See virulent on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "avirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardiovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "enterovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hepatovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypervirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "neurovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonvirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "supervirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "urovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virulently"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virulentness"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "wisós"
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"expansion": "PIE word\n *wisós",
"name": "PIE word"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "virulent",
"t": "leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verelent, virulente",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vīrulentus",
"t": "poisonous"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wisós",
"t": "poison; slime; fluidity"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
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"name": "glossary"
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"args": {
"1": "adjective"
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"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "virulent"
},
"expansion": "French virulent",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "éditeurs, Libraris de l’Académie de Médecine, 120, Boulevard Saint-Germain"
},
"expansion": "[…]",
"name": "nb..."
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wisós\nFrom Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”), from vīrus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives).\nSense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more virulent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most virulent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent (comparative more virulent, superlative most virulent)",
"name": "en-adj"
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],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virulence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "virulency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathogenic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "harmless"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-iEISaJ2A",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"venomous",
"venomous"
],
[
"poisonous",
"poisonous"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "silno otroven",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "силно отровен"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "jehrewî"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The politicians were virulent in their hatred of the president.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.",
"text": "More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poyſoned tode, or any ſerpent."
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, “The Well House”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-hars3P0F",
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"intensely",
"intensely"
],
[
"acrimonious",
"acrimonious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vraždeben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "враждебен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nepřátelský"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "katkera"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "vihamielinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "ondskapsfull"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "benign"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-2wk~q-Ka",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"causing",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"agent",
"agent"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolestotvoren",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "болестотворен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulentní"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nakažlivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tappava"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tarttuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "vahingollinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gadamdebi",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "გადამდები"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasiḳvdilo",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სასიკვდილო"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "seniani",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სენიანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "extrem ansteckend"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulens"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zarazen",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaraznyj",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
},
{
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"langcode": "en",
"name": "Microbiology",
"orig": "en:Microbiology",
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],
"glosses": [
"Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-N-4axRHD",
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"pathogen",
"pathogen"
],
[
"replicating",
"replicate#Verb"
],
[
"host cell",
"host cell"
],
[
"immediately",
"immediately"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"lysis",
"lysis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 5 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 5 90",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 5 90",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹ(j)ə-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"François Jacob"
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "vīrulentus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vīrulentus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vīrulentus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulenta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "virulents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"tags": [
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}
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"lang": "Catalan",
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{
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"word": "virulentament"
}
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"glosses": [
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"id": "en-virulent-ca-adj-7qXHuVW4",
"links": [
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "virulència"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bi.ɾuˈlen]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vi.ɾuˈlent]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "virulente",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente)",
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}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-virulent-da-adj-47DEQpj8",
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "virulemment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "virulentus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from English",
"name": "semantic loan"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "virulents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
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"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)",
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],
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"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "virulence"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
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"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
],
"id": "en-virulent-fr-adj-7qXHuVW4",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) virulent"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"virulent (hostile)"
],
"id": "en-virulent-fr-adj-nxWGG08V",
"links": [
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vi.ʁy.lɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "virulentus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin virulentus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin virulentus.",
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{
"form": "virulenter",
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"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-adecl",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
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"masculine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
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"feminine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
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"neuter",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
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"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "das virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"includes-article",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "des virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "des virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "den virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "den virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "das virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "ein virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eine virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ein virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keine virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eines virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "einer virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eines virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keiner virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "einem virulenten",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "einer virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "einem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keinen virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "einen virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eine virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ein virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keine virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent (strong nominative masculine singular virulenter, not comparable)",
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],
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],
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{
"args": {},
"name": "de-adecl"
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],
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"kind": "other",
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"Entry maintenance"
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},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "de",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "de:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
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"id": "en-virulent-de-adj-7qXHuVW4",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"virulent",
"virulent"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) virulent"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/viʁuˈlɛnt/"
},
{
"audio": "De-virulent.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/De-virulent.ogg"
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],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "fr",
"3": "virulent"
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"expansion": "Borrowed from French virulent",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "virulentus"
},
"expansion": "Latin virulentus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French virulent, from Latin virulentus.",
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{
"form": "virulentă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenți",
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"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
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"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent m or n (feminine singular virulentă, masculine plural virulenți, feminine and neuter plural virulente)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
],
"id": "en-virulent-ro-adj-7qXHuVW4",
"links": [
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "virulentament"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "vīrulentus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin vīrulentus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin vīrulentus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulenta",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "virulents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "#a"
},
"expansion": "virulent (feminine virulenta, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)",
"name": "ca-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "virulència"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Catalan adjectives",
"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
"Catalan lemmas",
"Catalan terms borrowed from Latin",
"Catalan terms derived from Latin",
"Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
],
"links": [
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[bi.ɾuˈlen]",
"tags": [
"Central"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[vi.ɾuˈlent]",
"tags": [
"Balearic",
"Valencia"
]
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{3}}}",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{comp2}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{4}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{sup2}}}",
"19": "",
"2": "adjective",
"20": "{{{5}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural and definite singular attributive",
"8": "virulente",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "n|s",
"f3accel-form": "e-form",
"f5accel-form": "comd",
"f7accel-form": "pred|supd",
"f9accel-form": "attr|supd",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "e"
},
"expansion": "virulent (plural and definite singular attributive virulente)",
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"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
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"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
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"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *wisós",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ent",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "avirulent"
},
{
"word": "cardiovirulent"
},
{
"word": "enterovirulent"
},
{
"word": "hepatovirulent"
},
{
"word": "hypervirulent"
},
{
"word": "hypovirulent"
},
{
"word": "neurovirulent"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
},
{
"word": "supervirulent"
},
{
"word": "urovirulent"
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{
"word": "virulently"
},
{
"word": "virulentness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wisós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "virulent",
"t": "leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verelent, virulente",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vīrulentus",
"t": "poisonous"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wisós",
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},
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"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
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"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "virulent"
},
"expansion": "French virulent",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "éditeurs, Libraris de l’Académie de Médecine, 120, Boulevard Saint-Germain"
},
"expansion": "[…]",
"name": "nb..."
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wisós\nFrom Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”), from vīrus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives).\nSense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more virulent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most virulent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
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"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "virulence"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "virulency"
},
{
"word": "virus"
},
{
"word": "pathogenic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "harmless"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous."
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"venomous",
"venomous"
],
[
"poisonous",
"poisonous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The politicians were virulent in their hatred of the president.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.",
"text": "More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poyſoned tode, or any ſerpent."
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, “The Well House”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"intensely",
"intensely"
],
[
"acrimonious",
"acrimonious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "benign"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"causing",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"agent",
"agent"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Microbiology"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"pathogen",
"pathogen"
],
[
"replicating",
"replicate#Verb"
],
[
"host cell",
"host cell"
],
[
"immediately",
"immediately"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"lysis",
"lysis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹ(j)ə-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-virulent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "silno otroven",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "силно отровен"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "jehrewî"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vraždeben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "враждебен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nepřátelský"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "katkera"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "vihamielinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "ondskapsfull"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolestotvoren",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "болестотворен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulentní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nakažlivý"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulenta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tappava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tarttuva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "vahingollinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gadamdebi",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "გადამდები"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasiḳvdilo",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სასიკვდილო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "seniani",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სენიანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "extrem ansteckend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulens"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zarazen",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразен"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaraznyj",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"François Jacob"
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"categories": [
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"French adjectives",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French semantic loans from English",
"French terms borrowed from Late Latin",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms derived from Late Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "virulemment"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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"2": "LL.",
"3": "virulentus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "-",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "semantic loan from English",
"name": "semantic loan"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Late Latin virulentus. The second sense is probably a semantic loan from English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "virulents",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent (feminine virulente, masculine plural virulents, feminine plural virulentes)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "virulence"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"fr:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) virulent"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"virulent (hostile)"
],
"links": [
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/vi.ʁy.lɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "la",
"3": "virulentus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin virulentus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin virulentus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulenter",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"strong",
"without-article"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "das virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"includes-article",
"nominative",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "des virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "des virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "der virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "dem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "den virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "den virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"masculine",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "das virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"neuter",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "die virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"includes-article",
"plural",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form": "ein virulenter",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eine virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ein virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keine virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "eines virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "einer virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eines virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keiner virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "einem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "einer virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "einem virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keinen virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "einen virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "eine virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ein virulentes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keine virulenten",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"includes-article",
"indefinite",
"mixed",
"negative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent (strong nominative masculine singular virulenter, not comparable)",
"name": "de-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vi‧ru‧lent"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "de-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German adjectives",
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German terms borrowed from Latin",
"German terms derived from Latin",
"German uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"de:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"virulent",
"virulent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) virulent"
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/viʁuˈlɛnt/"
},
{
"audio": "De-virulent.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/30/De-virulent.ogg/De-virulent.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/De-virulent.ogg"
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "virulent"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French virulent",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "virulentus"
},
"expansion": "Latin virulentus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French virulent, from Latin virulentus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "virulentă",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenți",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentă",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenții",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenți",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulente",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "virulenților",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "virulentelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent m or n (feminine singular virulentă, masculine plural virulenți, feminine and neuter plural virulente)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"virulent"
],
"links": [
[
"virulent",
"virulent#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "virulent"
}
Download raw JSONL data for virulent meaning in All languages combined (28.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.