See pluma on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for pluma meaning in All languages combined (30.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*plewk-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of plume",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma. Doublet of plume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plumae"
},
"expansion": "pluma (plural plumae)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "en:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A feather."
],
"id": "en-pluma-en-noun-6nY08cuE",
"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
],
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology, archaic) A feather."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "filopluma"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "plumas",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "plumas"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "an-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Aragonese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pluma-an-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluma/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"4": "",
"5": "feather",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "slbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Spanish pluma",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably a semi-learned term taken from Latin plūma (“feather”). Compare Spanish pluma, however.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "plumes",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumes)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "plumes"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumes)",
"name": "ast-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Asturian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather (element of bird wings)"
],
"id": "en-pluma-ast-noun-O-yoh9xZ",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pen; plume"
],
"id": "en-pluma-ast-noun-4YBchZjR",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
],
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplu.ma]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "pluma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "plumer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of plumer"
],
"id": "en-pluma-fr-verb-6dHKlBZj",
"links": [
[
"plumer",
"plumer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Benoît Prieur-pluma.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-pluma.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-pluma.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-pluma.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Beno%C3%AEt_Prieur-pluma.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"4": "",
"5": "feather",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "chumazo"
},
"expansion": "chumazo",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather”) (Latin pl- normally becomes ch- in inherited Galician); compare the semi-learned Old Galician-Portuguese pruma. See also chumazo, which was popularly inherited and underwent the usual sound changes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather (element of bird wings)"
],
"id": "en-pluma-gl-noun-O-yoh9xZ",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 47 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pen (writing tool)"
],
"id": "en-pluma-gl-noun-v2Zfx506",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plume (large and showy feather)"
],
"id": "en-pluma-gl-noun-zlraSwHr",
"links": [
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplu.mɐ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plūma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pluma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pen"
],
"id": "en-pluma-ia-noun-4hprDLGT",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pluma-ia-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "ang",
"3": "gmw-pro",
"4": "la",
"5": "grc"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "enm",
"3": "ploume"
},
"expansion": "Middle English ploume",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "plomme",
"t": "plum"
},
"expansion": "plomme (“plum”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "prúna"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of prúna",
"name": "doublet"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "",
"3": "dhá phluma"
},
"expansion": "dhá phluma",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle English ploume, plomme (“plum”). Doublet of prúna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pluma",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plural plumaí",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "plumaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "pluma",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pluma m (genitive singular pluma, nominative plural plumaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "pluma m (genitive singular pluma, nominative plural plumaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "ga:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Stone fruits",
"orig": "ga:Stone fruits",
"parents": [
"Fruits",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "plum-tree",
"word": "crann plumaí"
},
{
"english": "date-plum, persimmon",
"word": "dátphluma"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plum"
],
"id": "en-pluma-ga-noun-BGclVpUI",
"links": [
[
"plum",
"plum"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpˠlˠʊmˠə/"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "en",
"3": "plumb"
},
"expansion": "English plumb",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "fro",
"3": "*plombe"
},
"expansion": "Old French *plombe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "la",
"3": "plumba"
},
"expansion": "Latin plumba",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "plumbum"
},
"expansion": "plumbum",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English plumb, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pluma",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plural plumaí",
"tags": [
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "a phluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "a phlumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an phluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na bplumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an bpluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don phluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "phluma",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "bpluma",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "plumaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "pluma",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pluma m (genitive singular pluma, nominative plural plumaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "pluma m (genitive singular pluma, nominative plural plumaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p",
"2": "luma",
"3": "lumaí"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m4"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "ga:Fruits",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "53 47",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ga",
"name": "Stone fruits",
"orig": "ga:Stone fruits",
"parents": [
"Fruits",
"Shrubs",
"Trees",
"Foods",
"Plants",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Lifeforms",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plumb (of plumb-line), plummet"
],
"id": "en-pluma-ga-noun-d~MLke-o",
"links": [
[
"plumb",
"plumb"
],
[
"plummet",
"plummet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpˠlˠʊmˠə/"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "dēplūmis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "implūmis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmesco"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmiger"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmipēs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmācium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "plūmōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "replūmis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: plume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "piuma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: piuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: piuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Old French: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: plume"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "French: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: plume"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "plym",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: plym",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: plym"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "plieunme"
},
"expansion": "Norman: plieunme",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "plleume"
},
"expansion": "plleume",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Guernsey"
},
"expansion": "(Guernsey)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norman: plieunme (Jersey), plleume (Guernsey)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "plome"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: plome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: plome"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: plume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ploma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: ploma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: ploma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pluma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "chiuma"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: chiuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: chiuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "piuma"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: piuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: piuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pluma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: pluma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*plʉβ̃",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plʉβ̃",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plʉβ̃ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*plūmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *plūmu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *plūmu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "פלומה",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: פלומה",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: פלומה"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "clúm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: clúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: clúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "clúmh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: clúmh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: clúmh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "clooie"
},
"expansion": "Manx: clooie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: clooie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "clòimh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: clòimh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: clòimh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pluma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: pluma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pluma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: pluma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*plouksmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plouksmā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*plewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plùnksna",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plùnksna (“feather”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *plouksmā, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-. Cognate with Lithuanian plùnksna (“feather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "plūma f (genitive plūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "77 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 26 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"feather, plume"
],
"id": "en-pluma-la-noun-WfJhebBH",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
],
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"metal scale of armor"
],
"id": "en-pluma-la-noun-3tpZxoGU",
"links": [
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"armor",
"armor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) metal scale of armor"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 4.10.2"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beard-down"
],
"id": "en-pluma-la-noun-XwESR5Xm",
"links": [
[
"beard",
"beard"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫ̪uːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplu.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpluːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pluma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "es",
"3": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Spanish pluma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese pluma and Spanish pluma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pluma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pluma-pap-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Papiamentu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"plume"
],
"id": "en-pluma-pap-noun-DvDEkEno",
"links": [
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chumaço"
},
"expansion": "chumaço",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather”) (Latin pl- normally becomes ch- in inherited Portuguese); compare the semi-learned Old Galician-Portuguese pruma. See also chumaço, which was popularly inherited and underwent the usual sound changes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plumaço"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plumagem"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "plumão"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plume (large and showy feather)"
],
"id": "en-pluma-pt-noun-zlraSwHr",
"links": [
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "pt:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"upwelling of molten material from the Earth's mantle (mantle plume)"
],
"id": "en-pluma-pt-noun-Sf454Yvz",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"upwelling",
"upwelling"
],
[
"molten",
"molten"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) upwelling of molten material from the Earth's mantle (mantle plume)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplũ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplũ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplu.ma/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplu.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "al correr de la pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "alumbre de pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buche y pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "buchipluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "carne de pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "clavellina de pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cortaplumas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "dejar correr la pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "desplumar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "escribir a vuela pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "gente de pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "hacer a pelo y pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "la pluma es más poderosa que la espada"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pasante de pluma"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pluma de agua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pluma de gel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pluma de indio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pluma en sangre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pluma estilográfica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumaje"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumero"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumífero"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumín"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "plumón"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "tener pluma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"4": "",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "llumazo"
},
"expansion": "llumazo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chumaço"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese chumaço",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chumacera"
},
"expansion": "Spanish chumacera",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "English plume",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plūma (“feather”), taken as an early semi-learned term (Latin pl- normally becomes ll- in inherited Spanish), or it may have maintained a conservative pronunciation as it would have been in use by mainly the upper class. A popular evolution of the word may have once existed in pre-literary Spanish, as evidenced by the Old Spanish derivative llumazo (compare Portuguese chumaço; see also Spanish chumacera, borrowed from a related Portuguese term). Cognate to English plume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"id": "en-pluma-es-noun-tSEV6lU8",
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 56 15 19 3 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "es",
"name": "Writing instruments",
"orig": "es:Writing instruments",
"parents": [
"Stationery",
"Tools",
"Writing",
"Technology",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"quill, quill pen"
],
"id": "en-pluma-es-noun-gwbo2Iqp",
"links": [
[
"quill",
"quill"
],
[
"quill pen",
"quill pen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pen, fountain pen"
],
"id": "en-pluma-es-noun-mT4ImZiY",
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
],
[
"fountain pen",
"fountain pen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma estilográfica"
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"_dis": "0 26 27 35 1 12",
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{
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{
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{
"word": "afeminamiento"
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{
"word": "ramalazo"
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],
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{
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "Spanish pluma",
"name": "cog"
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}
],
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plume"
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"expansion": "Doublet of plume",
"name": "doublet"
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],
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{
"form": "plumae",
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"plural"
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}
],
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "pluma (plural plumae)",
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"en:Zoology"
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"glosses": [
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"links": [
[
"zoology",
"zoology"
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[
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"feather"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(zoology, archaic) A feather."
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"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"natural-sciences",
"zoology"
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}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
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{
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{
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[
"plumer",
"plumer#French"
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],
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}
],
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{
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],
"word": "pluma"
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "chumazo"
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"expansion": "chumazo",
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],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather”) (Latin pl- normally becomes ch- in inherited Galician); compare the semi-learned Old Galician-Portuguese pruma. See also chumazo, which was popularly inherited and underwent the usual sound changes.",
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{
"form": "plumas",
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}
],
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{
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{
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],
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{
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{
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],
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"Irish terms derived from Old English",
"Irish terms derived from Old French",
"Irish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"ga:Fruits",
"ga:Stone fruits"
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"derived": [
{
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{
"english": "date-plum, persimmon",
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],
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{
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{
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{
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"1": "sga",
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"3": "dhá phluma"
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"expansion": "dhá phluma",
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],
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{
"form": "pluma",
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"genitive",
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},
{
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"f4request": "1",
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{
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],
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[
"plum",
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],
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}
],
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{
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],
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{
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"ga:Fruits",
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{
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{
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
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],
"etymology_text": "From English plumb, from Old French *plombe, from Latin plumba, plural of plumbum.",
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"singular"
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},
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"tags": [
"table-tags"
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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"nominative",
"plural"
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},
{
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"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "a phlumaí",
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"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
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},
{
"form": "plumaí",
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"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-decl-m4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an pluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "an phluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "na bplumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "leis an bpluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "don phluma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "leis na plumaí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ga-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pluma",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "phluma",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "bpluma",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"eclipsis",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"10": "",
"11": "nominative plural",
"12": "plumaí",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "genitive singular",
"4": "pluma",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"f1request": "1",
"f4request": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pluma m (genitive singular pluma, nominative plural plumaí)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "~",
"3": "~í"
},
"expansion": "pluma m (genitive singular pluma, nominative plural plumaí)",
"name": "ga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "p",
"2": "luma",
"3": "lumaí"
},
"name": "ga-decl-m4"
},
{
"args": {},
"name": "ga-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plumb (of plumb-line), plummet"
],
"links": [
[
"plumb",
"plumb"
],
[
"plummet",
"plummet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpˠlˠʊmˠə/"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "dēplūmis"
},
{
"word": "implūmis"
},
{
"word": "plūmesco"
},
{
"word": "plūmeus"
},
{
"word": "plūmiger"
},
{
"word": "plūmipēs"
},
{
"word": "plūmula"
},
{
"word": "plūmācium"
},
{
"word": "plūmārius"
},
{
"word": "plūmātus"
},
{
"word": "plūmō"
},
{
"word": "plūmōsus"
},
{
"word": "replūmis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: plume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "piuma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: piuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: piuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "Old French: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: plume"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "French: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: plume"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "plym",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: plym",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: plym"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "plieunme"
},
"expansion": "Norman: plieunme",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Jersey"
},
"expansion": "(Jersey)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "plleume"
},
"expansion": "plleume",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Guernsey"
},
"expansion": "(Guernsey)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Norman: plieunme (Jersey), plleume (Guernsey)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wa",
"2": "plome"
},
"expansion": "Walloon: plome",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Walloon: plome"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: plume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: plume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ploma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: ploma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: ploma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: pluma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "chiuma"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: chiuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: chiuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "piuma"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: piuma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: piuma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "pluma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Asturian: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Asturian: pluma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*plʉβ̃",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plʉβ̃",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Brythonic: *plʉβ̃ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*plūmu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *plūmu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *plūmu (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "פלומה",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: פלומה",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: פלומה"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "clúm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: clúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: clúm"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "clúmh"
},
"expansion": "Irish: clúmh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Irish: clúmh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gv",
"2": "clooie"
},
"expansion": "Manx: clooie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manx: clooie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "clòimh"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic: clòimh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scottish Gaelic: clòimh"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "pluma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: pluma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "pluma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: pluma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: pluma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*plouksmā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *plouksmā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*plewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *plewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plùnksna",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian plùnksna (“feather”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *plouksmā, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-. Cognate with Lithuanian plùnksna (“feather”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plūma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "plūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "plūma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "plūmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plūma<1>"
},
"expansion": "plūma f (genitive plūmae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "plūma<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather, plume"
],
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
],
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"metal scale of armor"
],
"links": [
[
"scale",
"scale"
],
[
"armor",
"armor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) metal scale of armor"
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "23 BCE – 13 BCE, Horace, Odes 4.10.2"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beard-down"
],
"links": [
[
"beard",
"beard"
],
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpɫ̪uːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplu.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈpluːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Papiamentu entries with incorrect language header",
"Papiamentu lemmas",
"Papiamentu nouns",
"Papiamentu terms derived from Portuguese",
"Papiamentu terms derived from Spanish"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "pt",
"3": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese pluma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "es",
"3": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Spanish pluma",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese pluma and Spanish pluma.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "pluma",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"plume"
],
"links": [
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
]
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese 2-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms borrowed from Latin",
"Portuguese terms derived from Latin",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "pruma"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese pruma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chumaço"
},
"expansion": "chumaço",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin plūma (“feather”) (Latin pl- normally becomes ch- in inherited Portuguese); compare the semi-learned Old Galician-Portuguese pruma. See also chumaço, which was popularly inherited and underwent the usual sound changes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "plumaço"
},
{
"word": "plumagem"
},
{
"word": "plumão"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"plume (large and showy feather)"
],
"links": [
[
"plume",
"plume"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pt:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"upwelling of molten material from the Earth's mantle (mantle plume)"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"upwelling",
"upwelling"
],
[
"molten",
"molten"
],
[
"material",
"material"
],
[
"Earth",
"Earth"
],
[
"mantle",
"mantle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) upwelling of molten material from the Earth's mantle (mantle plume)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈplũ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplũ.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplu.ma/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈplu.mɐ/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Spanish/uma",
"Rhymes:Spanish/uma/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish feminine nouns",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms derived from Latin",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Spanish terms with audio links",
"es:Writing instruments"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "al correr de la pluma"
},
{
"word": "alumbre de pluma"
},
{
"word": "buche y pluma"
},
{
"word": "buchipluma"
},
{
"word": "carne de pluma"
},
{
"word": "clavellina de pluma"
},
{
"word": "cortaplumas"
},
{
"word": "dejar correr la pluma"
},
{
"word": "desplumar"
},
{
"word": "escribir a vuela pluma"
},
{
"word": "gente de pluma"
},
{
"word": "hacer a pelo y pluma"
},
{
"word": "la pluma es más poderosa que la espada"
},
{
"word": "pasante de pluma"
},
{
"word": "pluma de agua"
},
{
"word": "pluma de gel"
},
{
"word": "pluma de indio"
},
{
"word": "pluma en sangre"
},
{
"word": "pluma estilográfica"
},
{
"word": "plumaje"
},
{
"word": "plumero"
},
{
"word": "plumífero"
},
{
"word": "plumín"
},
{
"word": "plumón"
},
{
"word": "tener pluma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "la",
"3": "plūma",
"4": "",
"t": "feather"
},
"expansion": "Latin plūma (“feather”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "llumazo"
},
"expansion": "llumazo",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "chumaço"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese chumaço",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "chumacera"
},
"expansion": "Spanish chumacera",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "plume"
},
"expansion": "English plume",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin plūma (“feather”), taken as an early semi-learned term (Latin pl- normally becomes ll- in inherited Spanish), or it may have maintained a conservative pronunciation as it would have been in use by mainly the upper class. A popular evolution of the word may have once existed in pre-literary Spanish, as evidenced by the Old Spanish derivative llumazo (compare Portuguese chumaço; see also Spanish chumacera, borrowed from a related Portuguese term). Cognate to English plume.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "plumas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "pluma f (plural plumas)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"feather"
],
"links": [
[
"feather",
"feather"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"quill, quill pen"
],
"links": [
[
"quill",
"quill"
],
[
"quill pen",
"quill pen"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pen, fountain pen"
],
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
],
[
"fountain pen",
"fountain pen"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pluma estilográfica"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Mexican Spanish",
"United States Spanish"
],
"glosses": [
"ballpoint pen"
],
"links": [
[
"ballpoint pen",
"ballpoint pen"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Mexico, US) ballpoint pen"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bolígrafo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Mexico",
"US",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"writer, penman"
],
"links": [
[
"writer",
"writer"
],
[
"penman",
"penman"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) writer, penman"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "escritor"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Peninsular Spanish",
"Spanish slang"
],
"glosses": [
"effeminacy"
],
"links": [
[
"effeminacy",
"effeminacy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Spain, slang) effeminacy"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "afeminación"
},
{
"word": "afeminamiento"
},
{
"word": "ramalazo"
}
],
"tags": [
"Spain",
"feminine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplu.ma]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uma"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico"
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "pluma",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Spanish pluma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tl",
"2": "es",
"3": "pluma"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Spanish pluma",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Spanish pluma.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋ",
"tags": [
"Baybayin"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"b": "+"
},
"expansion": "pluma (Baybayin spelling ᜉ᜔ᜎᜓᜋ)",
"name": "tl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"plu‧ma"
],
"lang": "Tagalog",
"lang_code": "tl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bolpen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tagalog 2-syllable words",
"Tagalog entries with incorrect language header",
"Tagalog lemmas",
"Tagalog nouns",
"Tagalog terms borrowed from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms derived from Spanish",
"Tagalog terms with Baybayin script",
"Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Tagalog terms with missing Baybayin script entries",
"Tagalog terms without tl-pr template"
],
"glosses": [
"pen (any writing instrument that uses ink)"
],
"links": [
[
"pen",
"pen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpluma/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈplu.mɐ]"
}
],
"word": "pluma"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Vocative",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Bare forms",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Nominative",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Genitive",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Dative",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Irish]; cleaned text: Forms with the definite article",
"path": [
"pluma"
],
"section": "Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pluma",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.