See Afghan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for Afghan meaning in English (47.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "افغان",
"4": "",
"5": "Afghan",
"tr": "afğān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xbc",
"3": "αβαγανο"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*apāka-",
"t": "distant, faraway"
},
"expansion": "*apāka- (“distant, faraway”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Hapá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hapá",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hapá",
"t": "away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*-āna",
"t": "ethnic group"
},
"expansion": "*-āna (“ethnic group”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: \"people from a distant land\". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are \"extremely difficult to reconcile\" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Afghans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Afghan (plural Afghans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 1 14 33 30 1 2",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Afghanistan",
"orig": "en:Afghanistan",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person from Afghanistan."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-noun-Xb9TXL-M",
"links": [
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyy",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "أَفْغَانِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyya",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَفْغَانِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "afġan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "աֆղան"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "əfqan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistandar"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "afhánjec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "afhánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "aphgani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "আফগানি"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "afganistánec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афганиста́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "afganistánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афганиста́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afganès"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afganesa"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Āfùhànrén",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "阿富汗人"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghánec"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afgánec"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghaanse"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanlane"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanilainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghane"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "avɣaneli",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ავღანელი"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "oge",
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"roman": "avɣani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ავღანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghane"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghanin"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Afganós",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Αφγανός"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Afganí",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Αφγανή"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "afgani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַפְגָּנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgān",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अफगान"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgānī",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अफगानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġān",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ान"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "avgāṇ",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afgani"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Afganar"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganastánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afghana"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"alt": "アフガニスタンじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "afuganisutanjin",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "アフガニスタン人"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Afuganjin",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "アフガン人"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "auğan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ауған"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "apeuganiseutan saram",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "아프가니스탄 사람"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Afganî"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "afgan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "афган"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgānis"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgāniete"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afganistanietis"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afganistanietė"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Avganistánec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Авганиста́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Avganistánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Авганиста́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afgana"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "Afgan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "afǧân",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğân",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğâni",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Afgańczyk"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganka"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afegão"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afegã"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgană"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нец"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "avagāṇa",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нац"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афган"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganistánac"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganìstānka"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Àfgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Àfgānka"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganec"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganka"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganistanec"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganistanka"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgana"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Mwafugani"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afghanska"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Apgano"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afġon",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "афғон"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afġonī",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "афғонӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "chaao áf-gaa-nís-tǎan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ชาวอัฟกานิสถาน"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "owgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "afhánecʹ",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нець"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "afhánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "afġān",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "afghan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ئافغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgʻon"
},
{
"_dis1": "84 15 1",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "người Áp-ga-ni-xtan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 17 22 6 3 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person of Pashtun ethnicity."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-noun-QIvQZTl3",
"links": [
[
"Pashtun",
"Pashtun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A person of Pashtun ethnicity."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyy",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَفْغَانِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyya",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَفْغَانِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qandiyy",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "قَنْدِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qandiyya",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "قَنْدِيَّة"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pathaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pathaanse"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghaanse"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "pataani"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgān",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अफगान"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paṭhān",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पठान"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġān",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ान"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "avgāṇ",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgānis"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgāniete"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puštuns"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğân",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Pasztun"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pasztunka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "avagāṇa",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нац"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афган"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганка"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganistánac"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganìstānka"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Àfgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 83 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Àfgānka"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 4 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 4 7 14 2 2 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 5 19 10 0 3 60",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Dogs",
"orig": "en:Dogs",
"parents": [
"Canids",
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 12 18 8 2 25 35",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ethnonyms",
"orig": "en:Ethnonyms",
"parents": [
"Ethnicity",
"Names",
"People",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 9 16 10 5 12 47",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nationalities",
"orig": "en:Nationalities",
"parents": [
"Demonyms",
"People",
"Names",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 22 6 3 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "2 16 82",
"word": "Afghanization"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 16 82",
"word": "Afghanisation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Afghan Hound."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-noun-xO95SP5g",
"links": [
[
"Afghan Hound",
"Afghan Hound#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "2 16 82",
"word": "Afghani"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 16 82",
"word": "afghani"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Afghan Hound"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghaan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghaanse windhond"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"word": "afgaaninvinttikoira"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghane"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"word": "anjing pemburu Afghan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghanar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "chart afgański"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 2 98",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánskaja borzája",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нская борза́я"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfˌɡæn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfɡən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan",
"Origins of the name Afghan"
],
"word": "Afghan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "افغان",
"4": "",
"5": "Afghan",
"tr": "afğān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xbc",
"3": "αβαγανο"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*apāka-",
"t": "distant, faraway"
},
"expansion": "*apāka- (“distant, faraway”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Hapá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hapá",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hapá",
"t": "away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*-āna",
"t": "ethnic group"
},
"expansion": "*-āna (“ethnic group”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: \"people from a distant land\". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are \"extremely difficult to reconcile\" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Afghan",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 1 14 33 30 1 2",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Afghanistan",
"orig": "en:Afghanistan",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 17 22 6 3 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pashto, a language primarily spoken by Pashtun people in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-name-yjqnHD9X",
"links": [
[
"Pashto",
"Pashto"
],
[
"Pashtun",
"Pashtun"
],
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan"
],
[
"Pakistan",
"Pakistan"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "afġaneren",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "աֆղաներեն"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pasjtoe"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "paštu"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "Afghanisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afganistanós",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "αφγανιστανός"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"alt": "アフガニスタンご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "afuganisutango",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "アフガニスタン語"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgāņu valoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afgāņu"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puštunu valoda"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "puštunu"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "puštu"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "afganistaniečių"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "L-Afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğâni",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "(język) paszto"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "(język) pasztuński"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "(język) afgański"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afegão"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgană"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánskij",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "афга́нский"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghanska"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "Peştuca"
},
{
"_dis1": "87 13",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "Afganca"
}
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Afghanistan"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 1 14 33 30 1 2",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Afghanistan",
"orig": "en:Afghanistan",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He will be in Afghan for another six months."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of Afghanistan."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-name-ybPkXDDM",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, military slang) Clipping of Afghanistan."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfˌɡæn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfɡən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "Pashtun"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "Pashto"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan",
"Origins of the name Afghan"
],
"word": "Afghan"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "افغان",
"4": "",
"5": "Afghan",
"tr": "afğān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xbc",
"3": "αβαγανο"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*apāka-",
"t": "distant, faraway"
},
"expansion": "*apāka- (“distant, faraway”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Hapá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hapá",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hapá",
"t": "away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*-āna",
"t": "ethnic group"
},
"expansion": "*-āna (“ethnic group”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: \"people from a distant land\". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are \"extremely difficult to reconcile\" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Afghan (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 1 14 33 30 1 2",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Afghanistan",
"orig": "en:Afghanistan",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-adj-6trRxemC",
"links": [
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "afġanakan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "աֆղանական"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "əfqan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistandar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "afhánski",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афга́нскі"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "aphgani",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "আফগানি"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "afganistánski",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афганиста́нски"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "ahpa.gannacca.tan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "အာဖဂန်နစ်စတန်"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganès"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Āfùhàn de",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "阿富汗的"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgánský"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghánský"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganskur"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanilainen"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "avɣanuri",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "ავღანური"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghanisch"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afganikós",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "αφγανικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "afgani",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "אַפְגָּנִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "अफगानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganisztáni"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghanistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afganastánach"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Afuganisutan no",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "アフガニスタンの"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "auğan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "ауған"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaafgiəniisthaan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "អាហ្វហ្គានីស្ថាន"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "apeuganiseutanui",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "아프가니스탄의"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Efxanî"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "afgan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афган"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghanicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgāņu"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgānisks"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afganištanietiškas"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afganistanietiška"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "avganistánski",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "авганиста́нски"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghanistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "afgan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "афган"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "afǧāní",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغاني"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğân",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğâni",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgański"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afegão"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánskij",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афга́нский"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "афганѝста̄нскӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "afganìstānskī"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganský"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanski"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgano"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afġonī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афғонӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "áf-gaa-nís-tǎan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "อัฟกานิสถาน"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "owgan"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "afhánsʹkyj",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нський"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "afghan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "ئافغان"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgʻon"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Áp-ga-ni-xtan"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 17 22 6 3 24 27",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "People",
"orig": "en:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"word": "Afghan bread"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"word": "Afghan fox"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"word": "Afghan Hounds"
},
{
"_dis1": "8 92",
"word": "Afghanness"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community."
],
"id": "en-Afghan-en-adj-CUhHibXx",
"links": [
[
"Pashtun",
"Pashtun"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "Pathaans"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "pataani-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgaani-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "अफगानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paṭhānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "पठानी"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "puštunu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgāņu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgānisks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pasztuński"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgan"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfˌɡæn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfɡən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan",
"Origins of the name Afghan"
],
"word": "Afghan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Bactrian",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/æn",
"Rhymes:English/æn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn/2 syllables",
"en:Afghanistan",
"en:Dogs",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:Nationalities",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Afghanization"
},
{
"word": "Afghanisation"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "افغان",
"4": "",
"5": "Afghan",
"tr": "afğān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xbc",
"3": "αβαγανο"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*apāka-",
"t": "distant, faraway"
},
"expansion": "*apāka- (“distant, faraway”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Hapá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hapá",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hapá",
"t": "away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*-āna",
"t": "ethnic group"
},
"expansion": "*-āna (“ethnic group”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: \"people from a distant land\". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are \"extremely difficult to reconcile\" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Afghans",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Afghan (plural Afghans)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "Afghani"
},
{
"word": "afghani"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A person from Afghanistan."
],
"links": [
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A person of Pashtun ethnicity."
],
"links": [
[
"Pashtun",
"Pashtun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A person of Pashtun ethnicity."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Synonym of Afghan Hound."
],
"links": [
[
"Afghan Hound",
"Afghan Hound#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "Afghan Hound"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfˌɡæn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfɡən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghaan"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyy",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "أَفْغَانِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyya",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَفْغَانِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "afġan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "աֆղան"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "əfqan"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistandar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "afhánjec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нец"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "afhánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нка"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "aphgani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "আফগানি"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "afganistánec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афганиста́нец"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "afganistánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афганиста́нка"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afganès"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afganesa"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Āfùhànrén",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "阿富汗人"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghánec"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afgánec"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghaanse"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgano"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgaan"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanlane"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanilainen"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"proscribed"
],
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghan"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghane"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "avɣaneli",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ავღანელი"
},
{
"code": "oge",
"lang": "Old Georgian",
"roman": "avɣani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ავღანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghane"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghanin"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Afganós",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Αφγανός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "Afganí",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Αφγανή"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "afgani",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "אַפְגָּנִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgān",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अफगान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgānī",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अफगानी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġān",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "avgāṇ",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afgani"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
],
"word": "Afganar"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganastánach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afghana"
},
{
"alt": "アフガニスタンじん",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "afuganisutanjin",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "アフガニスタン人"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Afuganjin",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "アフガン人"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "auğan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ауған"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "apeuganiseutan saram",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "아프가니스탄 사람"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Afganî"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "afgan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "афган"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgānis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgāniete"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afganistanietis"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afganistanietė"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Avganistánec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Авганиста́нец"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "Avganistánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Авганиста́нка"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afgana"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghanar"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "Afgan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "afǧân",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğân",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğâni",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Afgańczyk"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afegão"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afegã"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgană"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánec",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нец"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нка"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "avagāṇa",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нац"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афган"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganistánac"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganìstānka"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Àfgan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Àfgānka"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganec"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganka"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganistanec"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganistanka"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgano"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgana"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Mwafugani"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghan"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afghanska"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Apgano"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afġon",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "афғон"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afġonī",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "афғонӣ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "chaao áf-gaa-nís-tǎan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ชาวอัฟกานิสถาน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "owgan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "afhánecʹ",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нець"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "afhánka",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нка"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "afġān",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "afghan",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "ئافغان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "afgʻon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "person from Afghanistan",
"word": "người Áp-ga-ni-xtan"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyy",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "أَفْغَانِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔafḡāniyya",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "أَفْغَانِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qandiyy",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "قَنْدِيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "qandiyya",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "قَنْدِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Pathaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pathaanse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afghaanse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "pataani"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgān",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अफगान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paṭhān",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "पठान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġān",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ान"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "avgāṇ",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgānis"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgāniete"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "puštuns"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğân",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Pasztun"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pasztunka"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
],
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganka"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "avagāṇa",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "अवगाण"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нац"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганиста́нка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Афган"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Афганка"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afganistánac"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Afganìstānka"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "Àfgan"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "person of Pashtun ethnicity",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"feminine"
],
"word": "Àfgānka"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghaan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghaanse windhond"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"word": "afgaaninvinttikoira"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"informal"
],
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Afghane"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"word": "anjing pemburu Afghan"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghaner"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghanar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "chart afgański"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"animate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánskaja borzája",
"sense": "Afghan hound",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "афга́нская борза́я"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan",
"Origins of the name Afghan"
],
"word": "Afghan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Bactrian",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/æn",
"Rhymes:English/æn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn/2 syllables",
"en:Afghanistan",
"en:Dogs",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:Nationalities",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "افغان",
"4": "",
"5": "Afghan",
"tr": "afğān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xbc",
"3": "αβαγανο"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*apāka-",
"t": "distant, faraway"
},
"expansion": "*apāka- (“distant, faraway”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Hapá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hapá",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hapá",
"t": "away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*-āna",
"t": "ethnic group"
},
"expansion": "*-āna (“ethnic group”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: \"people from a distant land\". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are \"extremely difficult to reconcile\" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Afghan",
"name": "en-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Pashto, a language primarily spoken by Pashtun people in Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan."
],
"links": [
[
"Pashto",
"Pashto"
],
[
"Pashtun",
"Pashtun"
],
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan"
],
[
"Pakistan",
"Pakistan"
]
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "Afghanistan"
}
],
"categories": [
"British English",
"English clippings",
"English military slang"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He will be in Afghan for another six months."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of Afghanistan."
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"slang",
"slang"
],
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, military slang) Clipping of Afghanistan."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfˌɡæn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfɡən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Pashtun"
},
{
"word": "Pashto"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "afġaneren",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "աֆղաներեն"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Pasjtoe"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "paštu"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "Afghanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afganistanós",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "αφγανιστανός"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"alt": "アフガニスタンご",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "afuganisutango",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "アフガニスタン語"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgāņu valoda"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afgāņu"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "puštunu valoda"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "puštunu"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "puštu"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "afganistaniečių"
},
{
"code": "mt",
"lang": "Maltese",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "L-Afgan"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğâni",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "(język) paszto"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "(język) pasztuński"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"word": "(język) afgański"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "afegão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afgană"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánskij",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "афга́нский"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "afghanska"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "Peştuca"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Pashto language",
"word": "Afganca"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan",
"Origins of the name Afghan"
],
"word": "Afghan"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English proper nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Bactrian",
"English terms derived from Classical Persian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"English terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/æn",
"Rhymes:English/æn/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːn/2 syllables",
"en:Afghanistan",
"en:Dogs",
"en:Ethnonyms",
"en:Nationalities",
"en:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Afghan bread"
},
{
"word": "Afghan fox"
},
{
"word": "Afghan Hounds"
},
{
"word": "Afghanness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fa-cls",
"3": "افغان",
"4": "",
"5": "Afghan",
"tr": "afğān"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "xbc",
"3": "αβαγανο"
},
"expansion": "Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*apāka-",
"t": "distant, faraway"
},
"expansion": "*apāka- (“distant, faraway”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ira-pro",
"3": "*Hapá"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian *Hapá",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*Hapá",
"t": "away"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂epó"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xbc",
"2": "*-āna",
"t": "ethnic group"
},
"expansion": "*-āna (“ethnic group”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-nós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-nós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Classical Persian افغان (afğān, “Afghan”), from Bactrian αβαγανο (abagano), first attested in the fourth century CE, most likely a compound of *apāka- (“distant, faraway”), from Proto-Iranian *Hapá, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hapá (“away”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó + *-āna (“ethnic group”), from Proto-Indo-European *-nós, thus: \"people from a distant land\". Various scholars have proposed Sanskrit etymologies since the nineteenth century (especially prior to the 2007 publication of earlier Bactrian attestations for the word), but linguist Johnny Cheung notes that these are \"extremely difficult to reconcile\" with recent evidence pointing to a Bactrian source.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "Afghan (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan."
],
"links": [
[
"Afghanistan",
"Afghanistan"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Of, from, or pertaining to the Pashtun ethnic community."
],
"links": [
[
"Pashtun",
"Pashtun"
]
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfˌɡæn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæfɡən/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/",
"tags": [
"UK",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-æn"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːn"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/56/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Afghan.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "afġanakan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "աֆղանական"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanu"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "əfqan"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistandar"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "afhánski",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афга́нскі"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"roman": "aphgani",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "আফগানি"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "afganistánski",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афганиста́нски"
},
{
"code": "my",
"lang": "Burmese",
"roman": "ahpa.gannacca.tan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "အာဖဂန်နစ်စတန်"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganès"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "Āfùhàn de",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "阿富汗的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgánský"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghánský"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgaani"
},
{
"code": "fo",
"lang": "Faroese",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganskur"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanilainen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghan"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "avɣanuri",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "ავღანური"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghanisch"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "afganikós",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "αφγανικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "afgani",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "אַפְגָּנִי"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "अफगानी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgán"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganisztáni"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghanistan"
},
{
"code": "ia",
"lang": "Interlingua",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghan"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afganastánach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghano"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "Afuganisutan no",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "アフガニスタンの"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "auğan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "ауған"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "ʼaafgiəniisthaan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "អាហ្វហ្គានីស្ថាន"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "apeuganiseutanui",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "아프가니스탄의"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Efxanî"
},
{
"code": "ky",
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"roman": "afgan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афган"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghanicus"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgāņu"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgānisks"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afganištanietiškas"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "afganistanietiška"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "avganistánski",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "авганиста́нски"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afghanistan"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "afgan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "афган"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"code": "ps",
"lang": "Pashto",
"roman": "afǧāní",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغاني"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğân",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغان"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "afğâni",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "afgański"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afegão"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgan"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "afgánskij",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афга́нский"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "афганѝста̄нскӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "afganìstānskī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganský"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afganistanski"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgano"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afghansk"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "afġonī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "афғонӣ"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"roman": "áf-gaa-nís-tǎan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "อัฟกานิสถาน"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Afgan"
},
{
"code": "tk",
"lang": "Turkmen",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "owgan"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "afhánsʹkyj",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "афга́нський"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "افغانی"
},
{
"code": "ug",
"lang": "Uyghur",
"roman": "afghan",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "ئافغان"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "afgʻon"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "pertaining to Afghanistan",
"word": "Áp-ga-ni-xtan"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "Pathaans"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "Afghaans"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "pataani-"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgaani-"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "afġānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "अफ़्ग़ानी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "aphgānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "अफगानी"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "paṭhānī",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "पठानी"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "puštunu"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgāņu"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgānisks"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "pasztuński"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "pertaining to Pashtun",
"word": "afgan"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Afghan",
"Origins of the name Afghan"
],
"word": "Afghan"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-17 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-01 using wiktextract (0b52755 and 5cb0836). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.