See ruffian on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
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"expansion": "Middle French rufian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": "",
"5": "pimp"
},
"expansion": "Italian ruffiano (“pimp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 145, column 1:",
"text": "What wilt thou on thy death-bed play the Ruffian?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1894, George du Maurier, “Part Fifth: Little Billee: An Interlude”, in Trilby: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 259:",
"text": "It was at Count Siloszech's. He'd heard her sing in the streets, with a tall, black-bearded ruffian, who accompanied her on a guitar, and a little fiddling gypsy fellow. She was a handsome woman, with hair down to her knees, but stupid as an owl.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person."
],
"id": "en-ruffian-en-noun-2PGPnNX3",
"links": [
[
"scoundrel",
"scoundrel"
],
[
"rascal",
"rascal"
],
[
"unprincipled",
"unprincipled"
],
[
"deceitful",
"deceitful"
],
[
"brutal",
"brutal"
],
[
"unreliable",
"unreliable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rogue"
},
{
"word": "scamp"
},
{
"word": "troublemaker"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grubijan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грубиян"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "huligan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулиган"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pǐzi",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "痞子"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schelm"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schurk"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "räyhääjä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "öykkäri"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "rettelöijä"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "rufian"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "voyou"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "brute"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagaxeiro"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandito"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrufado"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrufainado"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gallofo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "francante"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moinante"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Raubein"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kakoúrgos",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κακούργος"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruifíneach"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bithiúnach"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "facinoroso"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "neak leeŋ kap cak",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "អ្នកលេងកាប់ចាក់"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grubijan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грубијан"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "bølle"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ruchull"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artysta"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "artystka"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufião"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "negodjáj",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негодя́й"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xuligán",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buján",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буя́н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "грубѝја̄н"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "силѐџија"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grubìjān"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "silèdžija"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufián"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skurk"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rackare"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "slyngel"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lymmel"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 5 5",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "khuligan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "כוליגאַן"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A pimp; a pander."
],
"id": "en-ruffian-en-noun-H6VA79zY",
"links": [
[
"pimp",
"pimp"
],
[
"pander",
"pander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A pimp; a pander."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pimp"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1621, John Reynolds, The Triumphs of God's Revenge against the crying and execrable Sinne of Murther:",
"text": "He [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, revelling with her ruffians.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lover; a paramour."
],
"id": "en-ruffian-en-noun-epKbwFNd",
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"paramour",
"paramour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A lover; a paramour."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfi.ən/"
},
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"expansion": "Italian ruffiano (“pimp”)",
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}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffians",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffianing",
"tags": [
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"present"
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},
{
"form": "ruffianed",
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},
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],
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{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "Methinks the wind does speak aloud at land; A fuller blast ne'er shook our battlements. If it hath ruffianed so upon the sea.",
"type": "quote"
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],
"glosses": [
"To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult."
],
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"expansion": "Italian ruffiano (“pimp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more ruffian",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ruffian",
"tags": [
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]
}
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{
"text": "ruffian rage",
"type": "example"
}
],
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"Brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous."
],
"id": "en-ruffian-en-adj-RL6KCxQv"
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}
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1943, Jean Ray, Malpertuis, published 1978, page 8:",
"text": "Il n’y a que la fortune pour faire d’un ruffian un honnête homme, soumis aux lois humaines.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of rufian"
],
"id": "en-ruffian-fr-noun-wtCaWsRM",
"links": [
[
"rufian",
"rufian#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.fjɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruffian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "rufian"
},
"expansion": "Middle French rufian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": "",
"5": "pimp"
},
"expansion": "Italian ruffiano (“pimp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffian (plural ruffians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ruf‧fi‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Second Part of Henry the Sixt, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies. […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i], page 145, column 1:",
"text": "What wilt thou on thy death-bed play the Ruffian?",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1894, George du Maurier, “Part Fifth: Little Billee: An Interlude”, in Trilby: A Novel, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, →OCLC, page 259:",
"text": "It was at Count Siloszech's. He'd heard her sing in the streets, with a tall, black-bearded ruffian, who accompanied her on a guitar, and a little fiddling gypsy fellow. She was a handsome woman, with hair down to her knees, but stupid as an owl.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person."
],
"links": [
[
"scoundrel",
"scoundrel"
],
[
"rascal",
"rascal"
],
[
"unprincipled",
"unprincipled"
],
[
"deceitful",
"deceitful"
],
[
"brutal",
"brutal"
],
[
"unreliable",
"unreliable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "rogue"
},
{
"word": "scamp"
},
{
"word": "troublemaker"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A pimp; a pander."
],
"links": [
[
"pimp",
"pimp"
],
[
"pander",
"pander"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A pimp; a pander."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pimp"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1621, John Reynolds, The Triumphs of God's Revenge against the crying and execrable Sinne of Murther:",
"text": "He [her husband] is no sooner abroad than she is instantly at home, revelling with her ruffians.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A lover; a paramour."
],
"links": [
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"paramour",
"paramour"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A lover; a paramour."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfi.ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "grubijan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грубиян"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "huligan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулиган"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "pǐzi",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "痞子"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schelm"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "schurk"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "räyhääjä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "öykkäri"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "rettelöijä"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "rufian"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "voyou"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "brute"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bagaxeiro"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "mandito"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrufado"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "arrufainado"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gallofo"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "francante"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "moinante"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Raubein"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "kakoúrgos",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "κακούργος"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ruifíneach"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bithiúnach"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "facinoroso"
},
{
"code": "km",
"lang": "Khmer",
"roman": "neak leeŋ kap cak",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "អ្នកលេងកាប់ចាក់"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "grubijan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "грубијан"
},
{
"code": "no",
"lang": "Norwegian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"word": "bølle"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ruchull"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "artysta"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "artystka"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufião"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "negodjáj",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "негодя́й"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "xuligán",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "хулига́н"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "buján",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "буя́н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "грубѝја̄н"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "силѐџија"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "grubìjān"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "silèdžija"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "rufián"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "skurk"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "rackare"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "slyngel"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "lymmel"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "khuligan",
"sense": "scoundrel, rascal",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "כוליגאַן"
}
],
"word": "ruffian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "rufian"
},
"expansion": "Middle French rufian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": "",
"5": "pimp"
},
"expansion": "Italian ruffiano (“pimp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffians",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffianing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffianed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ruffianed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffian (third-person singular simple present ruffians, present participle ruffianing, simple past and past participle ruffianed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ruf‧fi‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene i]:",
"text": "Methinks the wind does speak aloud at land; A fuller blast ne'er shook our battlements. If it hath ruffianed so upon the sea.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To play the ruffian; to rage; to raise tumult."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfi.ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruffian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Italian",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Khmer translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "rufian"
},
"expansion": "Middle French rufian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": "",
"5": "pimp"
},
"expansion": "Italian ruffiano (“pimp”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle French rufian, from Italian ruffiano (“pimp”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more ruffian",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most ruffian",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "ruffian (comparative more ruffian, superlative most ruffian)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ruf‧fi‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ruffian rage",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Brutal; cruel; savagely boisterous; murderous."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɹʌfi.ən/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2f/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ruffian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruffian"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "ruffians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "ruffian m (plural ruffians)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "rufian"
}
],
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Requests for translations of French quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1943, Jean Ray, Malpertuis, published 1978, page 8:",
"text": "Il n’y a que la fortune pour faire d’un ruffian un honnête homme, soumis aux lois humaines.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of rufian"
],
"links": [
[
"rufian",
"rufian#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.fjɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6f/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-ruffian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "ruffian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruffian meaning in All languages combined (15.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.