See pro- on Wiktionary
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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{
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"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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}
],
"glosses": [
"similar to"
],
"id": "en-pro--mul-prefix-CvzFUquB",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro",
"4": "",
"5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
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"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "45 20 15 4 13 3 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"_dis": "38 17 17 10 14 5 0",
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"Entry maintenance"
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"_dis": "55 23 6 2 11 3 0",
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{
"_dis": "0 2 1 27 12 3 1 5 1 0 2 2 1 1 21 2 1 13 3 2",
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"_dis": "0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2",
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "36 22 11 8 14 9 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "64 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 23 9 10 11 6 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Malay translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "64 36",
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"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "45 25 9 5 12 5 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific:",
"text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:agreement",
"links": [
[
"agreeing",
"agreeing"
],
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
"favouring",
"favouring"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:agreement"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "41 16 13 5 12 7 5",
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ꝓ-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "პრო-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "p'ro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "פְּרוֹ־"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pūaroha"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-sentence"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 88",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-drop"
}
],
"glosses": [
"substituting for"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:subsitution",
"links": [
[
"substituting",
"substituting"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:subsitution"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro-",
"4": "",
"5": "forward direction, forward movement"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
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},
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],
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{
"examples": [
{
"text": "progress compared to regress"
}
],
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"forward movement"
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],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
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"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ante-"
},
{
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"word": "counter-"
},
{
"word": "per-"
},
{
"word": "post-"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
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"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πρό",
"4": "",
"5": "before"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
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{
"args": {
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"glosses": [
"earlier; prior"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:earlier",
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
],
[
"prior",
"prior"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:earlier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: prepro-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precursor (molecule)"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:precursor",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"precursor",
"precursor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) precursor (molecule)"
],
"senseid": [
"en:precursor"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudimentary"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:simple",
"links": [
[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:simple"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:facing",
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:facing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
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{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "před-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "ur-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "przed-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 51 49",
"word": "prů-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"id": "en-pro--cs-prefix-nGcl3Caa",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + pít (“to drink”) → propít (“to spend sth on drinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + bulet → probulet",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + podnikat → propodnikat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + večírkovat → provečírkovat",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms a perfective verb and makes the verb transitive, the direct object is related to money or time"
],
"id": "en-pro--cs-prefix-MUBvgfKv",
"links": [
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"money",
"money#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + zdravit → prozdravit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + rvát → prorvat se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + kouřit → prokouřit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + žvanit → prožvanit se",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"+ direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"id": "en-pro--cs-prefix-kDYTmbXo",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Czech"
],
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"se",
"se#Czech"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "pro- + imperfective base + se",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pro- + imperfective base + se) + direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pro ]"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"id": "en-pro--fr-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
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{
"args": {
"1": "it",
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"3": "prō",
"t": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
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],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"kind": "other",
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"id": "en-pro--it-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*pro->forward",
"id": "forward",
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},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
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"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pro-",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Synchronically served as the prefix counterpart to the preposition prō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "prō-",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 2 3 37 2 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clīvus + -is → prōclīvis"
},
{
"text": "prōd- + eō → prōdeō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gradior → prōgredior",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-iws05k3r",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 13 2 3 37 2 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + flīgō + -ō → prōflīgō"
},
{
"text": "prō- + terō → prōterō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement",
"downward and forward movement"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-9RJuZq-P",
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
],
[
"downward",
"downward#English"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + pugnō → prōpugnō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + tegō → prōtegō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"action directed forward or in front"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-HSm~kl9m",
"links": [
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"front",
"front#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + *mineō → prōmineō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + pendeō → prōpendeō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prominence"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-s1l0D1dZ",
"links": [
[
"prominence",
"prominence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 2 3 37 2 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clāmō → prōclāmō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + loquor → prōloquor",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in place of, on behalf of"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-r7h1g~Dc",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"behalf",
"behalf#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(prefixed to verbs of utterance) in place of, on behalf of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"prefixed to verbs of utterance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + creō → prōcreō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gignō → prōgignō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + *olēs → prōlēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + emō → prōmō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bringing into being, forth, or into the open"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-T9zDmYzd",
"links": [
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"forth",
"forth#English"
],
[
"open",
"open#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + avus → proavus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + rogō → prōrogō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + videō → prōvideō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prior, fore-"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-tLUZ62Z6",
"links": [
[
"prior",
"prior#English"
],
[
"fore-",
"fore-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "temporally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(temporally) prior, fore-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 2 3 37 2 2 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + cūrō → prōcūrō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + faciō → prōficiō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō(d)- + sum → prōsum",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"advantage"
],
"id": "en-pro--la-prefix-fbBVilza",
"links": [
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 1 18 2 2 67",
"roman": "prevocalic",
"word": "prōd-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 1 18 2 2 67",
"tags": [
"pre-Classical"
],
"word": "por-"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 5 1 1 18 2 2 67",
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "ꝓ-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pro/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[prɔ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pro/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[pro]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "/proː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[proː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pro/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[prɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"id": "en-pro--pl-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pro-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings"
],
"id": "en-pro--sl-prefix-a~vuAHPI",
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + sẹ́vati (“to radiate”) → prosẹ́vati (“to shine through”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:",
"moving through"
],
"id": "en-pro--sl-prefix-dydSy9qN",
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ-/"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 9 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"id": "en-pro--es-prefix-auf4TMcZ",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pra-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pra-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: *pra-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: *pra-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fra-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fra- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "προ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: προ- (pro-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: προ- (pro-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pra-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pra- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pro-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pro- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pró>toward",
"id": "toward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *pró (“toward, leading”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (before)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toward, forward"
],
"id": "en-pro--ine-pro-prefix-WdeIGkoM",
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prō-",
"3": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prō-, pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prō-, pro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌓𐌞-",
"3": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌞- (prú-), 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌞- (prú-), 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-",
"3": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-), pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-), pro-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*pro->toward",
"id": "forward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "towards, forwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pro- (see the Latin entry for further meanings)"
],
"id": "en-pro--itc-pro-prefix-gvZ1GPdB",
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Latin"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "prō"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech prefixes",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "prů-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"through"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + pít (“to drink”) → propít (“to spend sth on drinking”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + bulet → probulet",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + podnikat → propodnikat",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + večírkovat → provečírkovat",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forms a perfective verb and makes the verb transitive, the direct object is related to money or time"
],
"links": [
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
],
[
"transitive",
"transitive#English"
],
[
"money",
"money#English"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + zdravit → prozdravit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + rvát → prorvat se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + kouřit → prokouřit se",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pro- + žvanit → prožvanit se",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"+ direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Czech"
],
[
"imperfective",
"imperfective"
],
[
"se",
"se#Czech"
],
[
"direction",
"direction"
],
[
"perfective",
"perfective#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "pro- + imperfective base + se",
"raw_glosses": [
"(pro- + imperfective base + se) + direction forms a perfective verb and changes the sense of motion from literal to fictive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pro ]"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-sentence"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-drop"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro",
"4": "",
"5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific:",
"text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
],
"links": [
[
"agreeing",
"agreeing"
],
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
"favouring",
"favouring"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:agreement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"substituting for"
],
"links": [
[
"substituting",
"substituting"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:subsitution"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ꝓ-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ṗro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "პრო-"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "p'ro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "פְּרוֹ־"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pūaroha"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "pro-",
"4": "",
"5": "forward direction, forward movement"
},
"expansion": "Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "progress compared to regress"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward movement"
],
"senseid": [
"en:forward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ꝓ-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ante-"
},
{
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"word": "counter-"
},
{
"word": "per-"
},
{
"word": "post-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
"English undefined derivations",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "πρό",
"4": "",
"5": "before"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earlier; prior"
],
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
],
[
"prior",
"prior"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:earlier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Coordinate term: prepro-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precursor (molecule)"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"precursor",
"precursor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) precursor (molecule)"
],
"senseid": [
"en:precursor"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudimentary"
],
"links": [
[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:simple"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:facing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
],
"word": "ꝓ-"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "před-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "ur-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "przed-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French prefixes",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō",
"t": "in front of"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin prō (“in front of”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian prefixes",
"Italian terms borrowed from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 1-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*pro->forward",
"id": "forward",
"pos": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *pro-, from Proto-Indo-European *pro-. Synchronically served as the prefix counterpart to the preposition prō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "prō-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pro-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "prō-",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix",
"head": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clīvus + -is → prōclīvis"
},
{
"text": "prōd- + eō → prōdeō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gradior → prōgredior",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + flīgō + -ō → prōflīgō"
},
{
"text": "prō- + terō → prōterō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward direction, forward movement",
"downward and forward movement"
],
"links": [
[
"forward",
"forward#English"
],
[
"downward",
"downward#English"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + pugnō → prōpugnō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + tegō → prōtegō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"action directed forward or in front"
],
"links": [
[
"action",
"action#English"
],
[
"front",
"front#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + *mineō → prōmineō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + pendeō → prōpendeō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prominence"
],
"links": [
[
"prominence",
"prominence#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + clāmō → prōclāmō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + loquor → prōloquor",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in place of, on behalf of"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#English"
],
[
"behalf",
"behalf#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(prefixed to verbs of utterance) in place of, on behalf of"
],
"raw_tags": [
"prefixed to verbs of utterance"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + creō → prōcreō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + gignō → prōgignō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + *olēs → prōlēs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + emō → prōmō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bringing into being, forth, or into the open"
],
"links": [
[
"being",
"being#English"
],
[
"forth",
"forth#English"
],
[
"open",
"open#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + avus → proavus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + rogō → prōrogō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + videō → prōvideō",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"prior, fore-"
],
"links": [
[
"prior",
"prior#English"
],
[
"fore-",
"fore-#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "temporally",
"raw_glosses": [
"(temporally) prior, fore-"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "prō- + cūrō → prōcūrō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō- + faciō → prōficiō",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "prō(d)- + sum → prōsum",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"advantage"
],
"links": [
[
"advantage",
"advantage#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pro/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[prɔ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pro/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[pro]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "/proː/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[proː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pro/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[prɔː]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "prevocalic",
"word": "prōd-"
},
{
"tags": [
"pre-Classical"
],
"word": "por-"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"abbreviation"
],
"word": "ꝓ-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "la",
"3": "prō-"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin prō-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish prefixes",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔ/1 syllable"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pra-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pra-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: *pra-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: *pra-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸro- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fra-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fra- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "προ-"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: προ- (pro-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: προ- (pro-) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pra-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pra-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pra- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *pro-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pro-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pro- (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*pró>toward",
"id": "toward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *pró (“toward, leading”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European prefixes",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (before)"
],
"glosses": [
"toward, forward"
],
"links": [
[
"toward",
"toward"
],
[
"forward",
"forward"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prō-",
"3": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prō-, pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prō-, pro-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌐𐌓𐌞-",
"3": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌞- (prú-), 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌐𐌓𐌞- (prú-), 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xum",
"2": "𐌐𐌓𐌖-",
"3": "pro-"
},
"expansion": "Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-), pro-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbrian: 𐌐𐌓𐌖- (pru-), pro-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*pro->toward",
"id": "forward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*pro-",
"t": "towards, forwards"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *pro- (“towards, forwards”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/pro-",
"pos": "prefix",
"related": [
{
"word": "prō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic prefixes",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"pro- (see the Latin entry for further meanings)"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovene entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovene lemmas",
"Slovene prefixes",
"Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*pro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *pro-",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Slavic *pro-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "pro- + sẹ́vati (“to radiate”) → prosẹ́vati (“to shine through”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:",
"moving through"
],
"links": [
[
"through",
"through"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/prɔ-/"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"pro-"
],
"links": [
[
"pro-",
"pro-#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mul",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"similar to"
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pro- meaning in All languages combined (22.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.