See shiver on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ashiver"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shiverer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shiver my sides"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shiver my soul"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shivering owl"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shiver my timbers"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shivering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (third-person singular simple present shivers, present participle shivering, simple past and past participle shivered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 23 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 32 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 31 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 14 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 26 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They stood outside for hours, shivering in the frosty air.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1693, Thomas Creech, The thirteenth Satire of Juvenal:",
"text": "The man that shivered on the brink of sin, / Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “CHAPTER XVIII”, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Mr. Mason, shivering as some one chanced to open the door, asked for more coal to be put on the fire, which had burnt out its flame, though its mass of cinder still shone hot and red. The footman who brought the coal, in going out, stopped near Mr. Eshton's chair, and said something to him in a low voice, of which I heard only the words, \"old woman,\"—\"quite troublesome.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "He was shivering a little, for he had always been used to sleeping in a proper bed, and by this time his coat had worn so thin and threadbare from hugging that it was no longer any protection to him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:",
"text": "Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To tremble or shake, especially when cold or frightened."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-verb-0MQhNMI8",
"links": [
[
"tremble",
"tremble"
],
[
"shake",
"shake"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "sidder"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "fërgëlloj"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "treperja",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "треперя"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esgarrifança"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calfred"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cic",
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "yollichi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōsuo",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "哆嗦"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "顫抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chàndǒu or zhàndǒu",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "颤抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "發抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fādǒu",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "发抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "顫慄"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhànlì",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "颤栗"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "震顫"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènchàn",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "震颤"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "skælve"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "rillen"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "bibberen"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "huiveren"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "frostotremi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hytistä"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "väristä"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "frissonner"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "bracuñar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "aterecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "entanguecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremelicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "estremecer"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "obrexar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "bavuriar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "calicar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "arresir"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "abubiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "zittern"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "reiran",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rigó",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "ριγώ"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "tourtourízo",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "τουρτουρίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhigóō",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "ῥιγόω"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "with cold",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "didereg"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "with fear",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "reszket"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "skjálfa"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "värissä"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "rabbrividire"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremare"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"alt": "ふるえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furueru",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "震える"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "lerzîn",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "لەرزین"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "horreo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremo"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "turiwātaitai"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "turiwātautau"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "with cold",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hāwiniwini"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "kūnāwiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hurapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tuawiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "harawiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hūnonoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tūhauwiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "harawiniwini"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "korohāwini"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "with cold",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hunōnoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "agzajx",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "агзайх"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "frémi"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "skjelve"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremolar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "estrementir"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "larzidan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "لرزیدن"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "drżeć"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tiritar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremer"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremura"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drožátʹ",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "дрожа́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trjastísʹ",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "трясти́сь"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tiritar"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "temblar de frío"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "darra"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "huttra"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "naṭuṅku",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "நடுங்கு"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tremtity",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "тремтіти"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "run"
},
{
"_dis1": "75 25",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tsitern",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "ציטערן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 26 23 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 17 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chickasaw translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 27 19 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 27 15 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 20 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 21 21 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gothic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 14 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 32 23 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 27 17 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ingrian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 31 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 17 18 51",
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"name": "Terms with Norman translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 26 20 32",
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"name": "Terms with Occitan translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
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"name": "Terms with Old French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 22 40",
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"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 20 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 14 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 26 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 21 15 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-verb-XCucPFX~",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, transitive) To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"frequentive",
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "shiver my timbers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "send shivers down someone's spine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "send a shiver down someone's spine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "shiver me timbers"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (plural shivers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "frisson"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 26 23 31",
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"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
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{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
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"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
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{
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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{
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "22 33 14 31",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "18 32 23 27",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 31 18 30",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
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"name": "Terms with Old French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
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"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "24 29 14 33",
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"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 25 26 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A shiver went up my spine.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "But they had already discovered that he could be bullied, and they had it their own way; and presently Selwyn lay prone upon the nursery floor, impersonating a ladrone while pleasant shivers chased themselves over Drina, whom he was stalking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of shivering."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-yuHuqKjL",
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "treperene",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "треперене"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calfred"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōsuo",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "哆嗦"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "顫抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chàndǒu or zhàndǒu",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "颤抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "發抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fādǒu",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "发抖"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "顫慄"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhànlì",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "颤栗"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "震顫"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènchàn",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "震颤"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "třes"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "třas"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "třesení"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "rilling"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "tremo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "hytinä"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "värinä"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "väristys"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frisson"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrepío"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arreguizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fervón"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zittern"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "väry"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brivido"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tremore"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"alt": "ふるえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furue",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "震え"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "dırıl",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "діріл"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tremor"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "tūhauwiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "friçon"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "larz",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "لرز"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "drżenie"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tremedeira"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tremura"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drožʹ",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дрожь"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drožánije",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дрожа́ние"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escalofrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calofrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estremecimiento"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "estremezón"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "espeluzno"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "repeluzno"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"All topics",
"Body",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Albanian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 26 23 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 38 16 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
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"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 33 14 31",
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"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 32 23 27",
"kind": "other",
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},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Kazakh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Latin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 31 18 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 34 22 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mongolian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 28 14 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Old French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 25 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 28 16 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 29 14 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 26 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Tamil translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 24 26 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A bodily response to early hypothermia.ᵂᵖ"
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-9QdqJRZQ",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A bodily response to early hypothermia.ᵂᵖ"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎpki",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тръпки"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calfred"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frisson"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrepío"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arreguizo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fervón"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "kylmänväry"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "hurapa"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "tuawiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "harawiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "hūnonoi"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "tūhauwiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "tūngāwiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "harawiniwini"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "hāwiniwini"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "kūnāwiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "korohāwini"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "larz",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "لرز"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrio"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escalofrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calofrío"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiritón"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"frequentive",
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scivaro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scivaro",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (plural shivers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A fragment or splinter, especially of glass or stone."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-mocQeycB",
"links": [
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"splinter",
"splinter"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "46 17 6 7 2 22",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otlomka",
"sense": "a stony or glassy fragment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отломка"
},
{
"_dis1": "46 17 6 7 2 22",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a stony or glassy fragment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scheggia"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 4 5 46 7 3 1 15 1 1 3 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 5 38 7 4 3 9 3 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 4 52 7 2 2 9 2 2 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 3 55 7 2 2 6 2 2 4 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 4 5 37 5 3 4 21 4 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 5 37 6 3 3 12 3 7 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "a shiver of their own loaf",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thin slice; a shive."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-jRWqgZPX",
"links": [
[
"shive",
"shive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, UK, dialect) A thin slice; a shive."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A variety of blue slate."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-HY0R8UWb",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"blue",
"blue"
],
[
"slate",
"slate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A variety of blue slate."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Nautical",
"orig": "en:Nautical",
"parents": [
"Transport",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sheave or small wheel in a pulley."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-sb3Gs-rH",
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"sheave",
"sheave"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"pulley",
"pulley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A sheave or small wheel in a pulley."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-oYwVJX9t",
"links": [
[
"wedge",
"wedge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A spindle."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-t856wjJW",
"links": [
[
"spindle",
"spindle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, UK, dialect) A spindle."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
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"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scivaro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scivaro",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shivering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (third-person singular simple present shivers, present participle shivering, simple past and past participle shivered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “The First Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 1, lines 1–4:",
"text": "The man, O Muse, inform, that many a way / Wound with his wisdom to his wished stay; / That wandered wondrous far, when he the town / Of sacred Troy had sack'd and shivered down; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 24”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:",
"text": "But if, in the face of all this, you still declare that whaling has no aesthetically noble associations connected with it, then am I ready to shiver fifty lances with you there, and unhorse you with a split helmet every time.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Six Napoleons, Norton, published 2005, page 1034:",
"text": "he found a plaster bust of Napoleon, which stood with several other works of art upon the counter, lying shivered into fragments.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 183:",
"text": "A whole series of fault lines radiated away from this Lisbon earthquake, all of them shivering the structures of traditional order.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To break into splinters or fragments."
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-verb-wUMrECvH",
"links": [
[
"splinter",
"splinter"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (plural shivers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Collective noun for a group of sharks"
],
"id": "en-shiver-en-noun-Sm~bJQiC"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chickasaw translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ashiver"
},
{
"word": "shiverer"
},
{
"word": "shiver my sides"
},
{
"word": "shiver my soul"
},
{
"word": "shiver my timbers"
},
{
"word": "shivering owl"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shivering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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],
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
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"English terms with usage examples",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "They stood outside for hours, shivering in the frosty air.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1693, Thomas Creech, The thirteenth Satire of Juvenal:",
"text": "The man that shivered on the brink of sin, / Thus steeled and hardened, ventures boldly in.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1847 October 16, Currer Bell [pseudonym; Charlotte Brontë], “CHAPTER XVIII”, in Jane Eyre. An Autobiography. […], volume (please specify |volume=I to III), London: Smith, Elder, and Co., […], →OCLC:",
"text": "Mr. Mason, shivering as some one chanced to open the door, asked for more coal to be put on the fire, which had burnt out its flame, though its mass of cinder still shone hot and red. The footman who brought the coal, in going out, stopped near Mr. Eshton's chair, and said something to him in a low voice, of which I heard only the words, \"old woman,\"—\"quite troublesome.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1921 June, Margery Williams, “The Velveteen Rabbit: Or How Toys Become Real”, in Harper’s Bazar, volume LVI, number 6 (2504 overall), New York, N.Y.: International Magazine Company, →ISSN, →OCLC:",
"text": "He was shivering a little, for he had always been used to sleeping in a proper bed, and by this time his coat had worn so thin and threadbare from hugging that it was no longer any protection to him.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:",
"text": "Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To tremble or shake, especially when cold or frightened."
],
"links": [
[
"tremble",
"tremble"
],
[
"shake",
"shake"
],
[
"cold",
"cold"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs",
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical, transitive) To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "sidder"
},
{
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "fërgëlloj"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "treperja",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "треперя"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "esgarrifança"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calfred"
},
{
"code": "cic",
"lang": "Chickasaw",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "yollichi"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōsuo",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "哆嗦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "顫抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chàndǒu or zhàndǒu",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "颤抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "發抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fādǒu",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "发抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "顫慄"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhànlì",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "颤栗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "震顫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènchàn",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "震颤"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "skælve"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "rillen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "bibberen"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "huiveren"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "frostotremi"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremi"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hytistä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "väristä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "frissonner"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "bracuñar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "aterecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "entanguecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremelicar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "estremecer"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "obrexar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "bavuriar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "calicar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "arresir"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "abubiar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "zittern"
},
{
"code": "got",
"lang": "Gothic",
"roman": "reiran",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "rigó",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "ριγώ"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "tourtourízo",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "τουρτουρίζω"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "rhigóō",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "ῥιγόω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "with cold",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "didereg"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"note": "with fear",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "reszket"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "skjálfa"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "värissä"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "rabbrividire"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremare"
},
{
"alt": "ふるえる",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furueru",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "震える"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "lerzîn",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "لەرزین"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "horreo"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "turiwātaitai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "turiwātautau"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "with cold",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hāwiniwini"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "kūnāwiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hurapa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tuawiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "harawiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hūnonoi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tūhauwiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "harawiniwini"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "kūnāwiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "korohāwini"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"note": "with cold",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "hunōnoi"
},
{
"code": "mn",
"lang": "Mongolian",
"roman": "agzajx",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "агзайх"
},
{
"code": "nrf",
"lang": "Norman",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "frémi"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "skjelve"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremolar"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "estrementir"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "larzidan",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "لرزیدن"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "drżeć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tiritar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremer"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tremura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drožátʹ",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "дрожа́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "trjastísʹ",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "трясти́сь"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "tiritar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "temblar de frío"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "darra"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "huttra"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "naṭuṅku",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "நடுங்கு"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "tremtity",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "тремтіти"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "run"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "tsitern",
"sense": "to tremble or shake",
"word": "ציטערן"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"frequentive",
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chickasaw translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Gothic translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ingrian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Latin translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Mongolian translations",
"Terms with Norman translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Occitan translations",
"Terms with Old French translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tamil translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "send shivers down someone's spine"
},
{
"word": "send a shiver down someone's spine"
},
{
"word": "shiver my timbers"
},
{
"word": "shiver me timbers"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain, perhaps an alteration of chavel, or a frequentive of sheaf.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (plural shivers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "frisson"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "A shiver went up my spine.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1907 August, Robert W[illiam] Chambers, chapter I, in The Younger Set, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC:",
"text": "But they had already discovered that he could be bullied, and they had it their own way; and presently Selwyn lay prone upon the nursery floor, impersonating a ladrone while pleasant shivers chased themselves over Drina, whom he was stalking.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The act of shivering."
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"A bodily response to early hypothermia.ᵂᵖ"
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A bodily response to early hypothermia.ᵂᵖ"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "treperene",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "треперене"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calfred"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "duōsuo",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "哆嗦"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "顫抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chàndǒu or zhàndǒu",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "颤抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "發抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fādǒu",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "发抖"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "顫慄"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhànlì",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "颤栗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "震顫"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhènchàn",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "震颤"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "třes"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "třas"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "třesení"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "rilling"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "tremo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "hytinä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "värinä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "väristys"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frisson"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrío"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrepío"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arreguizo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fervón"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Zittern"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "väry"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "brivido"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tremore"
},
{
"alt": "ふるえ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "furue",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "震え"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "dırıl",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "діріл"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tremor"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "tūhauwiri"
},
{
"code": "fro",
"lang": "Old French",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "friçon"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "larz",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"word": "لرز"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "drżenie"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrio"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tremedeira"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "tremura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drožʹ",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "дрожь"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "drožánije",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "дрожа́ние"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escalofrío"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calofrío"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "estremecimiento"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"Latin-America",
"masculine"
],
"word": "estremezón"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"masculine"
],
"word": "espeluzno"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "the act or result of shivering",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "repeluzno"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "trǎpki",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
],
"word": "тръпки"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calfred"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "frisson"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrío"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrepío"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arreguizo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fervón"
},
{
"code": "izh",
"lang": "Ingrian",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "kylmänväry"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "hurapa"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "tuawiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "harawiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "hūnonoi"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "tūhauwiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "tūngāwiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "harawiniwini"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "hāwiniwini"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "kūnāwiri"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "korohāwini"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "larz",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"word": "لرز"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calafrio"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "escalofrío"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "calofrío"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "a bodily response to cold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "tiritón"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"frequentive",
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scivaro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scivaro",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (plural shivers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A fragment or splinter, especially of glass or stone."
],
"links": [
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
],
[
"splinter",
"splinter"
],
[
"glass",
"glass"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1655, Thomas Fuller, The Church-history of Britain; […], London: […] Iohn Williams […], →OCLC, (please specify |book=I to XI):",
"text": "a shiver of their own loaf",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A thin slice; a shive."
],
"links": [
[
"shive",
"shive"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, UK, dialect) A thin slice; a shive."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"A variety of blue slate."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"blue",
"blue"
],
[
"slate",
"slate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A variety of blue slate."
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Nautical"
],
"glosses": [
"A sheave or small wheel in a pulley."
],
"links": [
[
"nautical",
"nautical"
],
[
"sheave",
"sheave"
],
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"pulley",
"pulley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nautical) A sheave or small wheel in a pulley."
],
"topics": [
"nautical",
"transport"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A small wedge, as for fastening the bolt of a window shutter."
],
"links": [
[
"wedge",
"wedge"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A spindle."
],
"links": [
[
"spindle",
"spindle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, UK, dialect) A spindle."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"dialectal",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "otlomka",
"sense": "a stony or glassy fragment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "отломка"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "a stony or glassy fragment",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "scheggia"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scivaro"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scivaro",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a Germanic word, probably present in Old English though unattested, cognate with Old High German scivaro (German Schiefer (“slate”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "shivering",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "shivered",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (third-person singular simple present shivers, present participle shivering, simple past and past participle shivered)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1614–1615, Homer, “The First Book of Homer’s Odysseys”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., Homer’s Odysses. […], London: […] Rich[ard] Field [and William Jaggard], for Nathaniell Butter, published 1615, →OCLC; republished in The Odysseys of Homer, […], volume I, London: John Russell Smith, […], 1857, →OCLC, page 1, lines 1–4:",
"text": "The man, O Muse, inform, that many a way / Wound with his wisdom to his wished stay; / That wandered wondrous far, when he the town / Of sacred Troy had sack'd and shivered down; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “chapter 24”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, →OCLC:",
"text": "But if, in the face of all this, you still declare that whaling has no aesthetically noble associations connected with it, then am I ready to shiver fifty lances with you there, and unhorse you with a split helmet every time.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1904, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Six Napoleons, Norton, published 2005, page 1034:",
"text": "he found a plaster bust of Napoleon, which stood with several other works of art upon the counter, lying shivered into fragments.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Christopher Hitchens, Hitch-22, Atlantic, published 2011, page 183:",
"text": "A whole series of fault lines radiated away from this Lisbon earthquake, all of them shivering the structures of traditional order.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To break into splinters or fragments."
],
"links": [
[
"splinter",
"splinter"
],
[
"fragment",
"fragment"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)",
"Rhymes:English/ɪvə(ɹ)/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Origin uncertain",
"forms": [
{
"form": "shivers",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "shiver (plural shivers)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"shi‧ver"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Collective noun for a group of sharks"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvɚ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈʃɪvə/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-shiver.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg/En-us-shiver.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/En-us-shiver.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪvə(ɹ)"
},
{
"homophone": "shiva (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"shiver (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "shiver"
}
Download raw JSONL data for shiver meaning in All languages combined (32.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.