"pro-" meaning in English

See pro- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Prefix

IPA: /pɹəʊ/ [UK], /pɹoʊ/ [US]
Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}}, {{cln|en|undefined derivations}}, {{uder|en|la|pro||in favour of, on behalf of}} Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} pro-, {{en-prefix}} pro-
  1. agreeing with; supporting; favouring Tags: morpheme Translations (prefix meaning supporting or favouring): pro- (French), პრო- (ṗro-) (Georgian), ⁧פְּרוֹ־⁩ (p'ro-) (Hebrew), pro- (Malay), pūaroha (Maori), pro- (Polish), про- (pro-) (Russian)
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-yyiWug11 Disambiguation of 'prefix meaning supporting or favouring': 97 3
  2. substituting for Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-6Aa-iI~a
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Prefix

IPA: /pɹəʊ/ [UK], /pɹoʊ/ [US]
Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}}, {{cln|en|undefined derivations}}, {{uder|en|la|pro-||forward direction, forward movement}} Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} pro-, {{en-prefix}} pro-
  1. forward movement Tags: morpheme Synonyms: ꝓ- [abbreviation, obsolete]
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-d2NxddXR
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Prefix

IPA: /pɹəʊ/ [UK], /pɹoʊ/ [US]
Rhymes: -əʊ Etymology: From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*per-}}, {{cln|en|undefined derivations}}, {{uder|en|grc|πρό||before}} Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”) Head templates: {{head|en|prefix|head=|sort=}} pro-, {{en-prefix}} pro-
  1. earlier; prior Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-ydXoRBzu
  2. rudimentary Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-Crv0-2do
  3. in front of Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en-pro--en-prefix-TY7IuR1u
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Translations (prefix): před- (Czech), ur- (Irish), przed- (Polish)
Etymology number: 3 Disambiguation of 'prefix': 0 0 0

Download JSON data for pro- meaning in English (5.3kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pro",
        "4": "",
        "5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "September 6, 2020, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific",
          "text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-yyiWug11",
      "links": [
        [
          "agreeing",
          "agreeing"
        ],
        [
          "supporting",
          "supporting"
        ],
        [
          "favouring",
          "favouring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pro-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "ṗro-",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "პრო-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "he",
          "lang": "Hebrew",
          "roman": "p'ro-",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "⁧פְּרוֹ־⁩"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ms",
          "lang": "Malay",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pro-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pūaroha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "pro-"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "97 3",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pro-",
          "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
          "word": "про-"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "substituting for"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-6Aa-iI~a",
      "links": [
        [
          "substituting",
          "substituting"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pro-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "forward direction, forward movement"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
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    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "progress compared to regress"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forward movement"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-d2NxddXR",
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "12 0 38 16 20 15",
          "tags": [
            "abbreviation",
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "ꝓ-"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ante-"
    },
    {
      "word": "anti-"
    },
    {
      "word": "counter-"
    },
    {
      "word": "per-"
    },
    {
      "word": "post-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "πρό",
        "4": "",
        "5": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "earlier; prior"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-ydXoRBzu",
      "links": [
        [
          "earlier",
          "earlier"
        ],
        [
          "prior",
          "prior"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rudimentary"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-Crv0-2do",
      "links": [
        [
          "rudimentary",
          "rudimentary"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in front of"
      ],
      "id": "en-pro--en-prefix-TY7IuR1u",
      "links": [
        [
          "in front of",
          "in front of"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "před-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "ur-"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "przed-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}
{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pro",
        "4": "",
        "5": "in favour of, on behalf of"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin pro (“in favour of, on behalf of”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "September 6, 2020, “Hong Kong police arrest 289 at protests over election delay”, in The Washington Post, Associated Press, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2023-04-19, Asia & Pacific",
          "text": "Police said that 289 people had been arrested, mostly for unlawful assembly. One woman was arrested in the Kowloon district of Yau Ma Tei on charges of assault and spreading pro-independence slogans, the police department said on its Facebook page. It said such slogans are illegal under a newly enacted national security law.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "agreeing with; supporting; favouring"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "agreeing",
          "agreeing"
        ],
        [
          "supporting",
          "supporting"
        ],
        [
          "favouring",
          "favouring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "substituting for"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "substituting",
          "substituting"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "ꝓ-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pro-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "ṗro-",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "პრო-"
    },
    {
      "code": "he",
      "lang": "Hebrew",
      "roman": "p'ro-",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "⁧פְּרוֹ־⁩"
    },
    {
      "code": "ms",
      "lang": "Malay",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pro-"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pūaroha"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "pro-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pro-",
      "sense": "prefix meaning supporting or favouring",
      "word": "про-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "pro-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "forward direction, forward movement"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin pro- (“forward direction, forward movement”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "progress compared to regress"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forward movement"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "ꝓ-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ante-"
    },
    {
      "word": "anti-"
    },
    {
      "word": "counter-"
    },
    {
      "word": "per-"
    },
    {
      "word": "post-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*per-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "undefined derivations"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "cln"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "grc",
        "3": "πρό",
        "4": "",
        "5": "before"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”)",
      "name": "uder"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Ancient Greek πρό (pró, “before”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "prefix",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "pro-",
      "name": "en-prefix"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "prefix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "earlier; prior"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "earlier",
          "earlier"
        ],
        [
          "prior",
          "prior"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rudimentary"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rudimentary",
          "rudimentary"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "in front of"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "in front of",
          "in front of"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹəʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɹoʊ/",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-əʊ"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "abbreviation",
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "ꝓ-"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "před-"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "ur-"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "prefix",
      "word": "przed-"
    }
  ],
  "word": "pro-"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.