See rufian in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for rufian meaning in French (2.1kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Italian ruffiano",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "roffia",
"3": "",
"4": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "roffia (“dirt”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hruf",
"4": "hrŭf",
"5": "eschar, crust"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrufla",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruffle"
},
"expansion": "English ruffle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano, roffia (“dirt”), from Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”). Cognate with Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”), English ruffle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "rufian m (plural rufians)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ruffian (scoundrel, rascal)"
],
"id": "en-rufian-fr-noun-Osls~zN2",
"links": [
[
"ruffian",
"ruffian"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pimp",
"word": "maquereau"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.fjɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "rufian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Italian ruffiano",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "it",
"3": "ruffiano",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "roffia",
"3": "",
"4": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "roffia (“dirt”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "goh",
"3": "hruf",
"4": "hrŭf",
"5": "eschar, crust"
},
"expansion": "Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrufla",
"3": "",
"4": "to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruffle"
},
"expansion": "English ruffle",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian ruffiano, roffia (“dirt”), from Old High German hrŭf (“eschar, crust”). Cognate with Icelandic hrufla (“to scratch”), English ruffle.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rufians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "rufian m (plural rufians)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 2-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Italian",
"French terms derived from Italian",
"French terms derived from Old High German",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"ruffian (scoundrel, rascal)"
],
"links": [
[
"ruffian",
"ruffian"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʁy.fjɑ̃/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c3/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-LoquaxFR-rufian.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "pimp",
"word": "maquereau"
}
],
"word": "rufian"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.