"pro-" meaning in English

See pro- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

IPA: /pɹəʊ/ [UK], /pɹoʊ/ [US]
Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}}, {{uder|en|la|pro||in favour of, on behalf of}} Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} pro-, {{en-prefix}} pro-
  1. agreeing with; supporting; favouring Tags: morpheme Synonyms: ꝓ- [abbreviation, obsolete] Translations (prefix meaning supporting or favouring): pro- (French), პრო- (ṗro-) (Georgian), פְּרוֹ־ (p'ro-) (Hebrew), pro- (Malay), pūaroha (Maori), pro- (Polish), про- (pro-) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:agreement Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English undefined derivations, Entries with translation boxes, Pages using catfix, Pages with 9 entries, Pages with entries, Terms with Czech translations, Terms with French translations, Terms with Georgian translations, Terms with Hebrew translations, Terms with Irish translations, Terms with Malay translations, Terms with Maori translations, Terms with Polish translations, Terms with Russian translations Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 45 20 15 4 13 3 0 Disambiguation of English undefined derivations: 38 17 17 10 14 5 0 Disambiguation of Entries with translation boxes: 55 23 6 2 11 3 0 Disambiguation of Pages using catfix: 0 2 2 26 11 3 1 5 1 0 2 2 1 1 19 2 1 13 3 3 Disambiguation of Pages with 9 entries: 0 2 1 27 12 3 1 5 1 0 2 2 1 1 21 2 1 13 3 2 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2 Disambiguation of Terms with Czech translations: 36 22 11 8 14 9 0 Disambiguation of Terms with French translations: 66 34 Disambiguation of Terms with Georgian translations: 61 39 Disambiguation of Terms with Hebrew translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Irish translations: 42 23 9 10 11 6 0 Disambiguation of Terms with Malay translations: 63 37 Disambiguation of Terms with Maori translations: 64 36 Disambiguation of Terms with Polish translations: 45 25 9 5 12 5 0 Disambiguation of Terms with Russian translations: 65 35 Disambiguation of 'prefix meaning supporting or favouring': 97 3
  2. substituting for Tags: morpheme Derived forms (substituting for): pro-form, pronoun, pro-sentence, pro-drop
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:subsitution Categories (other): Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2 Disambiguation of 'substituting for': 12 88
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Prefix

IPA: /pɹəʊ/ [UK], /pɹoʊ/ [US]
Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}}, {{uder|en|la|pro-||forward direction, forward movement}} Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} pro-, {{en-prefix}} pro-
  1. forward movement Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:forward
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Prefix

IPA: /pɹəʊ/ [UK], /pɹoʊ/ [US]
Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}}, {{uder|en|grc|πρό||before}} Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} pro-, {{en-prefix}} pro-
  1. earlier; prior Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:earlier
  2. (biology) precursor (molecule) Tags: morpheme Categories (topical): Biology
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:precursor Topics: biology, natural-sciences
  3. rudimentary Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:simple
  4. in front of Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-en:facing
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (prefix): před- (Czech), ur- (Irish), przed- (Polish)
Etymology number: 3 Disambiguation of 'prefix': 0 0 0 0
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      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
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        "5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
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          "_dis": "45 20 15 4 13 3 0",
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          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
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            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
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          "_dis": "38 17 17 10 14 5 0",
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          "_dis": "55 23 6 2 11 3 0",
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          "ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific:",
          "text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:agreement",
      "links": [
        [
          "agreeing",
          "agreeing"
        ],
        [
          "supporting",
          "supporting"
        ],
        [
          "favouring",
          "favouring"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:agreement"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "41 16 13 5 12 7 5",
          "tags": [
            "abbreviation",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "ꝓ-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pro-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṗro-",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "პრო-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "p'ro-",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "פְּרוֹ־"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pro-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pūaroha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pro-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pro-",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "про-"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 1 1 29 13 2 1 5 1 0 1 1 1 1 25 1 1 14 2 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 88",
          "sense": "substituting for",
          "word": "pro-form"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 88",
          "sense": "substituting for",
          "word": "pronoun"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 88",
          "sense": "substituting for",
          "word": "pro-sentence"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "12 88",
          "sense": "substituting for",
          "word": "pro-drop"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "substituting for"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:subsitution",
      "links": [
        [
          "substituting",
          "substituting"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:subsitution"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

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  "etymology_number": 2,
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        "5": "forward direction, forward movement"
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        {
          "text": "progress compared to regress"
        }
      ],
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        "forward movement"
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        "en:forward"
      ],
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        "morpheme"
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      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
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    },
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      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ante-"
    },
    {
      "word": "anti-"
    },
    {
      "word": "counter-"
    },
    {
      "word": "per-"
    },
    {
      "word": "post-"
    }
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  "etymology_number": 3,
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        "earlier; prior"
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      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:earlier",
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        [
          "earlier",
          "earlier"
        ],
        [
          "prior",
          "prior"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:earlier"
      ],
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        "morpheme"
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    },
    {
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          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Biology",
          "orig": "en:Biology",
          "parents": [
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            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: prepro-"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "precursor (molecule)"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:precursor",
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "precursor",
          "precursor"
        ]
      ],
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        "(biology) precursor (molecule)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:precursor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rudimentary"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:simple",
      "links": [
        [
          "rudimentary",
          "rudimentary"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:simple"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in front of"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:facing",
      "links": [
        [
          "in front of",
          "in front of"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:facing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "před-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "ur-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "przed-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}
{
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    "Terms with Polish translations",
    "Terms with Russian translations"
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        "5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
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    {
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        {
          "ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific:",
          "text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
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        "agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "agreeing",
          "agreeing"
        ],
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          "supporting",
          "supporting"
        ],
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          "favouring",
          "favouring"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:agreement"
      ],
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        "substituting for"
      ],
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        [
          "substituting",
          "substituting"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:subsitution"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "ꝓ-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pro-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṗro-",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "პრო-"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "p'ro-",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "פְּרוֹ־"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pro-"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pūaroha"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pro-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pro-",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "про-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
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    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English prefixes",
    "English productive prefixes",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊ",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pro-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "forward direction, forward movement"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "progress compared to regress"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forward movement"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:forward"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "ꝓ-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ante-"
    },
    {
      "word": "anti-"
    },
    {
      "word": "counter-"
    },
    {
      "word": "per-"
    },
    {
      "word": "post-"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English prefixes",
    "English productive prefixes",
    "English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per-",
    "English undefined derivations",
    "Entries with translation boxes",
    "Pages using catfix",
    "Pages with 9 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/əʊ",
    "Terms with Czech translations",
    "Terms with Irish translations",
    "Terms with Polish translations"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "πρό",
        "4": "",
        "5": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "earlier; prior"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "earlier",
          "earlier"
        ],
        [
          "prior",
          "prior"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:earlier"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:Biology"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Coordinate term: prepro-"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "precursor (molecule)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "biology",
          "biology"
        ],
        [
          "precursor",
          "precursor"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(biology) precursor (molecule)"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:precursor"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "biology",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rudimentary"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rudimentary",
          "rudimentary"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:simple"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in front of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in front of",
          "in front of"
        ]
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "en:facing"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "ꝓ-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "před-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "ur-"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "przed-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for pro- meaning in English (7.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.