See virulent in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "avirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cardiovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "enterovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hepatovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypervirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "hypovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "neurovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nonvirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "supervirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "urovirulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virulently"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virulentness"
}
],
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"args": {
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"2": "wisós"
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"name": "PIE word"
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{
"args": {
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"2": "enm",
"3": "virulent",
"t": "leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verelent, virulente",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "la",
"3": "vīrulentus",
"t": "poisonous"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wisós",
"t": "poison; slime; fluidity"
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"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
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"name": "glossary"
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "virulent"
},
"expansion": "French virulent",
"name": "der"
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{
"args": {
"1": "éditeurs, Libraris de l’Académie de Médecine, 120, Boulevard Saint-Germain"
},
"expansion": "[…]",
"name": "nb..."
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wisós\nFrom Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”), from vīrus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives).\nSense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more virulent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most virulent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
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"args": {},
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],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virulence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "virulency"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "virus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "pathogenic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "harmless"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-iEISaJ2A",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
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[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
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"venomous"
],
[
"poisonous",
"poisonous"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "silno otroven",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "силно отровен"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "jehrewî"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 13 2 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The politicians were virulent in their hatred of the president.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.",
"text": "More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poyſoned tode, or any ſerpent."
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, “The Well House”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-hars3P0F",
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"intensely",
"intensely"
],
[
"acrimonious",
"acrimonious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vraždeben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "враждебен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nepřátelský"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "katkera"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "vihamielinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "ondskapsfull"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 96 1 1",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "benign"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-2wk~q-Ka",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
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[
"causing",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"agent",
"agent"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolestotvoren",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "болестотворен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulentní"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nakažlivý"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulenta"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tappava"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tarttuva"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "vahingollinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gadamdebi",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "გადამდები"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasiḳvdilo",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სასიკვდილო"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "seniani",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სენიანი"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "extrem ansteckend"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulens"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zarazen",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaraznyj",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразный"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 1 92 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Microbiology",
"orig": "en:Microbiology",
"parents": [
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"id": "en-virulent-en-adj-N-4axRHD",
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"pathogen",
"pathogen"
],
[
"replicating",
"replicate#Verb"
],
[
"host cell",
"host cell"
],
[
"immediately",
"immediately"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"lysis",
"lysis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 1 5 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 5 90",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 1 5 90",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹ(j)ə-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-virulent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"François Jacob"
],
"word": "virulent"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -ent",
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"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
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"Terms with French translations",
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"Terms with German translations",
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"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "avirulent"
},
{
"word": "cardiovirulent"
},
{
"word": "enterovirulent"
},
{
"word": "hepatovirulent"
},
{
"word": "hypervirulent"
},
{
"word": "hypovirulent"
},
{
"word": "neurovirulent"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
},
{
"word": "supervirulent"
},
{
"word": "urovirulent"
},
{
"word": "virulently"
},
{
"word": "virulentness"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "wisós"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *wisós",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "virulent",
"t": "leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)"
},
"expansion": "Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "verelent, virulente",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vīrulentus",
"t": "poisonous"
},
"expansion": "Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wisós",
"t": "poison; slime; fluidity"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "suffix",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "virulent"
},
"expansion": "French virulent",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "éditeurs, Libraris de l’Académie de Médecine, 120, Boulevard Saint-Germain"
},
"expansion": "[…]",
"name": "nb..."
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *wisós\nFrom Middle English virulent (“leaking or seeping pus, purulent; (of putrefaction) extremely severe (sense uncertain)”) [and other forms], borrowed from Latin vīrulentus (“poisonous”), from vīrus (“poison; venom; slime, slimy liquid; stinking smell; nasty taste”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wisós (“poison; slime; fluidity”)) + -ulentus (suffix meaning ‘abounding in, full of’, forming adjectives).\nSense 4 (“of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis”) is derived from French virulent, which was first used in this sense by the French biologist François Jacob (1920–2013) and his co-authors in a 1953 article.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more virulent",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most virulent",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "virulent (comparative more virulent, superlative most virulent)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"vi‧ru‧lent"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "virulence"
},
{
"tags": [
"dated"
],
"word": "virulency"
},
{
"word": "virus"
},
{
"word": "pathogenic"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "harmless"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of animals, plants, or substances: extremely venomous or poisonous."
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"plants",
"plant#Noun"
],
[
"substance",
"substance"
],
[
"extremely",
"extremely"
],
[
"venomous",
"venomous"
],
[
"poisonous",
"poisonous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The politicians were virulent in their hatred of the president.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "c. 1515–1516, published 1568, John Skelton, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.",
"text": "More venemous and much more virulent / Then any poyſoned tode, or any ſerpent."
},
{
"ref": "1963, Margery Allingham, “The Well House”, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC, page 105:",
"text": "It was a casual sneer, obviously one of a long line. There was hatred behind it, but of a quiet, chronic type, nothing new or unduly virulent, and he was taken aback by the flicker of amazed incredulity that passed over the younger man's ravaged face.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"links": [
[
"hostile",
"hostile"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"intensely",
"intensely"
],
[
"acrimonious",
"acrimonious"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "benign"
},
{
"word": "nonvirulent"
}
],
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"disease",
"disease#Noun"
],
[
"causing",
"cause#Verb"
],
[
"agent",
"agent"
],
[
"malignant",
"malignant"
],
[
"host",
"host"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Microbiology"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"links": [
[
"microbiology",
"microbiology"
],
[
"pathogen",
"pathogen"
],
[
"replicating",
"replicate#Verb"
],
[
"host cell",
"host cell"
],
[
"immediately",
"immediately"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"lysis",
"lysis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(microbiology) Of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"microbiology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ɹ(j)ə-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-virulent.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-virulent.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "silno otroven",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "силно отровен"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "jehrewî"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely venomous or poisonous",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zloben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "злобен"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "vraždeben",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "враждебен"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nepřátelský"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "katkera"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "vihamielinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "ondskapsfull"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "giftig"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "bolestotvoren",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "болестотворен"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulentní"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nakažlivý"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulenta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tappava"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "tarttuva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "vahingollinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gadamdebi",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "გადამდები"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "sasiḳvdilo",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სასიკვდილო"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "seniani",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "სენიანი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "extrem ansteckend"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulens"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "zarazen",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразен"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "virulent"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zaraznyj",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"word": "заразный"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "malignant, able to cause damage to the host",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"word": "virulento"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "вирулѐнтно"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of a pathogen: replicating within its host cell, then immediately causing it to undergo lysis",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"neuter"
],
"word": "virulèntno"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"François Jacob"
],
"word": "virulent"
}
Download raw JSONL data for virulent meaning in English (12.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.