See rufian on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hruf",
"4": "hrŭf",
"5": "eschar, crust"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrufla",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruffle"
},
"expansion": "English ruffle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano, roffia (“dirt”), from Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”). Cognate with Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”), English ruffle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "rufian m (plural rufians)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruffian (scoundrel, rascal)"
],
"id": "en-rufian-fr-noun-Osls~zN2",
"links": [
[
"ruffian",
"ruffian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pimp",
"word": "maquereau"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.fjɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "rufian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hruf",
"4": "hrŭf",
"5": "eschar, crust"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrufla",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruffle"
},
"expansion": "English ruffle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano, roffia (“dirt”), from Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”). Cognate with Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”), English ruffle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "rufian m (plural rufians)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Italian",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Old High German",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"ruffian (scoundrel, rascal)"
],
"links": [
[
"ruffian",
"ruffian"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.fjɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.ogg"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pimp",
"word": "maquereau"
}
],
"word": "rufian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rufian meaning in All languages combined (1.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.