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "ällistää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "étonner"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "surprendre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "abraiar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "anocer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "anucir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "atordoar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "erstaunen"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ekplísso",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "εκπλήσσω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kataplḗssō",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "καταπλήσσω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "meglep"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "megdöbbent"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "astonar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "surprizegar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "mengesima"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "sorprendere"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "stupire"
},
{
"alt": "おどろかす",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "odorokasu",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "驚かす"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "záčudi",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "за́чуди"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "včudóvidi",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "вчудо́види"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "whakaohomauri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "whakaohorere"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "êtonner"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "zdumiewać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zdumieć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "surpreender"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udivljátʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "удивля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "udivítʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "удиви́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izumljátʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "изумля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "izumítʹ",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "изуми́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "asombrar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "sorprender"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "pasmar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "anonadar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "förvåna"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "förbluffa"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "dyvuvaty",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "дивувати"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "vražaty",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "вражати"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "fargafn",
"sense": "to surprise, astound, flabbergast",
"word": "פֿאַרגאַפֿן"
}
],
"word": "astonish"
}
Download raw JSONL data for astonish meaning in English (12.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.