See thud on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for thud meaning in All languages combined (28.3kB)
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"sexuality",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "sting"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"sexuality",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "thump"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "thud and blunder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thudden",
"t": "to strike with a weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyddan",
"t": "to strike, press, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þuddijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þiudijaną",
"t": "to strike, thrust"
},
"expansion": "*þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þūhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þūhaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhaną",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "*þeuhaną (“to press”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tūk-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þoddettan",
"t": "to strike, push, batter"
},
"expansion": "Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þȳdan",
"t": "to strike, stab, thrust, press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēowan",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēowan (“to press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thundër",
"t": "a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment"
},
"expansion": "Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”), from Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną, *þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þūhaną, *þeuhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”), Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”), Old English þēowan (“to press”), Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thud (plural thuds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 3, in Moonfleet (fiction), London: Edward Arnold",
"text": "These were but the thoughts of a second, but the voices were nearer, and I heard a dull thud far up the passage, and knew that a man had jumped down from the churchyard into the hole.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian, London, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-05-27",
"text": "Ramos had locked Salah’s right arm and turned him, judo-style, as they lost balance going for the same ball. Television replays hardened the suspicion it was a calculated move on Ramos’s part and, when Salah landed with a hell of a thud, the damage was considerable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sound of a dull impact."
],
"id": "en-thud-en-noun-PiZvkUBs",
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull"
],
[
"impact",
"impact"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "priglušen zvuk ot padane",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "приглушен звук от падане"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "žuch"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "žuchnutí"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zadunění"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bouchnutí"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "bump"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "tömähdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jysähdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "mätkähdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jymähdys"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "martèlement"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bollern"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dumpfer Knall"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "doûpos",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δοῦπος"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dynkur"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tuairt"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trost"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tonfo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tap zvuk",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тап звук"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trésok",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тре́сок"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ngodongodona"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "دبق"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "لبق"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "debak"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "lebak"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ngahoa"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "takuru"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bomb"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bombe"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łup"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łubudu"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "tąpnięcie"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łomot"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baque"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bufnitură"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gluxój zvuk",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "глухо́й звук"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mukao zvuk"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "golpe sordo"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "duns"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "güm"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "pat"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 14 10",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ịch"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995 January 26, Mary Ann Swissler, “Fremont Man Recovering from Livermore Pass Attack”, in Bay Area Reporter, volume XXV, number 4, San Fransico, page 18",
"text": "Sinclair told the B.A.R. [Bay Area Reporter] he felt the thud of the pistol on his left cheek about a 100 feet from his car, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hard, dull impact."
],
"id": "en-thud-en-noun-cHTN8pNe",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "BDSM",
"orig": "en:BDSM",
"parents": [
"Sexuality",
"Human behaviour",
"Sex",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 68 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 78 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 55 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Jay J. Wiseman, SM 101: A Realistic Introduction, 2nd edition, San Francisco: Greenery Press, published 1996, page 181",
"text": "Pillowcase whippings offer the look and feel of a flagellatio scene’s atmosphere, mood, and psychology while involving only very mild amounts of pain. (A pillowcase is almost all “thud” and very little “sting” in the sensations it creates.)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Sophie Morgan, No Ordinary Love Story, London: Penguin Books, page 294",
"text": "It still wasn’t what I’d call painful but as he swung his arm and the strands of the flogger hit me together it felt like a solid thud rather than a number of different tails stinging me.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slower, dull impact with a wide surface area."
],
"id": "en-thud-en-noun-PQpBsPNZ",
"links": [
[
"BDSM",
"BDSM"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(BDSM) A slower, dull impact with a wide surface area."
],
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθʌd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg/En-us-thud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭd'"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thudden",
"t": "to strike with a weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyddan",
"t": "to strike, press, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þuddijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þiudijaną",
"t": "to strike, thrust"
},
"expansion": "*þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þūhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þūhaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhaną",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "*þeuhaną (“to press”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tūk-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þoddettan",
"t": "to strike, push, batter"
},
"expansion": "Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þȳdan",
"t": "to strike, stab, thrust, press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēowan",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēowan (“to press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thundër",
"t": "a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment"
},
"expansion": "Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”), from Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną, *þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þūhaną, *þeuhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”), Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”), Old English þēowan (“to press”), Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thudding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thudded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thud (third-person singular simple present thuds, present participle thudding, simple past and past participle thudded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 9 7 55",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "clang"
},
{
"word": "clash"
},
{
"word": "crash"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849, George Frederick Ruxton, Life in the Far West (non-fiction), New York: Harper & Brothers, page 183",
"text": "At the same instant two arrows thudded into the carcass of the deer over which he knelt, passing but a few inches from his head.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1874, Mrs George Cupples, “Mrs Glen and the Aberfoyle Orphanage”, in The Poetical Remains of William Glen, Edinburgh: William Paterson, page 47",
"text": "[…] while the tears streamed from his eyes, and his tail waved and thudded in perfect time on the sanded floor. But for the said thudding of the tail, I would have stopped, fancying the poor animal's nerves had been set on edge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make the sound of a dull impact."
],
"id": "en-thud-en-verb-oW5IT0u~",
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a dull sound, to make a dull sound",
"word": "flump"
},
{
"sense": "a dull sound, to make a dull sound",
"word": "plunk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "žuchnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "bouchnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadunět"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "tömähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jysähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "mätkähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jymähtää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "marteler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "bollern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "stampfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "dumpf knallen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "doupéō",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "δουπέω"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "hapuru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ngahoa"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "bombar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łomotać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "walić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "stąpać"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "darse un batacazo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "gümlemek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "güm etmek"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθʌd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg/En-us-thud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭd'"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rmf",
"2": "thund"
},
"expansion": "Kalo Finnish Romani: thund",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalo Finnish Romani: thund"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "sa",
"3": "दुग्ध",
"4": "",
"5": "milk",
"tr": "dugdhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá, “milk”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inc-pro",
"3": "*dugdʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *dugdʰás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dʰugdʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰugdʰás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰugʰ-tós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰewgʰ-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be productive"
},
"expansion": "*dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दूध",
"3": "",
"4": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Hindi दूध (dūdh, “milk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਦੁੱਧ",
"3": "",
"4": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ (duddha, “milk”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha), from Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá, “milk”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive”). Compare Hindi दूध (dūdh, “milk”) and Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ (duddha, “milk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuda",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "thuda",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thud m (nominative plural thuda)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "rom",
"name": "Food and drink",
"orig": "rom:Food and drink",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"milk"
],
"id": "en-thud-rom-noun-iCXnZTD4",
"links": [
[
"milk",
"milk"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tood"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps Onomatopoeic (compare etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thudis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Scots",
"tags": [
"Middle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "thuds or thudis",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thud (plural thuds or thudis)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thuds or thudis"
},
"expansion": "thud (plural thuds or thudis)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a blast or gust of wind",
"a whirling motion accompanied by a loud noise, like a gust of wind"
],
"id": "en-thud-sco-noun-Nm8Utb1S",
"links": [
[
"blast",
"blast"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"whirling",
"whirling"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1420, Androw of Wyntoun, The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland",
"text": "A sudane thud [R. thude] maid sic a frusch That all the wyndois at a brusche … Brak vp",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a blast or gust of wind",
"a loud report or crack"
],
"id": "en-thud-sco-noun-3GIdGz6d",
"links": [
[
"blast",
"blast"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"report",
"report"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a blow, thump"
],
"id": "en-thud-sco-noun-sv0UoHMX",
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"thump",
"thump"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Middle Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθu(ː)d]",
"note": "Late Middle Scots"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þudde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English þudde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps Onomatopoeic. Perhaps related to Middle English þudde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thudis",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thuding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudand",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "Scots",
"tags": [
"Middle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sco-conj-table-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thudis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "thud (ȝow)!",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thud (þow)!",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudyng (-ing)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "thudit",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "thudis",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "thuding or thudand",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "thudit",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thud (third-person singular simple present thudis, present participle thuding or thudand, simple past thudit, past participle thudit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thudis",
"2": "thuding or thudand",
"3": "thudit"
},
"expansion": "thud (third-person singular simple present thudis, present participle thuding or thudand, simple past thudit, past participle thudit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thud",
"2": "thud",
"3": "thud",
"pp": "thud",
"pt": "thud"
},
"name": "sco-conj-table-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 4 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Scots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 9 6 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 6 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1590, Burel, J. Pilgr., The Passage of the Pilgremer",
"text": "The borial blasts … Not caldly, bot baldlie, They thudit throw the treis",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come or pass with a gust of turbulence and accompanying dull noise"
],
"id": "en-thud-sco-verb-oh2P6NDV",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"turbulence",
"turbulence"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Middle Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθu(ː)d]",
"note": "Late Middle Scots"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "dud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "thud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tud"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tud"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Aspirate mutation of tud."
],
"id": "en-thud-cy-noun-sW-takP2",
"links": [
[
"tud",
"tud#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɨːd/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θiːd/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd/1 syllable",
"en:Sounds"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"sexuality",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "sting"
},
{
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"sexuality",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "thump"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "thud and blunder"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thudden",
"t": "to strike with a weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyddan",
"t": "to strike, press, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þuddijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þiudijaną",
"t": "to strike, thrust"
},
"expansion": "*þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þūhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þūhaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhaną",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "*þeuhaną (“to press”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tūk-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þoddettan",
"t": "to strike, push, batter"
},
"expansion": "Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þȳdan",
"t": "to strike, stab, thrust, press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēowan",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēowan (“to press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thundër",
"t": "a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment"
},
"expansion": "Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”), from Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną, *þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þūhaną, *þeuhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”), Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”), Old English þēowan (“to press”), Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thud (plural thuds)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1898, J. Meade Falkner, chapter 3, in Moonfleet (fiction), London: Edward Arnold",
"text": "These were but the thoughts of a second, but the voices were nearer, and I heard a dull thud far up the passage, and knew that a man had jumped down from the churchyard into the hole.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2018 May 26, Daniel Taylor, “Liverpool go through after Mohamed Salah stops Manchester City fightback”, in The Guardian, London, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2018-05-27",
"text": "Ramos had locked Salah’s right arm and turned him, judo-style, as they lost balance going for the same ball. Television replays hardened the suspicion it was a calculated move on Ramos’s part and, when Salah landed with a hell of a thud, the damage was considerable.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The sound of a dull impact."
],
"links": [
[
"dull",
"dull"
],
[
"impact",
"impact"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1995 January 26, Mary Ann Swissler, “Fremont Man Recovering from Livermore Pass Attack”, in Bay Area Reporter, volume XXV, number 4, San Fransico, page 18",
"text": "Sinclair told the B.A.R. [Bay Area Reporter] he felt the thud of the pistol on his left cheek about a 100 feet from his car, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A hard, dull impact."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:BDSM"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1992, Jay J. Wiseman, SM 101: A Realistic Introduction, 2nd edition, San Francisco: Greenery Press, published 1996, page 181",
"text": "Pillowcase whippings offer the look and feel of a flagellatio scene’s atmosphere, mood, and psychology while involving only very mild amounts of pain. (A pillowcase is almost all “thud” and very little “sting” in the sensations it creates.)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2013, Sophie Morgan, No Ordinary Love Story, London: Penguin Books, page 294",
"text": "It still wasn’t what I’d call painful but as he swung his arm and the strands of the flogger hit me together it felt like a solid thud rather than a number of different tails stinging me.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A slower, dull impact with a wide surface area."
],
"links": [
[
"BDSM",
"BDSM"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(BDSM) A slower, dull impact with a wide surface area."
],
"topics": [
"BDSM",
"lifestyle",
"sexuality"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθʌd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg/En-us-thud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭd'"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "priglušen zvuk ot padane",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "приглушен звук от падане"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "žuch"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "žuchnutí"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "zadunění"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "bouchnutí"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "bump"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "tömähdys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jysähdys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "mätkähdys"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jymähdys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "martèlement"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Bollern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dumpfer Knall"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "doûpos",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "δοῦπος"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dynkur"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tuairt"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trost"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tonfo"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "tap zvuk",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тап звук"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "trésok",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "тре́сок"
},
{
"code": "mg",
"lang": "Malagasy",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ngodongodona"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "دبق"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
],
"word": "لبق"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "debak"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"Rumi"
],
"word": "lebak"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ngahoa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "takuru"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bomb"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bombe"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łup"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łubudu"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "tąpnięcie"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łomot"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "baque"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "bufnitură"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gluxój zvuk",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "глухо́й звук"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mukao zvuk"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "golpe sordo"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "duns"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "güm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "pat"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ịch"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English onomatopoeias",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd",
"Rhymes:English/ʌd/1 syllable",
"en:Sounds"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "clang"
},
{
"word": "clash"
},
{
"word": "crash"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "thudden",
"t": "to strike with a weapon"
},
"expansion": "Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "þyddan",
"t": "to strike, press, thrust"
},
"expansion": "Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þuddijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þiudijaną",
"t": "to strike, thrust"
},
"expansion": "*þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þūhaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þūhaną",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þeuhaną",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "*þeuhaną (“to press”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tūk-",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þoddettan",
"t": "to strike, push, batter"
},
"expansion": "Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þȳdan",
"t": "to strike, stab, thrust, press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēowan",
"t": "to press"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēowan (“to press”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "thundër",
"t": "a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment"
},
"expansion": "Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English thudden (“to strike with a weapon”), from Old English þyddan (“to strike, press, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þuddijaną, *þiudijaną (“to strike, thrust”), from Proto-Germanic *þūhaną, *þeuhaną (“to press”), from Proto-Indo-European *tūk- (“to beat”). Cognate with Old English þoddettan (“to strike, push, batter”), Old English þȳdan (“to strike, stab, thrust, press”), Old English þēowan (“to press”), Albanian thundër (“a hoof, talon, a shaft\", figuratively, \"oppression, torment”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuds",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thudding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudded",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thudded",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "thud (third-person singular simple present thuds, present participle thudding, simple past and past participle thudded)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1849, George Frederick Ruxton, Life in the Far West (non-fiction), New York: Harper & Brothers, page 183",
"text": "At the same instant two arrows thudded into the carcass of the deer over which he knelt, passing but a few inches from his head.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1874, Mrs George Cupples, “Mrs Glen and the Aberfoyle Orphanage”, in The Poetical Remains of William Glen, Edinburgh: William Paterson, page 47",
"text": "[…] while the tears streamed from his eyes, and his tail waved and thudded in perfect time on the sanded floor. But for the said thudding of the tail, I would have stopped, fancying the poor animal's nerves had been set on edge.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make the sound of a dull impact."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈθʌd/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌd"
},
{
"audio": "en-us-thud.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg/En-us-thud.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/98/En-us-thud.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "thŭd'"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "a dull sound, to make a dull sound",
"word": "flump"
},
{
"sense": "a dull sound, to make a dull sound",
"word": "plunk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "žuchnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "bouchnout"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "zadunět"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "tömähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jysähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "mätkähtää"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "jymähtää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "marteler"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "bollern"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "stampfen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "dumpf knallen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "doupéō",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "δουπέω"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "hapuru"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "ngahoa"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "bombar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "łomotać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "walić"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "stąpać"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "darse un batacazo"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "gümlemek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to make the sound of a dull impact",
"word": "güm etmek"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rmf",
"2": "thund"
},
"expansion": "Kalo Finnish Romani: thund",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kalo Finnish Romani: thund"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "pra-sau",
"3": "𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "sa",
"3": "दुग्ध",
"4": "",
"5": "milk",
"tr": "dugdhá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá, “milk”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "inc-pro",
"3": "*dugdʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan *dugdʰás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "iir-pro",
"3": "*dʰugdʰás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰugdʰás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰugʰ-tós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰewgʰ-",
"3": "",
"4": "to be productive"
},
"expansion": "*dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "दूध",
"3": "",
"4": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Hindi दूध (dūdh, “milk”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pa",
"2": "ਦੁੱਧ",
"3": "",
"4": "milk"
},
"expansion": "Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ (duddha, “milk”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (duddha), from Sanskrit दुग्ध (dugdhá, “milk”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *dugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰugdʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós, from *dʰewgʰ- (“to be productive”). Compare Hindi दूध (dūdh, “milk”) and Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ (duddha, “milk”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuda",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rom",
"2": "noun",
"3": "nominative plural",
"4": "thuda",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "thud m (nominative plural thuda)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romani",
"lang_code": "rom",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romani 1-syllable words",
"Romani entries with incorrect language header",
"Romani lemmas",
"Romani masculine nouns",
"Romani nouns",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romani terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Romani terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Romani terms derived from Sauraseni Prakrit",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romani terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"Romani terms inherited from Sanskrit",
"Romani terms inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"rom:Food and drink"
],
"glosses": [
"milk"
],
"links": [
[
"milk",
"milk"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tood"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Scots",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots onomatopoeias",
"Scots terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Scots terms with unknown etymologies",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Perhaps Onomatopoeic (compare etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thuds",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "thudis",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Scots",
"tags": [
"Middle"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "thuds or thudis",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"cat3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thud (plural thuds or thudis)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thuds or thudis"
},
"expansion": "thud (plural thuds or thudis)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a blast or gust of wind",
"a whirling motion accompanied by a loud noise, like a gust of wind"
],
"links": [
[
"blast",
"blast"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"whirling",
"whirling"
],
[
"motion",
"motion"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Scots quotations",
"Scots terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1420, Androw of Wyntoun, The Orygynale Cronykil of Scotland",
"text": "A sudane thud [R. thude] maid sic a frusch That all the wyndois at a brusche … Brak vp",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a blast or gust of wind",
"a loud report or crack"
],
"links": [
[
"blast",
"blast"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"wind",
"wind"
],
[
"report",
"report"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a blow, thump"
],
"links": [
[
"blow",
"blow"
],
[
"thump",
"thump"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Middle Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθu(ː)d]",
"note": "Late Middle Scots"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Scots",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots onomatopoeias",
"Scots terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Scots verbs"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "þudde"
},
"expansion": "Middle English þudde",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps Onomatopoeic. Perhaps related to Middle English þudde.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "thudis",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thuding",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudand",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "Scots",
"tags": [
"Middle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sco-conj-table-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thudis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "thuded",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "thud (ȝow)!",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "thud (þow)!",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudyng (-ing)",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudand",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "thudande",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"10": "thudit",
"2": "verbs",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "thudis",
"5": "present participle",
"6": "thuding or thudand",
"7": "simple past",
"8": "thudit",
"9": "past participle",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "thud (third-person singular simple present thudis, present participle thuding or thudand, simple past thudit, past participle thudit)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thudis",
"2": "thuding or thudand",
"3": "thudit"
},
"expansion": "thud (third-person singular simple present thudis, present participle thuding or thudand, simple past thudit, past participle thudit)",
"name": "sco-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "thud",
"2": "thud",
"3": "thud",
"pp": "thud",
"pt": "thud"
},
"name": "sco-conj-table-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Requests for translations of Scots quotations",
"Scots terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "1590, Burel, J. Pilgr., The Passage of the Pilgremer",
"text": "The borial blasts … Not caldly, bot baldlie, They thudit throw the treis",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come or pass with a gust of turbulence and accompanying dull noise"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"pass",
"pass"
],
[
"gust",
"gust"
],
[
"turbulence",
"turbulence"
],
[
"noise",
"noise"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθuːd]",
"note": "Early Middle Scots"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈθu(ː)d]",
"note": "Late Middle Scots"
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "tud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "dud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nhud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "thud",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "thud",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tud"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh aspirate-mutation forms",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "tud"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Aspirate mutation of tud."
],
"links": [
[
"tud",
"tud#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/θɨːd/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/θiːd/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"word": "thud"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: tud, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"thud"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thud",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dud, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"thud"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thud",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nhud, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"thud"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "thud",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.