See pro- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"name": "ety"
}
],
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"text": "Rohrabacher, who is considered to be among the most pro-Russia members in Congress, met with Assange earlier this month and claims Assange told him that Russia was not involved in the hacking.",
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"ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Apr 2023, Asia & Pacific:",
"text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
"type": "quotation"
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],
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"agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:agreement",
"links": [
[
"agreeing",
"agreeing"
],
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
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{
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"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
},
{
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"code": "fr",
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"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
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"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "პრო-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
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"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yper-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "υπερ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "p'ro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "פְּרוֹ־"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pūaroha"
},
{
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"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
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"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
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"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
}
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{
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"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
"sense": "substituting for",
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},
{
"_dis1": "10 90",
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],
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"also"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *pro-\nProto-Italic *pro-\nLatin prō-lbor.\nEnglish pro-\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prō-\", \"gloss\" : \"forward direction, forward movement\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pro-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"forward movement\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pro-\" id=\"English:_forward_movement\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin prō- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *pro-\nProto-Italic *pro-\nLatin prō-lbor.\nEnglish pro-\nLearned borrowing from Latin prō- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
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{
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{
"text": "progress compared to regress"
}
],
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],
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],
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},
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"tags": [
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]
},
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]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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"also"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɾoː-/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
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}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ante-"
},
{
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"word": "counter-"
},
{
"word": "per-"
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{
"word": "post-"
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"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)der.\nEnglish pro-\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pro-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"before\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pro-\" id=\"English:_before\">\nDerived from Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)der.\nEnglish pro-\nDerived from Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
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],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earlier; prior"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:earlier",
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
],
[
"prior",
"prior"
]
],
"senseid": [
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],
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Biology",
"orig": "en:Biology",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"precursor (molecule)"
],
"id": "en-pro--en-prefix-en:precursor",
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"precursor",
"precursor"
]
],
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"(biology) precursor (molecule)"
],
"senseid": [
"en:precursor"
],
"tags": [
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],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
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],
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"links": [
[
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"rudimentary"
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],
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{
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],
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[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"senseid": [
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],
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prō′-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
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"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹɐʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
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"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
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"New-Zealand",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹo-/",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɾoː-/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pred-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "пред-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "před-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "ur-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pred-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "пред-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pered-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "перед-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Malay translations",
"Terms with Māori translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-form"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pronoun"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-sentence"
},
{
"sense": "substituting for",
"word": "pro-drop"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "la:prō<t:in favor of, on behalf of>",
"id": "promoting",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nProto-Italic *prō\nLatin prōder.\nEnglish pro-\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"in favor of, on behalf of\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pro-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"promoting\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pro-\" id=\"English:_promoting\">\nDerived from Latin prō (“in favor of, on behalf of”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nProto-Italic *prō\nLatin prōder.\nEnglish pro-\nDerived from Latin prō (“in favor of, on behalf of”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pro-"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
52,
56
]
],
"ref": "2017 August 29, Andrew Kaczynski, “Rep. Rohrabacher says ‘rendezvous’ being set up with Trump to relay info from WikiLeaks’ Assange on DNC hack”, in CNN:",
"text": "Rohrabacher, who is considered to be among the most pro-Russia members in Congress, met with Assange earlier this month and claims Assange told him that Russia was not involved in the hacking.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
174,
178
]
],
"ref": "2020 September 6, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 19 Apr 2023, Asia & Pacific:",
"text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
],
"links": [
[
"agreeing",
"agreeing"
],
[
"supporting",
"supporting"
],
[
"favouring",
"favouring"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:agreement"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"substituting for"
],
"links": [
[
"substituting",
"substituting"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:subsitution"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prō′-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹɐʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹo-/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɾoː-/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṗro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "პრო-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "yper-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "υπερ-"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "p'ro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "פְּרוֹ־"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pūaroha"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "pro-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pro-",
"sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
"word": "про-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:prō-<id:forward><t:forward direction, forward movement>",
"id": "forward movement",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *pro-\nProto-Italic *pro-\nLatin prō-lbor.\nEnglish pro-\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*pro-\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prō-\", \"gloss\" : \"forward direction, forward movement\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pro-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"forward movement\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pro-\" id=\"English:_forward_movement\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin prō- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *pro-\nProto-Italic *pro-\nLatin prō-lbor.\nEnglish pro-\nLearned borrowing from Latin prō- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pro-"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "progress compared to regress"
}
],
"glosses": [
"forward movement"
],
"senseid": [
"en:forward"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prō′-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹɐʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹo-/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɾoː-/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ante-"
},
{
"word": "anti-"
},
{
"word": "counter-"
},
{
"word": "per-"
},
{
"word": "post-"
}
],
"categories": [
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English prefixes",
"English productive prefixes",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":der",
"3": "grc:πρό<id:before><t:before>",
"id": "before",
"text": "*",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)der.\nEnglish pro-\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"toward\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"πρό\", \"gloss\" : \"before\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"pro-\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-id=\"before\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"pro-\" id=\"English:_before\">\nDerived from Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *próder.\nAncient Greek πρό (pró)der.\nEnglish pro-\nDerived from Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ꝓ-",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"abbreviation",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pro-",
"name": "en-prefix"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pro-"
]
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"earlier; prior"
],
"links": [
[
"earlier",
"earlier"
],
[
"prior",
"prior"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:earlier"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Biology"
],
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"word": "prepro-"
}
],
"glosses": [
"precursor (molecule)"
],
"links": [
[
"biology",
"biology"
],
[
"precursor",
"precursor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biology) precursor (molecule)"
],
"senseid": [
"en:precursor"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudimentary"
],
"links": [
[
"rudimentary",
"rudimentary"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:simple"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"in front of"
],
"links": [
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:facing"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "prō′-"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹoʊ̯-/",
"tags": [
"Canada",
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹɐʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹəʉ̯-/",
"tags": [
"General-Australian",
"New-Zealand",
"also"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɹo-/",
"tags": [
"Scotland"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˌpɾoː-/",
"tags": [
"India"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊ"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "pred-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "пред-"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "před-"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "ur-"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "przed-"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pred-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "пред-"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "pered-",
"sense": "prefix",
"word": "перед-"
}
],
"word": "pro-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pro- meaning in English (17.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.