See sough on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for sough meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "boom"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "clang"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "peal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "roar"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "thunder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swough"
},
"expansion": "swough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swogh"
},
"expansion": "swogh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swoȝen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swoȝen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swowen"
},
"expansion": "swowen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swōgan",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar"
},
"expansion": "Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swōgan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swōgan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swōganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swōganą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)weh₂gʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vāgiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin vāgiō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "echo"
},
"expansion": "English echo",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "souch",
"3": "",
"4": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Scots souch (“sough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "súgur",
"3": "",
"4": "a rushing sound, rustle"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swei"
},
"expansion": "swei",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sweȝ"
},
"expansion": "sweȝ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swēg"
},
"expansion": "swēg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swoon"
},
"expansion": "swoon",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *sough, swough, swogh, from Middle English swoȝen, swowen, from Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōgan, from Proto-Germanic *swōganą from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-, same source as Latin vāgiō and likely English echo (via Ancient Greek). Cognate with Scots souch (“sough”), Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”). Noun replaced Middle English swei, sweȝ from Old English swēg. More at swoon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "soughing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (third-person singular simple present soughs, present participle soughing, simple past and past participle soughed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "make sound"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "babble"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "buzz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "drone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whirr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whistle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whizz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 6 9 22 2 19 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963, Sterling North, Rascal, Avon Books, page 101",
"text": "I lay awake for a while that evening, listening to the soughing of the wind high in the pines, realizing sadly that we must now return to civilization.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a soft rustling or murmuring sound."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-verb-sM8nyKl6",
"links": [
[
"rustling",
"rustling"
],
[
"murmuring",
"murmuring"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumolja",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "шумоля"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "havista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "kahista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "stormire"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "tihi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "tihitihi"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saʊ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sʌf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAF.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg/Sough_SAF.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAU.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg/Sough_SAU.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "breathe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "moan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "murmur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "rustle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "susurrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "swish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "swough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whisper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whoosh"
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "death-sough"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swough"
},
"expansion": "swough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swogh"
},
"expansion": "swogh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swoȝen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swoȝen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swowen"
},
"expansion": "swowen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swōgan",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar"
},
"expansion": "Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swōgan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swōgan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swōganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swōganą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)weh₂gʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vāgiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin vāgiō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "echo"
},
"expansion": "English echo",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "souch",
"3": "",
"4": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Scots souch (“sough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "súgur",
"3": "",
"4": "a rushing sound, rustle"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swei"
},
"expansion": "swei",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sweȝ"
},
"expansion": "sweȝ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swēg"
},
"expansion": "swēg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swoon"
},
"expansion": "swoon",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *sough, swough, swogh, from Middle English swoȝen, swowen, from Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōgan, from Proto-Germanic *swōganą from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-, same source as Latin vāgiō and likely English echo (via Ancient Greek). Cognate with Scots souch (“sough”), Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”). Noun replaced Middle English swei, sweȝ from Old English swēg. More at swoon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (plural soughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "swow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "susurrus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 8 6 9 22 2 19 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1829, John Carne, Stratton Hill: A Tale of the Civil Wars, volume 1, page 131",
"text": "[...] Arthur; a fearful night it was: there was a sough in the air, a sound drawing nigh like that of a host marching:- — but you're looking pale and forwrought, man; is any thing ailing ye?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1838, William Howitt, The Rural Life of England",
"text": "The whispering leaves or solemn sough of the forest.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, N. K. Jemisin, chapter 16, in The Fifth Season",
"text": "Syenite hears the distant sough of waves rolling against rocks, somewhere below the slope on which they lie.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A murmuring sound; rushing, rustling, or whistling sound."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-noun-ZegbCLDa",
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"rushing",
"rushing"
],
[
"rustling",
"rustling"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "85 0 0 0 15",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumolene",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шумолене"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 0 0 0 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "havina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 0 0 0 15",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "kahina"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 0 0 0 15",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "murmure"
},
{
"_dis1": "85 0 0 0 15",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šélest",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ше́лест"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 47 1 17 15 13 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A gentle breeze; a waft; a breath."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-noun-2F6SpXe9",
"links": [
[
"gentle",
"gentle"
],
[
"breeze",
"breeze"
],
[
"waft",
"waft"
],
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 85 1 6 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "briz",
"sense": "gentle breeze",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бриз"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 85 1 6 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gentle breeze",
"word": "tuulenhenkäys"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A (deep) sigh."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-noun-j6kSOg-X",
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 5 89 2 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlboka vǎzdiška",
"sense": "deep sigh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дълбока въздишка"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 5 89 2 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deep sigh",
"word": "syvä huokaus"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A vague rumour."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-noun-mHQRehZz",
"links": [
[
"rumour",
"rumour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) A vague rumour."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 8 6 9 22 2 19 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "en:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or praying."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-noun-nA2ydLEx",
"links": [
[
"cant",
"cant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or praying."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saʊ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sʌf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAF.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg/Sough_SAF.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAU.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg/Sough_SAU.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "seoch",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: seoch\n→ English: sheugh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: seoch\n→ English: sheugh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sheuch",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Scots sheuch (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sōh"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sōh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sīk",
"t": "watercourse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zoeg",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zoeg (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sitch"
},
"expansion": "English sitch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sough (whence also Scots sheuch (“ditch”)), from Old English *sōh, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”); compare dialectal Dutch zoeg (“ditch”), and English sitch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (plural soughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A small drain; an adit."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-noun-YSGbr8Jg",
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"adit",
"adit"
]
]
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "boom"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "clang"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "peal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "roar"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "thunder"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sheuch",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Scots sheuch (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sōh"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sōh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sīk",
"t": "watercourse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zoeg",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zoeg (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sitch"
},
"expansion": "English sitch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sough (whence also Scots sheuch (“ditch”)), from Old English *sōh, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”); compare dialectal Dutch zoeg (“ditch”), and English sitch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "soughing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (third-person singular simple present soughs, present participle soughing, simple past and past participle soughed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blow"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "make sound"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "babble"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "buzz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "drone"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whirr"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whistle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whizz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "soughing-tile"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To drain."
],
"id": "en-sough-en-verb-D5pIoJrr",
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "breathe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "moan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "murmur"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "rustle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "susurrate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "swish"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "swough"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whisper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whoosh"
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "boom"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "clang"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "peal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "roar"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "thunder"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Sounds"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swough"
},
"expansion": "swough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swogh"
},
"expansion": "swogh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swoȝen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swoȝen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swowen"
},
"expansion": "swowen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swōgan",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar"
},
"expansion": "Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swōgan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swōgan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swōganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swōganą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)weh₂gʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vāgiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin vāgiō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "echo"
},
"expansion": "English echo",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "souch",
"3": "",
"4": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Scots souch (“sough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "súgur",
"3": "",
"4": "a rushing sound, rustle"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swei"
},
"expansion": "swei",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sweȝ"
},
"expansion": "sweȝ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swēg"
},
"expansion": "swēg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swoon"
},
"expansion": "swoon",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *sough, swough, swogh, from Middle English swoȝen, swowen, from Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōgan, from Proto-Germanic *swōganą from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-, same source as Latin vāgiō and likely English echo (via Ancient Greek). Cognate with Scots souch (“sough”), Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”). Noun replaced Middle English swei, sweȝ from Old English swēg. More at swoon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "soughing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (third-person singular simple present soughs, present participle soughing, simple past and past participle soughed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blow"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "make sound"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "babble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "buzz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "drone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purr"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whine"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whirr"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whistle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whizz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1963, Sterling North, Rascal, Avon Books, page 101",
"text": "I lay awake for a while that evening, listening to the soughing of the wind high in the pines, realizing sadly that we must now return to civilization.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make a soft rustling or murmuring sound."
],
"links": [
[
"rustling",
"rustling"
],
[
"murmuring",
"murmuring"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saʊ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sʌf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAF.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg/Sough_SAF.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAU.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg/Sough_SAU.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "breathe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "moan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "murmur"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purl"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "rustle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sigh"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "susurrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "swish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "swough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whisper"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whoosh"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumolja",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "шумоля"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "havista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "kahista"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "stormire"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "tihi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make this sound",
"word": "tihitihi"
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ",
"Rhymes:English/aʊ/1 syllable",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf",
"Rhymes:English/ʌf/1 syllable",
"en:Sounds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "death-sough"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swough"
},
"expansion": "swough",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swogh"
},
"expansion": "swogh",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "swoȝen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English swoȝen",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swowen"
},
"expansion": "swowen",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "swōgan",
"4": "",
"5": "to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar"
},
"expansion": "Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swōgan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swōgan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swōganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swōganą",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)weh₂gʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vāgiō"
},
"expansion": "Latin vāgiō",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "echo"
},
"expansion": "English echo",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "souch",
"3": "",
"4": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Scots souch (“sough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "súgur",
"3": "",
"4": "a rushing sound, rustle"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swei"
},
"expansion": "swei",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sweȝ"
},
"expansion": "sweȝ",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "swēg"
},
"expansion": "swēg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "swoon"
},
"expansion": "swoon",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English *sough, swough, swogh, from Middle English swoȝen, swowen, from Old English swōgan (“to make a sound; move with noise; rush; roar”), from Proto-West Germanic *swōgan, from Proto-Germanic *swōganą from Proto-Indo-European *(s)weh₂gʰ-, same source as Latin vāgiō and likely English echo (via Ancient Greek). Cognate with Scots souch (“sough”), Icelandic súgur (“a rushing sound, rustle”). Noun replaced Middle English swei, sweȝ from Old English swēg. More at swoon.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (plural soughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "swow"
},
{
"word": "susurrus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1829, John Carne, Stratton Hill: A Tale of the Civil Wars, volume 1, page 131",
"text": "[...] Arthur; a fearful night it was: there was a sough in the air, a sound drawing nigh like that of a host marching:- — but you're looking pale and forwrought, man; is any thing ailing ye?",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1838, William Howitt, The Rural Life of England",
"text": "The whispering leaves or solemn sough of the forest.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2015, N. K. Jemisin, chapter 16, in The Fifth Season",
"text": "Syenite hears the distant sough of waves rolling against rocks, somewhere below the slope on which they lie.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A murmuring sound; rushing, rustling, or whistling sound."
],
"links": [
[
"sound",
"sound"
],
[
"rushing",
"rushing"
],
[
"rustling",
"rustling"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A gentle breeze; a waft; a breath."
],
"links": [
[
"gentle",
"gentle"
],
[
"breeze",
"breeze"
],
[
"waft",
"waft"
],
[
"breath",
"breath"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A (deep) sigh."
],
"links": [
[
"sigh",
"sigh"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A vague rumour."
],
"links": [
[
"rumour",
"rumour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) A vague rumour."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"Scottish English"
],
"glosses": [
"A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or praying."
],
"links": [
[
"cant",
"cant"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Scotland, obsolete) A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or praying."
],
"tags": [
"Scotland",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/saʊ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/sʌf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊ"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʌf"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAF.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg/Sough_SAF.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Sough_SAF.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
},
{
"audio": "Sough SAU.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg/Sough_SAU.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Sough_SAU.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "šumolene",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "шумолене"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "havina"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "sound",
"word": "kahina"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "murmure"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "šélest",
"sense": "sound",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ше́лест"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "briz",
"sense": "gentle breeze",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "бриз"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "gentle breeze",
"word": "tuulenhenkäys"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "dǎlboka vǎzdiška",
"sense": "deep sigh",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дълбока въздишка"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "deep sigh",
"word": "syvä huokaus"
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English verbs",
"en:Sounds"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "seoch",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Irish: seoch\n→ English: sheugh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Irish: seoch\n→ English: sheugh"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sheuch",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Scots sheuch (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sōh"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sōh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sīk",
"t": "watercourse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zoeg",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zoeg (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sitch"
},
"expansion": "English sitch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sough (whence also Scots sheuch (“ditch”)), from Old English *sōh, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”); compare dialectal Dutch zoeg (“ditch”), and English sitch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (plural soughs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A small drain; an adit."
],
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
],
[
"adit",
"adit"
]
]
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blare"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "boom"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "clang"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "peal"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "roar"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "thunder"
}
],
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English verbs",
"en:Sounds"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "soughing-tile"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "sough"
},
"expansion": "Middle English sough",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sheuch",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Scots sheuch (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*sōh"
},
"expansion": "Old English *sōh",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*sīk",
"t": "watercourse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zoeg",
"3": "",
"4": "ditch"
},
"expansion": "Dutch zoeg (“ditch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sitch"
},
"expansion": "English sitch",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English sough (whence also Scots sheuch (“ditch”)), from Old English *sōh, ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sīk (“watercourse”); compare dialectal Dutch zoeg (“ditch”), and English sitch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "soughs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "soughing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "soughed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "sough (third-person singular simple present soughs, present participle soughing, simple past and past participle soughed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "blow"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "make sound"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "babble"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "buzz"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "drone"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purr"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whine"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whirr"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whistle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whizz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"To drain."
],
"links": [
[
"drain",
"drain"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "breathe"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "moan"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "murmur"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "purl"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "rustle"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sigh"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "susurrate"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "sough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "swish"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "swough"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whisper"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:sough",
"word": "whoosh"
}
],
"word": "sough"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.