See 臣 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 臣 meaning in Chinese (20.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "一代宗臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "一代鼎臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "下臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "不按君臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùchén",
"word": "不臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bùchén zhī xīn",
"word": "不臣之心"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "主憂臣辱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "主忧臣辱"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "主臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "主辱臣死"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "luànchén",
"word": "亂臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "luànchén",
"word": "乱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "luànchénzéizǐ",
"word": "亂臣賊子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "luànchénzéizǐ",
"word": "乱臣贼子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "亂臣逆子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "乱臣逆子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "五位君臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "五臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "rénchén",
"word": "人臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wèijírénchén",
"word": "位極人臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wèijírénchén",
"word": "位极人臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nìngchén",
"word": "佞臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shǐchén",
"word": "使臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "信臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "倖臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "幸臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "俯首稱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "俯首称臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "偪臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "先臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "入臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nèichén",
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "公卿大臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "具臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "刑臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "力臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "gōngchén",
"word": "功臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xūnchén",
"word": "勛臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xūnchén",
"word": "勋臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "北洋大臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "北面稱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "北面称臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "南洋大臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "fǎnchén",
"word": "反臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "名臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "君射臣決"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "君射臣决"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "君桴臣鼓"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jūnchén",
"word": "君臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "君臣佐使"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "四海稱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "四海称臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "壟畝之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "垄亩之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "dàchén",
"word": "大臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchén",
"word": "奸臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiānchén",
"word": "姦臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "媵臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "bìchén",
"word": "嬖臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "孤臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "孤臣孽子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "孽子孤臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "宗臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiāchén",
"word": "家臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "小臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "市井之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "廚養臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "厨养臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "nòngchén",
"word": "弄臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wēichén",
"word": "微臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhōngchén",
"word": "忠臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "忠臣孝子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "忠臣烈士"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "忠臣義士"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "忠臣义士"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "yúchén",
"word": "愚臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "放臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "wénchén",
"word": "文臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "cháochén",
"word": "朝臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "末臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "柱石之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "柄臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "柱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "棟梁之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "栋梁之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "樞臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "枢臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "quánchén",
"word": "權臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "quánchén",
"word": "权臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnchāidàchén",
"word": "欽差大臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "qīnchāidàchén",
"word": "钦差大臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "波臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "法臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "波臣派"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "爭臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "争臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "疆臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhíchén",
"word": "直臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "shèjì zhī chén",
"word": "社稷之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "私臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chēngchén",
"word": "稱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chēngchén",
"word": "称臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "稱臣納貢"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "称臣纳贡"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "穡臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "穑臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "竊簪之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "窃簪之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "純臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "纯臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "納貢稱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "纳贡称臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "纍臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "累臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "lǎochén",
"word": "老臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "néngchén",
"word": "能臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "臣一主二"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chénliáo",
"word": "臣僚"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "臣妾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chénzǐ",
"word": "臣子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "臣工"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "臣心如水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chénfú",
"word": "臣服"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "chénmín",
"word": "臣民"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "臣門如市"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "臣门如市"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiùchén",
"word": "舊臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jiùchén",
"word": "旧臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "liángchén",
"word": "良臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "茵席之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "草茅之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "藎臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "荩臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "虎臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "褻臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "亵臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "諍臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "诤臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "móuchén",
"word": "謀臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "móuchén",
"word": "谋臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "諧臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "谐臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "諫臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "谏臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "謀臣如雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "谋臣如雨"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "móuchén wǔjiàng",
"word": "謀臣武將"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "móuchén wǔjiàng",
"word": "谋臣武将"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "謀臣猛將"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "谋臣猛将"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "讒臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "谗臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "豪臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "貞臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贞臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "貴極人臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贵极人臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "èrchén",
"word": "貳臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "èrchén",
"word": "贰臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "貳臣傳"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贰臣传"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "買臣覆水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "买臣覆水"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "買臣負薪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "买臣负薪"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "賊子亂臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贼子乱臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "賊臣亂子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贼臣乱子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "賊臣逆子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "贼臣逆子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xiánchén",
"word": "賢臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "xiánchén",
"word": "贤臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "jìnchén",
"word": "近臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "逆子賊臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "逆子贼臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "逆臣賊子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "逆臣贼子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "逐臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "邪臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"roman": "zhòngchén",
"word": "重臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "閨閣之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "闺阁之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "陪臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "陰臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "阴臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "骨鯁之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "骨鲠之臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鼎臣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "鼎鼐臣"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "視",
"2": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "視 (OC *ɡljilʔ, *ɡljils, *ɢljils, “to watch”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Keightley 2012"
},
"expansion": "Keightley 2012",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Old Chinese, nominalization with nasal suffix of the verb 視 (OC *ɡljilʔ, *ɡljils, *ɢljils, “to watch”), hence literally \"watcher; supervisor\" (Schuessler 2007). In the archaic language of the Shang oracle bones (late second millennium BCE), this word referred to \"royal officers, many of whose individual names were recorded, who served in the royal court, received the king's orders to launch military expeditions and other tasks, and received royal gifts\" (Keightley 2012).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "臣",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"slave; servant; captive"
],
"id": "en-臣-zh-character-X9eLCKpP",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"captive",
"captive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) slave; servant; captive"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 32 5 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 3 8 10 11 0 14 10 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Making cracks on jihai, divined: \"[We] order Wu [?] to be the Junior Servitor for Cultivation.",
"ref": "己亥卜，貞。令吳小耤臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "己亥卜，贞。令吴小耤臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Oracle bone, late second millennium BCE, quoted and translated in Working for His Majesty: Research Notes on Labor Mobilization in Late Shang China (ca. 1200–1045 B.C.) by David N. Keightley\nJǐhài bǔ, zhēn. Lìng Wú xiǎo jí chén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The Thearch said, 'My ministers constitute my legs and arms, my ears and eyes. ….\"",
"ref": "帝曰：「臣作朕股肱耳目。……。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE\nDì yuē: “Chén zuò zhèn gǔgōng ěrmù........” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The duke Ding asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince.",
"ref": "定公問：「君使臣，臣事君，如之何？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "定公问：「君使臣，臣事君，如之何？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nDìng gōng wèn: “Jūn shǐ chén, chén shì jūn, rúzhīhé?” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Drinking at Longshan on the Double Ninth, the yellow blossoms mock the exiled minister.",
"ref": "九日龍山飲，黃花笑逐臣。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "九日龙山饮，黄花笑逐臣。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 《九日龍山飲/九日龙山饮》 by Li Bai, 762 CE\nJiǔrì Lóngshān yǐn, huánghuā xiào zhúchén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"minister; statesman; official (in feudal society)"
],
"id": "en-臣-zh-character-GymTUTzJ",
"links": [
[
"minister",
"minister"
],
[
"statesman",
"statesman"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 60 8 7 10 3",
"roman": "chénzǐ",
"sense": "minister",
"word": "臣子"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Under the wide heaven, all is the king's land. Within the sea-boundaries of the land, all are the king's servants.",
"ref": "溥天之下，莫非王土。率土之濱，莫非王臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。率土之滨，莫非王臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nPǔ tiān zhī xià, mòfēi wáng tǔ. Shuàitǔ zhī bīn, mòfēi wáng chén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subjects of a monarch"
],
"id": "en-臣-zh-character-WwLR-tcv",
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
],
"qualifier": "more broadly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(more broadly) subjects of a monarch"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Should Your Majesty rely on the multitude of your subjects and depend on the strength of your weapons, making use of the might with which you laid waste to Wei, with a desire to subjugate the lords of the world by brute force, your servant fears that there may be trouble later on.",
"ref": "王若負人徒之眾，仗兵革之彊，乘毀魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有後患也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王若负人徒之众，仗兵革之强，乘毁魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有后患也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nWáng ruò fù réntú zhī zhòng, zhàng bīnggé zhī qiáng, chéng huǐ Wèi zhī wēi, ér yù yǐ lì chén tiānxià zhī zhǔ, chén kǒng qí yǒu hòuhuàn yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make a subject"
],
"id": "en-臣-zh-character-WNura1i2",
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Should Your Majesty rely on the multitude of your subjects and depend on the strength of your weapons, making use of the might with which you laid waste to Wei, with a desire to subjugate the lords of the world by brute force, your servant fears that there may be trouble later on.",
"ref": "王若負人徒之眾，仗兵革之彊，乘毀魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有後患也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王若负人徒之众，仗兵革之强，乘毁魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有后患也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nWáng ruò fù réntú zhī zhòng, zhàng bīnggé zhī qiáng, chéng huǐ Wèi zhī wēi, ér yù yǐ lì chén tiānxià zhī zhǔ, chén kǒng qí yǒu hòuhuàn yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Through the five or six years after 1592, the enemy have not dared directly attack Jeolla and Chungcheong because our fleet guarded their route. Your servant still has twelve battleships today. If we defend with our dying strength, it can still be done.",
"ref": "自壬辰至于五六年間，賊不敢直突於兩湖者，以舟師之扼其路也。今臣戰船尙有十二，出死力拒戰，則猶可爲也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]",
"text": "From: Admiral Yi Sun-sin, 1597, quoted in《李忠武公全書》 (Collected Works of Yi, Duke of Loyalty and Martiality), 1795\n자 임진) 지우 오륙년 간) 적) 불감직돌어양호자) 이주사지액기로야.) 금 신 전선) 상유십이) 출사력거전) 즉 유가위야.)\nJa Imjin[-euro] jiu o ryuk nyeon gan[-e], jeog[-i] bulgam jik dol eo Yangho ja[-neun], i jusa ji aek gi ro ya[-niida]. Geum sin jeonseon[-i] sang yu sibi[-hani], chul saryeok geojeon[-imyeon], jeuk yu ga wi ya[-niida]. [Sino-Korean]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I, me; your servant (humble pronoun, especially when speaking to a monarch)"
],
"id": "en-臣-zh-character-gj8UAV-S",
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"your",
"your"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humble, historical or archaic) I, me; your servant (humble pronoun, especially when speaking to a monarch)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical",
"humble"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese surnames",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 15 3 8 10 11 0 14 10 9 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"id": "en-臣-zh-character-v2O7m9sM",
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chen²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "san⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ̀n"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "cing⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chern"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чэнь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čɛnʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sàhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "san⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "sen⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ̀n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "siinˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sin²"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨn¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "sìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/siŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siin"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tshîng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "zen^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/zən²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dzyin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ɡiŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨn¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zən²³/"
},
{
"other": "[ɡ]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*ɡiŋ/"
}
],
"word": "臣"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese proper nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Chinese verbs",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Eastern Min proper nouns",
"Eastern Min verbs",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Old Chinese lemmas",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "一代宗臣"
},
{
"word": "一代鼎臣"
},
{
"word": "下臣"
},
{
"word": "不按君臣"
},
{
"roman": "bùchén",
"word": "不臣"
},
{
"roman": "bùchén zhī xīn",
"word": "不臣之心"
},
{
"word": "主憂臣辱"
},
{
"word": "主忧臣辱"
},
{
"word": "主臣"
},
{
"word": "主辱臣死"
},
{
"roman": "luànchén",
"word": "亂臣"
},
{
"roman": "luànchén",
"word": "乱臣"
},
{
"roman": "luànchénzéizǐ",
"word": "亂臣賊子"
},
{
"roman": "luànchénzéizǐ",
"word": "乱臣贼子"
},
{
"word": "亂臣逆子"
},
{
"word": "乱臣逆子"
},
{
"word": "五位君臣"
},
{
"word": "五臣"
},
{
"roman": "rénchén",
"word": "人臣"
},
{
"roman": "wèijírénchén",
"word": "位極人臣"
},
{
"roman": "wèijírénchén",
"word": "位极人臣"
},
{
"roman": "nìngchén",
"word": "佞臣"
},
{
"roman": "shǐchén",
"word": "使臣"
},
{
"word": "信臣"
},
{
"word": "倖臣"
},
{
"word": "幸臣"
},
{
"word": "俯首稱臣"
},
{
"word": "俯首称臣"
},
{
"word": "偪臣"
},
{
"word": "先臣"
},
{
"word": "入臣"
},
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"word": "內臣"
},
{
"roman": "nèichén",
"word": "内臣"
},
{
"word": "公卿大臣"
},
{
"word": "具臣"
},
{
"word": "刑臣"
},
{
"word": "力臣"
},
{
"roman": "gōngchén",
"word": "功臣"
},
{
"roman": "xūnchén",
"word": "勛臣"
},
{
"roman": "xūnchén",
"word": "勋臣"
},
{
"word": "北洋大臣"
},
{
"word": "北面稱臣"
},
{
"word": "北面称臣"
},
{
"word": "南洋大臣"
},
{
"roman": "fǎnchén",
"word": "反臣"
},
{
"word": "名臣"
},
{
"word": "君射臣決"
},
{
"word": "君射臣决"
},
{
"word": "君桴臣鼓"
},
{
"roman": "jūnchén",
"word": "君臣"
},
{
"word": "君臣佐使"
},
{
"word": "四海稱臣"
},
{
"word": "四海称臣"
},
{
"word": "壟畝之臣"
},
{
"word": "垄亩之臣"
},
{
"roman": "dàchén",
"word": "大臣"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchén",
"word": "奸臣"
},
{
"roman": "jiānchén",
"word": "姦臣"
},
{
"word": "媵臣"
},
{
"roman": "bìchén",
"word": "嬖臣"
},
{
"word": "孤臣"
},
{
"word": "孤臣孽子"
},
{
"word": "孽子孤臣"
},
{
"word": "宗臣"
},
{
"roman": "jiāchén",
"word": "家臣"
},
{
"word": "小臣"
},
{
"word": "市井之臣"
},
{
"word": "廚養臣"
},
{
"word": "厨养臣"
},
{
"roman": "nòngchén",
"word": "弄臣"
},
{
"roman": "wēichén",
"word": "微臣"
},
{
"roman": "zhōngchén",
"word": "忠臣"
},
{
"word": "忠臣孝子"
},
{
"word": "忠臣烈士"
},
{
"word": "忠臣義士"
},
{
"word": "忠臣义士"
},
{
"roman": "yúchén",
"word": "愚臣"
},
{
"word": "放臣"
},
{
"roman": "wénchén",
"word": "文臣"
},
{
"roman": "cháochén",
"word": "朝臣"
},
{
"word": "末臣"
},
{
"word": "柱石之臣"
},
{
"word": "柄臣"
},
{
"word": "柱臣"
},
{
"word": "棟梁之臣"
},
{
"word": "栋梁之臣"
},
{
"word": "樞臣"
},
{
"word": "枢臣"
},
{
"roman": "quánchén",
"word": "權臣"
},
{
"roman": "quánchén",
"word": "权臣"
},
{
"roman": "qīnchāidàchén",
"word": "欽差大臣"
},
{
"roman": "qīnchāidàchén",
"word": "钦差大臣"
},
{
"word": "波臣"
},
{
"word": "法臣"
},
{
"word": "波臣派"
},
{
"word": "爭臣"
},
{
"word": "争臣"
},
{
"word": "疆臣"
},
{
"roman": "zhíchén",
"word": "直臣"
},
{
"roman": "shèjì zhī chén",
"word": "社稷之臣"
},
{
"word": "私臣"
},
{
"roman": "chēngchén",
"word": "稱臣"
},
{
"roman": "chēngchén",
"word": "称臣"
},
{
"word": "稱臣納貢"
},
{
"word": "称臣纳贡"
},
{
"word": "穡臣"
},
{
"word": "穑臣"
},
{
"word": "竊簪之臣"
},
{
"word": "窃簪之臣"
},
{
"word": "純臣"
},
{
"word": "纯臣"
},
{
"word": "納貢稱臣"
},
{
"word": "纳贡称臣"
},
{
"word": "纍臣"
},
{
"word": "累臣"
},
{
"roman": "lǎochén",
"word": "老臣"
},
{
"roman": "néngchén",
"word": "能臣"
},
{
"word": "臣一主二"
},
{
"roman": "chénliáo",
"word": "臣僚"
},
{
"word": "臣妾"
},
{
"roman": "chénzǐ",
"word": "臣子"
},
{
"word": "臣工"
},
{
"word": "臣心如水"
},
{
"roman": "chénfú",
"word": "臣服"
},
{
"roman": "chénmín",
"word": "臣民"
},
{
"word": "臣門如市"
},
{
"word": "臣门如市"
},
{
"roman": "jiùchén",
"word": "舊臣"
},
{
"roman": "jiùchén",
"word": "旧臣"
},
{
"roman": "liángchén",
"word": "良臣"
},
{
"word": "茵席之臣"
},
{
"word": "草茅之臣"
},
{
"word": "藎臣"
},
{
"word": "荩臣"
},
{
"word": "虎臣"
},
{
"word": "褻臣"
},
{
"word": "亵臣"
},
{
"word": "諍臣"
},
{
"word": "诤臣"
},
{
"roman": "móuchén",
"word": "謀臣"
},
{
"roman": "móuchén",
"word": "谋臣"
},
{
"word": "諧臣"
},
{
"word": "谐臣"
},
{
"word": "諫臣"
},
{
"word": "谏臣"
},
{
"word": "謀臣如雨"
},
{
"word": "谋臣如雨"
},
{
"roman": "móuchén wǔjiàng",
"word": "謀臣武將"
},
{
"roman": "móuchén wǔjiàng",
"word": "谋臣武将"
},
{
"word": "謀臣猛將"
},
{
"word": "谋臣猛将"
},
{
"word": "讒臣"
},
{
"word": "谗臣"
},
{
"word": "豪臣"
},
{
"word": "貞臣"
},
{
"word": "贞臣"
},
{
"word": "貴極人臣"
},
{
"word": "贵极人臣"
},
{
"roman": "èrchén",
"word": "貳臣"
},
{
"roman": "èrchén",
"word": "贰臣"
},
{
"word": "貳臣傳"
},
{
"word": "贰臣传"
},
{
"word": "買臣覆水"
},
{
"word": "买臣覆水"
},
{
"word": "買臣負薪"
},
{
"word": "买臣负薪"
},
{
"word": "賊子亂臣"
},
{
"word": "贼子乱臣"
},
{
"word": "賊臣亂子"
},
{
"word": "贼臣乱子"
},
{
"word": "賊臣逆子"
},
{
"word": "贼臣逆子"
},
{
"roman": "xiánchén",
"word": "賢臣"
},
{
"roman": "xiánchén",
"word": "贤臣"
},
{
"roman": "jìnchén",
"word": "近臣"
},
{
"word": "逆子賊臣"
},
{
"word": "逆子贼臣"
},
{
"word": "逆臣賊子"
},
{
"word": "逆臣贼子"
},
{
"word": "逐臣"
},
{
"word": "邪臣"
},
{
"roman": "zhòngchén",
"word": "重臣"
},
{
"word": "閨閣之臣"
},
{
"word": "闺阁之臣"
},
{
"word": "陪臣"
},
{
"word": "陰臣"
},
{
"word": "阴臣"
},
{
"word": "骨鯁之臣"
},
{
"word": "骨鲠之臣"
},
{
"word": "鼎臣"
},
{
"word": "鼎鼐臣"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "視",
"2": "to watch"
},
"expansion": "視 (OC *ɡljilʔ, *ɡljils, *ɢljils, “to watch”)",
"name": "och-l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler 2007"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler 2007",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Keightley 2012"
},
"expansion": "Keightley 2012",
"name": "zh-ref"
}
],
"etymology_text": "In Old Chinese, nominalization with nasal suffix of the verb 視 (OC *ɡljilʔ, *ɡljils, *ɢljils, “to watch”), hence literally \"watcher; supervisor\" (Schuessler 2007). In the archaic language of the Shang oracle bones (late second millennium BCE), this word referred to \"royal officers, many of whose individual names were recorded, who served in the royal court, received the king's orders to launch military expeditions and other tasks, and received royal gifts\" (Keightley 2012).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "臣",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Chinese terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"slave; servant; captive"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"captive",
"captive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) slave; servant; captive"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Making cracks on jihai, divined: \"[We] order Wu [?] to be the Junior Servitor for Cultivation.",
"ref": "己亥卜，貞。令吳小耤臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "己亥卜，贞。令吴小耤臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Oracle bone, late second millennium BCE, quoted and translated in Working for His Majesty: Research Notes on Labor Mobilization in Late Shang China (ca. 1200–1045 B.C.) by David N. Keightley\nJǐhài bǔ, zhēn. Lìng Wú xiǎo jí chén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The Thearch said, 'My ministers constitute my legs and arms, my ears and eyes. ….\"",
"ref": "帝曰：「臣作朕股肱耳目。……。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]",
"text": "From: The Book of Documents, circa 7ᵗʰ – 4ᵗʰ centuries BCE\nDì yuē: “Chén zuò zhèn gǔgōng ěrmù........” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "The duke Ding asked how a prince should employ his ministers, and how ministers should serve their prince.",
"ref": "定公問：「君使臣，臣事君，如之何？」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "定公问：「君使臣，臣事君，如之何？」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nDìng gōng wèn: “Jūn shǐ chén, chén shì jūn, rúzhīhé?” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Drinking at Longshan on the Double Ninth, the yellow blossoms mock the exiled minister.",
"ref": "九日龍山飲，黃花笑逐臣。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "九日龙山饮，黄花笑逐臣。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: 《九日龍山飲/九日龙山饮》 by Li Bai, 762 CE\nJiǔrì Lóngshān yǐn, huánghuā xiào zhúchén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"minister; statesman; official (in feudal society)"
],
"links": [
[
"minister",
"minister"
],
[
"statesman",
"statesman"
],
[
"official",
"official"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Under the wide heaven, all is the king's land. Within the sea-boundaries of the land, all are the king's servants.",
"ref": "溥天之下，莫非王土。率土之濱，莫非王臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "溥天之下，莫非王土。率土之滨，莫非王臣。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11ᵗʰ – 7ᵗʰ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nPǔ tiān zhī xià, mòfēi wáng tǔ. Shuàitǔ zhī bīn, mòfēi wáng chén. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"subjects of a monarch"
],
"links": [
[
"subject",
"subject"
],
[
"monarch",
"monarch"
]
],
"qualifier": "more broadly",
"raw_glosses": [
"(more broadly) subjects of a monarch"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Should Your Majesty rely on the multitude of your subjects and depend on the strength of your weapons, making use of the might with which you laid waste to Wei, with a desire to subjugate the lords of the world by brute force, your servant fears that there may be trouble later on.",
"ref": "王若負人徒之眾，仗兵革之彊，乘毀魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有後患也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王若负人徒之众，仗兵革之强，乘毁魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有后患也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nWáng ruò fù réntú zhī zhòng, zhàng bīnggé zhī qiáng, chéng huǐ Wèi zhī wēi, ér yù yǐ lì chén tiānxià zhī zhǔ, chén kǒng qí yǒu hòuhuàn yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to make a subject"
],
"links": [
[
"make",
"make"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese humble terms",
"Chinese terms with archaic senses",
"Chinese terms with historical senses",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Should Your Majesty rely on the multitude of your subjects and depend on the strength of your weapons, making use of the might with which you laid waste to Wei, with a desire to subjugate the lords of the world by brute force, your servant fears that there may be trouble later on.",
"ref": "王若負人徒之眾，仗兵革之彊，乘毀魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有後患也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "王若负人徒之众，仗兵革之强，乘毁魏之威，而欲以力臣天下之主，臣恐其有后患也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE\nWáng ruò fù réntú zhī zhòng, zhàng bīnggé zhī qiáng, chéng huǐ Wèi zhī wēi, ér yù yǐ lì chén tiānxià zhī zhǔ, chén kǒng qí yǒu hòuhuàn yě. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Through the five or six years after 1592, the enemy have not dared directly attack Jeolla and Chungcheong because our fleet guarded their route. Your servant still has twelve battleships today. If we defend with our dying strength, it can still be done.",
"ref": "自壬辰至于五六年間，賊不敢直突於兩湖者，以舟師之扼其路也。今臣戰船尙有十二，出死力拒戰，則猶可爲也。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]",
"text": "From: Admiral Yi Sun-sin, 1597, quoted in《李忠武公全書》 (Collected Works of Yi, Duke of Loyalty and Martiality), 1795\n자 임진) 지우 오륙년 간) 적) 불감직돌어양호자) 이주사지액기로야.) 금 신 전선) 상유십이) 출사력거전) 즉 유가위야.)\nJa Imjin[-euro] jiu o ryuk nyeon gan[-e], jeog[-i] bulgam jik dol eo Yangho ja[-neun], i jusa ji aek gi ro ya[-niida]. Geum sin jeonseon[-i] sang yu sibi[-hani], chul saryeok geojeon[-imyeon], jeuk yu ga wi ya[-niida]. [Sino-Korean]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I, me; your servant (humble pronoun, especially when speaking to a monarch)"
],
"links": [
[
"humble",
"humble"
],
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"your",
"your"
],
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(humble, historical or archaic) I, me; your servant (humble pronoun, especially when speaking to a monarch)"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"historical",
"humble"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese surnames"
],
"glosses": [
"a surname"
],
"links": [
[
"surname",
"surname"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chen²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄔㄣˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "san⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ̀n"
},
{
"zh-pron": "sìng"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "sîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "cing⁵"
},
{
"zh-pron": "⁶zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chʻên²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "chén"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "chern"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чэнь"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čɛnʹ"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "sàhn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "san⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "sen⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐn²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sṳ̀n"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "siinˇ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "sin²"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨn¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "sìng"
},
{
"ipa": "/siŋ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "sîn"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "siin"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "tshîng"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "⁶zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "zen^去"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "³zen"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/zən²³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "dzyin"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*[ɡ]i[ŋ]/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*ɡiŋ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂʰən³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɐn²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sɨn¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/siŋ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sin²³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sʰiŋ⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/zən²³/"
},
{
"other": "[ɡ]"
},
{
"other": "[ŋ]"
},
{
"other": "/*ɡiŋ/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "chénzǐ",
"sense": "minister",
"word": "臣子"
}
],
"word": "臣"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"臣"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "臣",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.