See vigour on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "envigorate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vigorous"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hybrid vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "hybrid vigour"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vim and vigour"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vigour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vigour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vigour"
},
"expansion": "Old French vigour",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vigor"
},
"expansion": "Latin vigor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be lively"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be lively”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vigour, from Old French vigour, from vigor, from Latin vigor, from vigeō (“thrive, flourish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be lively”).\nRelated to vigil, vegetable, vajra, and waker.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vigours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "vigour (countable and uncountable, plural vigours)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vegetable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "vigil"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, John Dryden (tr.), Metamorphoses By Ovid, Book the Twelfth:",
"text": "The vigour of this arm was never vain",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1953 April, “Arrears of Station Maintenance”, in Railway Magazine, page 217:",
"text": "Mr. Elliot's frank statement that \"sloth and untidiness are indefensible\" is a sign that the task will be tackled with vigour.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; energy."
],
"id": "en-vigour-en-noun-1kzvVL8X",
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"energy",
"energy"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "güc"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "şiddət"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "enerji"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "energija",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "енергия"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sila",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сила"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verva"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nasazení"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aktivita"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "síla"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "puhti"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ponsi"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "voima"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "force"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigueur"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒala",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ძალა"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "energia",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ენერგია"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxneoba",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "მხნეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "Ausdruckskraft"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "Energie"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "Leidenschaftlichkeit"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sfrígos",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σφρίγος"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigore"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ognums"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spars"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ngao"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kuvvet",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "قوت"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "derman",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "درمان"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "takat",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "طاقت"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine"
],
"word": "animusz"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigiel"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigoare"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitalitate"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "síla",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "си́ла"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "enérgija",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "эне́ргия"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "varcas",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "वर्चस्"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vivacidad"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vigör"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kraft"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "syla",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сила"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "enerhija",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "енергія"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "enerhijnistʹ",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "енергійність"
},
{
"_dis1": "67 15 19",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "snaha",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "снага"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
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],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A plant grows with vigour."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strength or force in animal or vegetable nature or action."
],
"id": "en-vigour-en-noun-bOlcSfKC",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) Strength or force in animal or vegetable nature or action."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sila",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сила"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "síla"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verva"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chuť do života"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitalita"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "elinvoimaisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "tarmokkuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigueur"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒala",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "ძალა"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "energia",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "ენერგია"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxneoba",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "მხნეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "putere"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forță"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "16 58 26",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lozanía"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "But in the fruithful earth: there first receiv'd / His beams, unactive else, their vigour find.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strength; efficacy; potency."
],
"id": "en-vigour-en-noun-NtVUi4Ti",
"links": [
[
"efficacy",
"efficacy"
],
[
"potency",
"potency"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "energičnost",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "енергичност"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "síla"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "tarmokkuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "vahvuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "force"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigueur"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "énergie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒala",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "ძალა"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "energia",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "ენერგია"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxneoba",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "მხნეობა"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forță"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigoare"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuerza"
},
{
"_dis1": "11 14 75",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energía"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vigour.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-vigour.ogg/En-us-vigour.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-vigour.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪɡə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vygour"
}
],
"word": "vigour"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "vigour oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "vigours",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vigours",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vigour",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "vigour oblique singular, m (oblique plural vigours, nominative singular vigours, nominative plural vigour)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "vigur"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of vigur"
],
"id": "en-vigour-fro-noun-6TJtzBCe",
"links": [
[
"vigur",
"vigur#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "vigour"
}
{
"categories": [
"British English forms",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weǵ-",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪɡə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪɡə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Chinese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Latgalian translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sanskrit translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "envigorate"
},
{
"word": "vigorous"
},
{
"word": "hybrid vigor"
},
{
"word": "hybrid vigour"
},
{
"word": "vim and vigour"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "vigour"
},
"expansion": "Middle English vigour",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "vigour"
},
"expansion": "Old French vigour",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vigor"
},
"expansion": "Latin vigor",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*weǵ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be lively"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be lively”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English vigour, from Old French vigour, from vigor, from Latin vigor, from vigeō (“thrive, flourish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be lively”).\nRelated to vigil, vegetable, vajra, and waker.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vigours",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "vigour (countable and uncountable, plural vigours)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "vegetable"
},
{
"word": "vigil"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1717, John Dryden (tr.), Metamorphoses By Ovid, Book the Twelfth:",
"text": "The vigour of this arm was never vain",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1953 April, “Arrears of Station Maintenance”, in Railway Magazine, page 217:",
"text": "Mr. Elliot's frank statement that \"sloth and untidiness are indefensible\" is a sign that the task will be tackled with vigour.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; energy."
],
"links": [
[
"strength",
"strength"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"mind",
"mind"
],
[
"exertion",
"exertion"
],
[
"energy",
"energy"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A plant grows with vigour."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strength or force in animal or vegetable nature or action."
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"vegetable",
"vegetable"
],
[
"nature",
"nature"
],
[
"action",
"action"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) Strength or force in animal or vegetable nature or action."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1667, John Milton, “(please specify the page number)”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:",
"text": "But in the fruithful earth: there first receiv'd / His beams, unactive else, their vigour find.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strength; efficacy; potency."
],
"links": [
[
"efficacy",
"efficacy"
],
[
"potency",
"potency"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɡə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈvɪɡɚ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-vigour.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/En-us-vigour.ogg/En-us-vigour.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/En-us-vigour.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪɡə(ɹ)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"US"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "vygour"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "güc"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "şiddət"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "enerji"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "energija",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "енергия"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sila",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сила"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verva"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "nasazení"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "aktivita"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "síla"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "puhti"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ponsi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "voima"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "force"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigueur"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒala",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ძალა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "energia",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ენერგია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxneoba",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "მხნეობა"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "Ausdruckskraft"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "Energie"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "Leidenschaftlichkeit"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sfrígos",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "σφρίγος"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigore"
},
{
"code": "ltg",
"lang": "Latgalian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ognums"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "spars"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "ngao"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kuvvet",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "قوت"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "derman",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "درمان"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "takat",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "طاقت"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine"
],
"word": "animusz"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"literary",
"masculine"
],
"word": "bigiel"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigoare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitalitate"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "síla",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "си́ла"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "enérgija",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "эне́ргия"
},
{
"code": "sa",
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"roman": "varcas",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "वर्चस्"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vivacidad"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "vigör"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kraft"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "syla",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сила"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "enerhija",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "енергія"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "enerhijnistʹ",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "енергійність"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "snaha",
"sense": "active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; force; energy",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "снага"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sila",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "сила"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "síla"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "verva"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "chuť do života"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vitalita"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "elinvoimaisuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "tarmokkuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigueur"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒala",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "ძალა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "energia",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "ენერგია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxneoba",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"word": "მხნეობა"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "putere"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forță"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "vigor"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength or force in animal or force in animal or vegetable nature or action; as, a plant grows with vigor",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "lozanía"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "energičnost",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "енергичност"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "síla"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "tarmokkuus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "vahvuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "force"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigueur"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "énergie"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ʒala",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "ძალა"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "energia",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "ენერგია"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "mxneoba",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"word": "მხნეობა"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "forță"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "vigoare"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energie"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuerza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "strength; efficacy; potency",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "energía"
}
],
"word": "vigour"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "vigour oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "vigours",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vigours",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vigour",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "vigour oblique singular, m (oblique plural vigours, nominative singular vigours, nominative plural vigour)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "vigur"
}
],
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of vigur"
],
"links": [
[
"vigur",
"vigur#Old_French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "vigour"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vigour meaning in All languages combined (20.3kB)
{
"called_from": "translations/324",
"msg": "possible sense number in translation item: Finnish: pontevuus (fi) (1), tarmo (fi) (1)",
"path": [
"vigour"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vigour",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vigour oblique singular or', originally 'vigour oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"vigour"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vigour",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'vigour oblique singular or', originally 'vigour oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"vigour"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vigour",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'vigour oblique singular or' in 'vigour oblique singular, m (oblique plural vigours, nominative singular vigours, nominative plural vigour)'",
"path": [
"vigour"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "vigour",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.