See Mandarin in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Mandarin meaning in English (25.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*men- (think)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Calque of Chinese",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "^官話",
"t": "spoken language of the mandarins"
},
"expansion": "官話／官话 (Guānhuà, “spoken language of the mandarins”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mandarin",
"3": "",
"4": "bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire"
},
"expansion": "mandarin (“bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Chinese 官話／官话 (Guānhuà, “spoken language of the mandarins”). An extension of mandarin (“bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire”) to the language used by the imperial court and sometimes by imperial officials elsewhere. As such, it was adopted as a synonym for Modern Standard Chinese in the 20th century. The term became ambiguous, however, as its use was extended to the various Northern dialects of Chinese.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"man‧da‧rin"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "99 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "China",
"orig": "en:China",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "99 1",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Taiwan",
"orig": "en:Taiwan",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Languages",
"orig": "en:Languages",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Names",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Standard Mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Standarin"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1669, John Nievhoff, “Athanasius Kircher Description of China”, in John Ogilby, transl., An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 106",
"text": "[...]and though the ſame word hath one ſignification in the Mandorines Language, and a contrary in Japan and other places, yet knowing one Speech and their Character, you may Travel not only through the Empire of China, but the adjacent Kingdoms.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, David Eimer, The Emperor Far Away: Travels at the Edge of China, Bloomsbury USA, page 75",
"text": "Far fewer people understood Mandarin in Hotan than anywhere else I'd been in Xinjiang. It made getting around difficult, as not only did the taxi drivers fail to understand what I was saying, but they couldn't read an address either. Most ignored or didn't know the Chinese names given to the streets anyway.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 9, “'Lithuania mania' sweeps Taiwan as China spat sizzles”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-03-09",
"text": "Owner David Yeh says his Little-One bar -- a homophone to Lithuania's Mandarin name \"Litaowan\" -- started getting more attention last year after Vilnius became the first EU government to donate vaccines.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu."
],
"id": "en-Mandarin-en-noun-aUKS1-uW",
"links": [
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"Singapore",
"Singapore"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
],
[
"Guoyu",
"Guoyu"
],
[
"Huayu",
"Huayu"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Mandarin terms"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Hanyu"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Zhongwen"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Beifanghua"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Guanhua"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Guoyu"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Huayu"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Mandarin Chinese"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Putonghua"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Standard Chinese"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Standard Mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"word": "Standard Spoken Chinese"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mandaryns"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-luḡa ṣ-ṣīniyya š-šamāliyya",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"Northern",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "اَللُّغَة اَلصِّينِيَّة اَلشَّمَالِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mandarīniyya",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَنْدَرِينِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "մանդարին"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "mainno sina bhaxa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "মান্য চীনা ভাষা"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mandarín",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarí"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gwok³ jyu⁵",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "waa⁴ jyu⁵",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "koet-ngî",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "phû-thûng-fa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "fà-ngî",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Phó͘-thong-ōe",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"China",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "华语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "国语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Pǔtōnghuà",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"China"
],
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Guóyǔ",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "国语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Huáyǔ",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mandarínština"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mandarijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mandarijnenchinees"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mandarena"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandariini"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandariinikiina"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarín"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hochchinesisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mandarínit",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מַנְדָּרִינִית"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mandārin bhāṣā",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मंदारिन भाषा"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Putonghua"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mandairínis"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarino"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "ぺきんご",
"code": "ja",
"english": "most common term",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Pekin-go",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "北京語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "ふつうわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Futsūwa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "こくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Kokugo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "国語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "かご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Kago",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "ペキンかんわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Pekin-kanwa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "北京官話"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "ひょうじゅんちゅうごくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hyōjun Chūgokugo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "標準中国語"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kok ngue",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "កុកងឺ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "普通話",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Botonghwa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "보통화"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Junggukbotong'eo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "중국보통어"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Bukgyeong'eo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "북경어"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "中國語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Junggugeo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "중국어"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua Sinensis Mandarinica"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mandarínski",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́нски"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Mandarin Baku"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Cina"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mééndawin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mândârin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "ماندارین"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandaryński"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarim"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "putunxuá",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "путунхуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mandarín",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "язы́к",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "literatúrnyj kitájskij",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "литерату́рный кита́йский"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mandairinis"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандарински"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarinski"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarinu"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mandarínčina"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mandarinščina"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarín"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chino mandarín"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Kimandarini"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandarinkinesiska"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mandarin"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "jiin-glaang",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "ภาษาจีนกลาง"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Çince"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "xenzuche",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "خەنزۇچە"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "tiếng phổ thông Trung Quốc"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "tiếng phổ thông"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "tiếng Quan thoại chuẩn"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Vahbujdungh"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978 January 8, L. Chen, “What they say of Peiping rule”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 2, Taipei, page 3",
"text": "\"Two, three, four, five, south! Six, seven, eight, nine, north!\" Strange as it may sound, this is the way the people on the Chinese mainland complain about the lack of clothes, food and other necessities.\nAbsent from the phrases are \"one\" and \"ten\"—\"i\" and \"shih\" in Chinese Mandarin. The words for \"clothes\" and \"food\" sound alike. Also missing are \"east\" and \"west.\" Their Chinese equivalents when put together as \"tung-hsi,\" stand for \"things,\" \"objects\" or \"matters.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of the Chinese languages, consisting of many dialects; Guanhua or Beifanghua."
],
"id": "en-Mandarin-en-noun-7i~2kCZY",
"links": [
[
"Guanhua",
"Guanhua"
],
[
"Beifanghua",
"Beifanghua"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"alt": "gun¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"alt": "bak¹ fong¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "撈話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"alt": "laau¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "捞话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "kôn-fa",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "Pet-fông-fa",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "官話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "官话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Pak-hong-ōe",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Guānhuà",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Běifānghuà",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarín"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"alt": "北方語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bukbang'eo",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "북방어"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"alt": "官話",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwanhwa",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "관화"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mandarín",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "guanʹxuá",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гуаньхуа́"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "tiếng Quan thoại"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "Bắc phương thoại"
},
{
"_dis1": "31 69",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "tiếng Bắc Kinh"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"General-Australian",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mandarin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-us-mandarin.ogg/En-us-mandarin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-us-mandarin.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-mandarin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-au-mandarin.ogg/En-au-mandarin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-au-mandarin.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mandarin Chinese",
"Standard Mandarin"
],
"word": "Mandarin"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms calqued from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Chinese",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (think)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"IPA for English using .ˈ or .ˌ",
"en:China",
"en:Languages",
"en:Taiwan",
"tl:China",
"tl:Languages",
"tl:Taiwan"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Standard Mandarin"
},
{
"word": "Standarin"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*men- (think)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "zh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Calque of Chinese",
"name": "calque"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "^官話",
"t": "spoken language of the mandarins"
},
"expansion": "官話／官话 (Guānhuà, “spoken language of the mandarins”)",
"name": "zh-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "mandarin",
"3": "",
"4": "bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire"
},
"expansion": "mandarin (“bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Calque of Chinese 官話／官话 (Guānhuà, “spoken language of the mandarins”). An extension of mandarin (“bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire”) to the language used by the imperial court and sometimes by imperial officials elsewhere. As such, it was adopted as a synonym for Modern Standard Chinese in the 20th century. The term became ambiguous, however, as its use was extended to the various Northern dialects of Chinese.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Mandarin (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"man‧da‧rin"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Wiktionary’s coverage of Mandarin terms"
},
{
"word": "Hanyu"
},
{
"word": "Zhongwen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1669, John Nievhoff, “Athanasius Kircher Description of China”, in John Ogilby, transl., An Embassy from the Eaſt-India Company of the United Provinces, to the Grand Tartar Cham Emperour of China, London: John Macock, →OCLC, page 106",
"text": "[...]and though the ſame word hath one ſignification in the Mandorines Language, and a contrary in Japan and other places, yet knowing one Speech and their Character, you may Travel not only through the Empire of China, but the adjacent Kingdoms.]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014, David Eimer, The Emperor Far Away: Travels at the Edge of China, Bloomsbury USA, page 75",
"text": "Far fewer people understood Mandarin in Hotan than anywhere else I'd been in Xinjiang. It made getting around difficult, as not only did the taxi drivers fail to understand what I was saying, but they couldn't read an address either. Most ignored or didn't know the Chinese names given to the streets anyway.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2022 March 9, “'Lithuania mania' sweeps Taiwan as China spat sizzles”, in France 24, archived from the original on 2022-03-09",
"text": "Owner David Yeh says his Little-One bar -- a homophone to Lithuania's Mandarin name \"Litaowan\" -- started getting more attention last year after Vilnius became the first EU government to donate vaccines.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu."
],
"links": [
[
"Standard Mandarin",
"Standard Mandarin"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"China",
"China"
],
[
"Taiwan",
"Taiwan"
],
[
"Singapore",
"Singapore"
],
[
"Putonghua",
"Putonghua"
],
[
"Guoyu",
"Guoyu"
],
[
"Huayu",
"Huayu"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1978 January 8, L. Chen, “What they say of Peiping rule”, in Free China Weekly, volume XIX, number 2, Taipei, page 3",
"text": "\"Two, three, four, five, south! Six, seven, eight, nine, north!\" Strange as it may sound, this is the way the people on the Chinese mainland complain about the lack of clothes, food and other necessities.\nAbsent from the phrases are \"one\" and \"ten\"—\"i\" and \"shih\" in Chinese Mandarin. The words for \"clothes\" and \"food\" sound alike. Also missing are \"east\" and \"west.\" Their Chinese equivalents when put together as \"tung-hsi,\" stand for \"things,\" \"objects\" or \"matters.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A branch of the Chinese languages, consisting of many dialects; Guanhua or Beifanghua."
],
"links": [
[
"Guanhua",
"Guanhua"
],
[
"Beifanghua",
"Beifanghua"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"General-Australian",
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"UK"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-mandarin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-us-mandarin.ogg/En-us-mandarin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-us-mandarin.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"audio": "en-au-mandarin.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/15/En-au-mandarin.ogg/En-au-mandarin.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/En-au-mandarin.ogg",
"tags": [
"Australia"
],
"text": "Audio (AU)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Beifanghua"
},
{
"word": "Guanhua"
},
{
"word": "Guoyu"
},
{
"word": "Huayu"
},
{
"word": "Mandarin Chinese"
},
{
"word": "Putonghua"
},
{
"word": "Standard Chinese"
},
{
"word": "Standard Mandarin"
},
{
"word": "Standard Spoken Chinese"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mandaryns"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "al-luḡa ṣ-ṣīniyya š-šamāliyya",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Chinese",
"Northern",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "اَللُّغَة اَلصِّينِيَّة اَلشَّمَالِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "mandarīniyya",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "مَنْدَرِينِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "մանդարին"
},
{
"code": "as",
"lang": "Assamese",
"roman": "mainno sina bhaxa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "মান্য চীনা ভাষা"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "mandarín",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́н"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarí"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "gwok³ jyu⁵",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"alt": "pou² tung¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"roman": "waa⁴ jyu⁵",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "國語"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "koet-ngî",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "国语"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "phû-thûng-fa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "fà-ngî",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Phó͘-thong-ōe",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"China",
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "華語"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "华语"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "国语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Pǔtōnghuà",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"China"
],
"word": "普通话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "國語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Guóyǔ",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Taiwan"
],
"word": "国语"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Huáyǔ",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "华语"
},
{
"code": "co",
"lang": "Corsican",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarinu"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mandarínština"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mandarijn"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mandarijnenchinees"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mandarena"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandariini"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandariinikiina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarín"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Mandarin"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Hochchinesisch"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "mandarínit",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "מַנְדָּרִינִית"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "mandārin bhāṣā",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "मंदारिन भाषा"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Putonghua"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Mandarin"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mandairínis"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarino"
},
{
"alt": "ぺきんご",
"code": "ja",
"english": "most common term",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Pekin-go",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "北京語"
},
{
"alt": "ふつうわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Futsūwa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "普通話"
},
{
"alt": "こくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Kokugo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "国語"
},
{
"alt": "かご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Kago",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "華語"
},
{
"alt": "ペキンかんわ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Pekin-kanwa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "北京官話"
},
{
"alt": "ひょうじゅんちゅうごくご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hyōjun Chūgokugo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "標準中国語"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "kok ngue",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "កុកងឺ"
},
{
"alt": "普通話",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Botonghwa",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "보통화"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Junggukbotong'eo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "중국보통어"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Bukgyeong'eo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "북경어"
},
{
"alt": "中國語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "Junggugeo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "중국어"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lingua Sinensis Mandarinica"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "mandarínski",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́нски"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Mandarin Baku"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Mandarin"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "bahasa Cina"
},
{
"code": "nv",
"lang": "Navajo",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mééndawin"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mândârin",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "ماندارین"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandaryński"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarim"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "putunxuá",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "путунхуа́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mandarín",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́н"
},
{
"alt": "язы́к",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "literatúrnyj kitájskij",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "литерату́рный кита́йский"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Mandairinis"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандарински"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarinski"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarinu"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mandarínčina"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mandarinščina"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarín"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "chino mandarín"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Kimandarini"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "mandarin"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "mandarinkinesiska"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Mandarin"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "jiin-glaang",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "ภาษาจีนกลาง"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Çince"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "xenzuche",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "خەنزۇچە"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "tiếng phổ thông Trung Quốc"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "tiếng phổ thông"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "tiếng Quan thoại chuẩn"
},
{
"code": "za",
"lang": "Zhuang",
"sense": "Standard Mandarin — see also Chinese",
"word": "Vahbujdungh"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"alt": "gun¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"alt": "bak¹ fong¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "撈話"
},
{
"alt": "laau¹ waa⁶⁻²",
"code": "yue",
"lang": "Chinese Cantonese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"derogatory"
],
"word": "捞话"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "kôn-fa",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"code": "hak",
"lang": "Hakka Chinese",
"roman": "Pet-fông-fa",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "官話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "zh-min-nan",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "官话"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"code": "nan-hbl",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "Pak-hong-ōe",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"Hokkien"
],
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Guānhuà",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "官话"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方話"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Běifānghuà",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "北方话"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandarín"
},
{
"alt": "北方語",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bukbang'eo",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "북방어"
},
{
"alt": "官話",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gwanhwa",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "관화"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "mandarín",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "мандари́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "guanʹxuá",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гуаньхуа́"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "tiếng Quan thoại"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "Bắc phương thoại"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "a branch of the Chinese languages — see also a branch of the Chinese languages",
"word": "tiếng Bắc Kinh"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mandarin Chinese",
"Standard Mandarin"
],
"word": "Mandarin"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (82c8ff9 and f4967a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.