"perceive" meaning in All languages combined

See perceive on Wiktionary

Verb [English]

IPA: /pəˈsiːv/ [Received-Pronunciation], /pɚˈsiv/ [General-American] Audio: en-us-perceive.ogg [US] Forms: perceives [present, singular, third-person], perceiving [participle, present], perceived [participle, past], perceived [past]
Rhymes: -iːv Etymology: From Middle English perceiven, borrowed from Old French percevoir, perceveir, from Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”); see capable. Compare conceive, deceive, receive. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*keh₂p-}}, {{inh|en|enm|perceiven}} Middle English perceiven, {{der|en|fro|percevoir}} Old French percevoir, {{m|fro|perceveir}} perceveir, {{der|en|la|percipiō}} Latin percipiō, {{m|la|perceptus||take hold of, obtain, receive, observe}} perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), {{m|la|per||by, through}} per (“by, through”), {{m|la|capiō||to take}} capiō (“to take”), {{m|en|capable}} capable, {{m|en|conceive}} conceive, {{m|en|deceive}} deceive, {{m|en|receive}} receive Head templates: {{en-verb}} perceive (third-person singular simple present perceives, present participle perceiving, simple past and past participle perceived)
  1. (transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand. Tags: transitive Translations (to become aware of): αἰσθάνομαι (aisthánomai) (Ancient Greek), ὁράω (horáō) [participle, with-accusative] (Ancient Greek), μανθάνω (manthánō) (Ancient Greek), أَدْرَكَ (ʔadraka) (Arabic), وَعَى (waʕā) (Arabic), فَهِمَ (fahima) (Arabic), успрыма́ць (usprymácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), успрыйма́ць (uspryjmácʹ) [imperfective] (Belarusian), успрыня́ць (usprynjácʹ) [perfective] (Belarusian), възприе́мам (vǎzpriémam) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), възприе́ма (vǎzpriéma) [perfective] (Bulgarian), разби́рам (razbíram) [imperfective] (Bulgarian), разбера́ (razberá) [perfective] (Bulgarian), percebre (Catalan), 察覺 (Chinese Mandarin), 察觉 (chájué) (Chinese Mandarin), 感知 (gǎnzhī) (Chinese Mandarin), 知覺 (Chinese Mandarin), 知觉 (zhījué) (Chinese Mandarin), vnímat [imperfective] (Czech), begribe (Danish), waarnemen (Dutch), senti (Esperanto), tajuma (Estonian), huomata (Finnish), havaita (Finnish), tajuta (Finnish), oivaltaa (Finnish), hahmottaa (Finnish), percevoir (French), percibir (Galician), wahrnehmen (German), 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fraþjan) (Gothic), αντιλαμβάνομαι (antilamvánomai) (Greek), felfog (Hungarian), észlel (Hungarian), skynja (Icelandic), perciper (Interlingua), airigh (Irish), percepire (Italian), 知覚する (chikaku suru) (alt: ちかくする) (Japanese), 認める (mitomeru) (alt: みとめる) (Japanese), 気付く (kidzuku) (alt: きづく) (Japanese), 感知する (kanchi suru) (alt: かんちする) (Japanese), 감지하다 (gamjihada) (Korean), 지각하다 (jigakhada) (Korean), sāgiō (Latin), video (Latin), dispicio (Latin), dispecto (Latin), zawupytnuś [perfective] (Lower Sorbian), zawupytaś [perfective] (Lower Sorbian), markowaś [imperfective] (Lower Sorbian), wumarkowaś [perfective] (Lower Sorbian), согледува (sogleduva) [imperfective] (Macedonian), согледа (sogleda) [perfective] (Macedonian), mau (Maori), onġietan (Old English), airigidir (Old Irish), درک کردن (english: dark kardan) (Persian), dostrzegać [imperfective] (Polish), dostrzec [perfective] (Polish), perceber (Portuguese), entender (Portuguese), compreender (Portuguese), realiza (Romanian), pricepe (Romanian), înțelege (Romanian), воспринима́ть (vosprinimátʹ) [imperfective] (Russian), восприня́ть (vosprinjátʹ) [perfective] (Russian), fairich (Scottish Gaelic), vnímať [imperfective] (Slovak), percibir (Spanish), entender (Spanish), kutambua (Swahili), begripa (Swedish), uppfatta (Swedish), förnimma (Swedish), รับรู้ (ráp-rúu) (Thai), เข้าใจ (kâo-jai) (Thai), algılamak (Turkish), сприйма́ти (spryjmáty) [imperfective] (Ukrainian), сприйня́ти (spryjnjáty) [perfective] (Ukrainian), canfod (Welsh), dirnad (Welsh), amgyffred (Welsh), sylwi (Welsh), sylweddoli (Welsh), şık berden (Zazaki), şok bıyayen (Zazaki), idrak kerden (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-perceive-en-verb-dQZQ9QWE Disambiguation of 'to become aware of': 98 2
  2. To interpret something in a particular way
    Sense id: en-perceive-en-verb-kYzjfQR6 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 29 71
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: ken, perceave [obsolete], discern, make out, perceive, sense Hypernyms: detect Hyponyms: feel, hear, olfact, taste, see Related terms: perception, percept

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for perceive meaning in All languages combined (15.6kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "produce sensation"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*keh₂p-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "perceiven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English perceiven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "percevoir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French percevoir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "perceveir"
      },
      "expansion": "perceveir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "percipiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin percipiō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "perceptus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "take hold of, obtain, receive, observe"
      },
      "expansion": "perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by, through"
      },
      "expansion": "per (“by, through”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "capiō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to take"
      },
      "expansion": "capiō (“to take”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "capable"
      },
      "expansion": "capable",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "conceive"
      },
      "expansion": "conceive",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "deceive"
      },
      "expansion": "deceive",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "receive"
      },
      "expansion": "receive",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English perceiven, borrowed from Old French percevoir, perceveir, from Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”); see capable. Compare conceive, deceive, receive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perceives",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perceiving",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perceived",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perceived",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perceive (third-person singular simple present perceives, present participle perceiving, simple past and past participle perceived)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "detect"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per‧ceive"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "feel"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "hear"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "olfact"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "taste"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "see"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "perception"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "percept"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012 March-April, Colin Allen, “Do I See What You See?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-04-26, page 168",
          "text": "Numerous experimental tests and other observations have been offered in favor of animal mind reading, and although many scientists are skeptical, others assert that humans are not the only species capable of representing what others do and don’t perceive and know.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand."
      ],
      "id": "en-perceive-en-verb-dQZQ9QWE",
      "links": [
        [
          "aware",
          "aware"
        ],
        [
          "sense",
          "sense"
        ],
        [
          "see",
          "see"
        ],
        [
          "understand",
          "understand"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ʔadraka",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "أَدْرَكَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "waʕā",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "وَعَى"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "fahima",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "فَهِمَ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "usprymácʹ",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "успрыма́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "uspryjmácʹ",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "успрыйма́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "usprynjácʹ",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "успрыня́ць"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vǎzpriémam",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "възприе́мам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "vǎzpriéma",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "възприе́ма"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "razbíram",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "разби́рам"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "razberá",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "разбера́"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "percebre"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "察覺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "chájué",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "察觉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "gǎnzhī",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "感知"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "知覺"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "zhījué",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "知觉"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "vnímat"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "begribe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "waarnemen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "eo",
          "lang": "Esperanto",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "senti"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "tajuma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "huomata"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "havaita"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "tajuta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "oivaltaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "hahmottaa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "percevoir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "percibir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "wahrnehmen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "got",
          "lang": "Gothic",
          "roman": "fraþjan",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "antilamvánomai",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "αντιλαμβάνομαι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "aisthánomai",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "αἰσθάνομαι"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "horáō",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "participle",
            "with-accusative"
          ],
          "word": "ὁράω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "manthánō",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "μανθάνω"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "felfog"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "észlel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "is",
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "skynja"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ia",
          "lang": "Interlingua",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "perciper"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "airigh"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sga",
          "lang": "Old Irish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "airigidir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "percepire"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "ちかくする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "chikaku suru",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "知覚する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "みとめる",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "mitomeru",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "認める"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "きづく",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kidzuku",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "気付く"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "alt": "かんちする",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "kanchi suru",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "感知する"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "gamjihada",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "감지하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "jigakhada",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "지각하다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "sāgiō"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "video"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "dispicio"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "dispecto"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "sogleduva",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "согледува"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "sogleda",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "согледа"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "mau"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "onġietan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "fa",
          "english": "dark kardan",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "درک کردن"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "dostrzegać"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "dostrzec"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "perceber"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "entender"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "compreender"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "realiza"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "pricepe"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "înțelege"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vosprinimátʹ",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "воспринима́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "vosprinjátʹ",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "восприня́ть"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "fairich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "vnímať"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zawupytnuś"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "zawupytaś"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "markowaś"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "dsb",
          "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "wumarkowaś"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "percibir"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "entender"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sw",
          "lang": "Swahili",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "kutambua"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "begripa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "uppfatta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "förnimma"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "ráp-rúu",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "รับรู้"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "th",
          "lang": "Thai",
          "roman": "kâo-jai",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "เข้าใจ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "algılamak"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "spryjmáty",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "imperfective"
          ],
          "word": "сприйма́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "spryjnjáty",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "tags": [
            "perfective"
          ],
          "word": "сприйня́ти"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "canfod"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "dirnad"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "amgyffred"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "sylwi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "cy",
          "lang": "Welsh",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "sylweddoli"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "şık berden"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "şok bıyayen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "98 2",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "to become aware of",
          "word": "idrak kerden"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "John was perceived to be a coward by his comrades"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To interpret something in a particular way"
      ],
      "id": "en-perceive-en-verb-kYzjfQR6"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈsiːv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɚˈsiv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːv"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-perceive.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/En-us-perceive.ogg/En-us-perceive.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/En-us-perceive.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "ken"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "perceave"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "discern"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "make out"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "perceive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "sense"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perceive"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "produce sensation"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "English 2-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂p-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/iːv",
    "Rhymes:English/iːv/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*keh₂p-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "perceiven"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English perceiven",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "percevoir"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French percevoir",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "perceveir"
      },
      "expansion": "perceveir",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "percipiō"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin percipiō",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "perceptus",
        "3": "",
        "4": "take hold of, obtain, receive, observe"
      },
      "expansion": "perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "per",
        "3": "",
        "4": "by, through"
      },
      "expansion": "per (“by, through”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "capiō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to take"
      },
      "expansion": "capiō (“to take”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "capable"
      },
      "expansion": "capable",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "conceive"
      },
      "expansion": "conceive",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "deceive"
      },
      "expansion": "deceive",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "receive"
      },
      "expansion": "receive",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English perceiven, borrowed from Old French percevoir, perceveir, from Latin percipiō, past participle perceptus (“take hold of, obtain, receive, observe”), from per (“by, through”) + capiō (“to take”); see capable. Compare conceive, deceive, receive.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "perceives",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perceiving",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perceived",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "perceived",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "perceive (third-person singular simple present perceives, present participle perceiving, simple past and past participle perceived)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hypernyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "detect"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "per‧ceive"
  ],
  "hyponyms": [
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "feel"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "hear"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "olfact"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "taste"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "see"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "perception"
    },
    {
      "word": "percept"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2012 March-April, Colin Allen, “Do I See What You See?”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 2, archived from the original on 2012-04-26, page 168",
          "text": "Numerous experimental tests and other observations have been offered in favor of animal mind reading, and although many scientists are skeptical, others assert that humans are not the only species capable of representing what others do and don’t perceive and know.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aware",
          "aware"
        ],
        [
          "sense",
          "sense"
        ],
        [
          "see",
          "see"
        ],
        [
          "understand",
          "understand"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "John was perceived to be a coward by his comrades"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To interpret something in a particular way"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/pəˈsiːv/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/pɚˈsiv/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-iːv"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-perceive.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/En-us-perceive.ogg/En-us-perceive.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/En-us-perceive.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "ken"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "perceave"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "discern"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "make out"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "perceive"
    },
    {
      "source": "Thesaurus:perceive",
      "word": "sense"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ʔadraka",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "أَدْرَكَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "waʕā",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "وَعَى"
    },
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "fahima",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "فَهِمَ"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "usprymácʹ",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "успрыма́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "uspryjmácʹ",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "успрыйма́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "usprynjácʹ",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "успрыня́ць"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vǎzpriémam",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "възприе́мам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "vǎzpriéma",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "възприе́ма"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "razbíram",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "разби́рам"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "razberá",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "разбера́"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "percebre"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "察覺"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "chájué",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "察觉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "gǎnzhī",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "感知"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "知覺"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "zhījué",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "知觉"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "vnímat"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "begribe"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "waarnemen"
    },
    {
      "code": "eo",
      "lang": "Esperanto",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "senti"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "tajuma"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "huomata"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "havaita"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "tajuta"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "oivaltaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "hahmottaa"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "percevoir"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "percibir"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "wahrnehmen"
    },
    {
      "code": "got",
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "roman": "fraþjan",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "antilamvánomai",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "αντιλαμβάνομαι"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "aisthánomai",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "αἰσθάνομαι"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "horáō",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "with-accusative"
      ],
      "word": "ὁράω"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "manthánō",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "μανθάνω"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "felfog"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "észlel"
    },
    {
      "code": "is",
      "lang": "Icelandic",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "skynja"
    },
    {
      "code": "ia",
      "lang": "Interlingua",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "perciper"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "airigh"
    },
    {
      "code": "sga",
      "lang": "Old Irish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "airigidir"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "percepire"
    },
    {
      "alt": "ちかくする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "chikaku suru",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "知覚する"
    },
    {
      "alt": "みとめる",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "mitomeru",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "認める"
    },
    {
      "alt": "きづく",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kidzuku",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "気付く"
    },
    {
      "alt": "かんちする",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "kanchi suru",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "感知する"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "gamjihada",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "감지하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "jigakhada",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "지각하다"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "sāgiō"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "video"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "dispicio"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "dispecto"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "sogleduva",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "согледува"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "sogleda",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "согледа"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "mau"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "onġietan"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "english": "dark kardan",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "درک کردن"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "dostrzegać"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "dostrzec"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "perceber"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "entender"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "compreender"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "realiza"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "pricepe"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "înțelege"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vosprinimátʹ",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "воспринима́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "vosprinjátʹ",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "восприня́ть"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "fairich"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "vnímať"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zawupytnuś"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "zawupytaś"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "markowaś"
    },
    {
      "code": "dsb",
      "lang": "Lower Sorbian",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "wumarkowaś"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "percibir"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "entender"
    },
    {
      "code": "sw",
      "lang": "Swahili",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "kutambua"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "begripa"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "uppfatta"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "förnimma"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "ráp-rúu",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "รับรู้"
    },
    {
      "code": "th",
      "lang": "Thai",
      "roman": "kâo-jai",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "เข้าใจ"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "algılamak"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "spryjmáty",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ],
      "word": "сприйма́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "spryjnjáty",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ],
      "word": "сприйня́ти"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "canfod"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "dirnad"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "amgyffred"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "sylwi"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "sylweddoli"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "şık berden"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "şok bıyayen"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "to become aware of",
      "word": "idrak kerden"
    }
  ],
  "word": "perceive"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.