"剛剛" meaning in Chinese

See 剛剛 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adverb

IPA: /kɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/ [Jin, Sinological-IPA, Taiyuan], /kɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/, /kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/, /kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/, /kɑŋ³³ kɑŋ³⁴/ Chinese transliterations: gānggāng [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄍㄤ ㄍㄤ [Mandarin, bopomofo], gong¹ gong¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], jion¹ jion¹⁻³ [Jin, Wiktionary-specific], ¹kaon-kaon, ¹kan-kan₁, gānggāng [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], ganggang [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], kang¹-kang¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], gāng-gāng [Mandarin, Yale], ganggang [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], ганган [Mandarin, Palladius], gangan [Mandarin, Palladius], gōng gōng [Cantonese, Yale], gong¹ gong¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], gong¹ gong¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], jion¹ jion¹⁻³ [Jin, Taiyuan, Wiktionary-specific], ¹kaon-kaon [Northern, Wu], kaon^平 kaon [Northern, Wu], ¹kaan-kaan [Northern, Wu], /kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/ [Northern, Wu], ¹kan-kan₁ [Northern, Wu], kan^平 kan^平 [Northern, Wu], /kɑŋ³³ kɑŋ³⁴/ [Northern, Wu] Forms: 刚刚
Head templates: {{head|zh|adverb}} 剛剛
  1. just; just now; a moment ago Categories (topical): Time
    Sense id: en-剛剛-zh-adv-bEaRhgcx Disambiguation of Time: 100 0 Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Elementary Mandarin, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Chinese entries with incorrect language header: 100 0 Disambiguation of Elementary Mandarin: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 100 0
  2. barely Synonyms (barely): 啱啱 [Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew]
    Sense id: en-剛剛-zh-adv-zSiNCJ5a Disambiguation of 'barely': 1 99
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 今仔 [Hokkien], 剛才 (gāngcái), 刚才 (gāngcái), 方才 (fāngcái), (zàn) [literary], (zàn) [literary], 站仔 [Hokkien], 適才 (shìcái), 适才 (shìcái)
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "刚刚",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "剛剛",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Elementary Mandarin",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Time",
          "orig": "zh:Time",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I just received a letter from Chongqing.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我剛剛收到一封從重慶寄來的信。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I just received a letter from Chongqing.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我刚刚收到一封从重庆寄来的信。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We've just broke up and my heart feels like it's been ripped apart.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒmen gānggāng fēnshǒu, wǒ de xīn xiàng sīliè yīyàng tòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我們剛剛分手,我的心像撕裂一樣痛。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We've just broke up and my heart feels like it's been ripped apart.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒmen gānggāng fēnshǒu, wǒ de xīn xiàng sīliè yīyàng tòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我们刚刚分手,我的心像撕裂一样痛。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "just; just now; a moment ago"
      ],
      "id": "en-剛剛-zh-adv-bEaRhgcx",
      "links": [
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "just now",
          "just now"
        ],
        [
          "moment",
          "moment"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "My income barely covers my expenses.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ de shōurù gānggāng gòu yòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我的收入剛剛夠用。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "My income barely covers my expenses.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ de shōurù gānggāng gòu yòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我的收入刚刚够用。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "barely"
      ],
      "id": "en-剛剛-zh-adv-zSiNCJ5a",
      "links": [
        [
          "barely",
          "barely"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 99",
          "sense": "barely",
          "tags": [
            "Cantonese",
            "Hakka",
            "Teochew"
          ],
          "word": "啱啱"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gānggāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄤ ㄍㄤ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gong¹ gong¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion¹ jion¹⁻³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹kaon-kaon"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹kan-kan₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gānggāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ganggang"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kang¹-kang¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāng-gāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ganggang"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ганган"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gangan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gōng gōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gong¹ gong¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gong¹ gong¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion¹ jion¹⁻³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kaon-kaon"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kaon^平 kaon"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kaan-kaan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kan-kan₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan^平 kan^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kɑŋ³³ kɑŋ³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑŋ³³ kɑŋ³⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "今仔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gāngcái",
      "word": "剛才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "gāngcái",
      "word": "刚才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "fāngcái",
      "word": "方才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "暫"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "zàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "暂"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "站仔"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shìcái",
      "word": "適才"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "roman": "shìcái",
      "word": "适才"
    }
  ],
  "word": "剛剛"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Chinese adverbs",
    "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Chinese lemmas",
    "Chinese terms spelled with 剛",
    "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Elementary Mandarin",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "zh:Time"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "刚刚",
      "raw_tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "adverb"
      },
      "expansion": "剛剛",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "I just received a letter from Chongqing.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我剛剛收到一封從重慶寄來的信。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "I just received a letter from Chongqing.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ gānggāng shōudào yī fēng cóng Chóngqìng jì lái de xìn.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我刚刚收到一封从重庆寄来的信。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We've just broke up and my heart feels like it's been ripped apart.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒmen gānggāng fēnshǒu, wǒ de xīn xiàng sīliè yīyàng tòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我們剛剛分手,我的心像撕裂一樣痛。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "We've just broke up and my heart feels like it's been ripped apart.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒmen gānggāng fēnshǒu, wǒ de xīn xiàng sīliè yīyàng tòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我们刚刚分手,我的心像撕裂一样痛。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "just; just now; a moment ago"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "just",
          "just"
        ],
        [
          "just now",
          "just now"
        ],
        [
          "moment",
          "moment"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Mandarin terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "My income barely covers my expenses.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Traditional Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ de shōurù gānggāng gòu yòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我的收入剛剛夠用。",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "My income barely covers my expenses.",
          "raw_tags": [
            "MSC",
            "Simplified Chinese"
          ],
          "roman": "Wǒ de shōurù gānggāng gòu yòng.",
          "tags": [
            "Pinyin"
          ],
          "text": "我的收入刚刚够用。",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "barely"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "barely",
          "barely"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gānggāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄍㄤ ㄍㄤ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gong¹ gong¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion¹ jion¹⁻³"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹kaon-kaon"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "¹kan-kan₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gānggāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ganggang"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kang¹-kang¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gāng-gāng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ganggang"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ганган"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gangan"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gōng gōng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gong¹ gong¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "gong¹ gong¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Taiyuan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "jion¹ jion¹⁻³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taiyuan"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kaon-kaon"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kaon^平 kaon"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kaan-kaan"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "¹kan-kan₁"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "kan^平 kan^平"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Northern",
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/kɑŋ³³ kɑŋ³⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑŋ⁵⁵ kɑŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɔːŋ⁵⁵ kɔːŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹ t͡ɕiɒ̃¹¹⁻⁴⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑ̃⁵⁵ kɑ̃²¹/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɑŋ³³ kɑŋ³⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "今仔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngcái",
      "word": "剛才"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gāngcái",
      "word": "刚才"
    },
    {
      "roman": "fāngcái",
      "word": "方才"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "暫"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zàn",
      "tags": [
        "literary"
      ],
      "word": "暂"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien"
      ],
      "word": "站仔"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shìcái",
      "word": "適才"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shìcái",
      "word": "适才"
    },
    {
      "sense": "barely",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Hakka",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "word": "啱啱"
    }
  ],
  "word": "剛剛"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 剛剛 meaning in Chinese (4.8kB)

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  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
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  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Hangzhou)'",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
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  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Northern, Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "page/2196",
  "msg": "parse_linkage_recurse unhandled NodeKind.URL: <URL(['https://wiki.local/w/index.php?action=edit&title=Thesaurus%3A%E5%89%9B%E6%89%8D'], ['edit']){} >",
  "path": [
    "剛剛"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "adverb",
  "title": "剛剛",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Chinese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.