See onus on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for onus meaning in All languages combined (16.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃enh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "onus",
"lit": "burden"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (literally “burden”)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (literally “burden”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "onuses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "es",
"3": "onera"
},
"expansion": "onus (countable and uncountable, plural onuses or onera)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The onus is on the landlord to make sure the walls are protected from mildew.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A legal obligation."
],
"id": "en-onus-en-noun-40pZ59Yu",
"links": [
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎlženie",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "задължение"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "povinnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odpovědnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "břímě"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "last"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "responsabilité"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pflicht"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dualgas"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "onere"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gimu",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "義務"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekinin",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "責任"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ısr",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "اصر"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obowiązek prawny"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pravovoje objazatelʹstvo",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "правовое обязательство"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "objazatelʹstvo",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "обязательство"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "obaveza"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obligación"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "sorumluluk"
},
{
"_dis1": "89 2 1 1 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "yük"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 61 18 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 49 27 15 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1883, Henry Drummond, Natural Law in the Spiritual World",
"text": "The argument is founded on a principle which is now acknowledged to be universal; and the onus of disproof must lie with those who may be bold enough to take up the position that a region exists where at last the Principle of Continuity fails.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Burden of proof, onus probandi."
],
"id": "en-onus-en-noun-g6yCz0gy",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Burden of proof",
"burden of proof"
],
[
"onus probandi",
"onus probandi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Burden of proof, onus probandi."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "důkazní břemeno"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "důkazní povinnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "last"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bewijslast"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "charge de la preuve"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beweislast"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Onus"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sönnunarbyrði"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "onere della prova"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekinin",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "責任"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ciężar dowodu"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bremja dokazatelʹstva",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бремя доказательства"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teret dokaza"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 77 3 5 14",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carga de la prueba"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, Dorothy Mermin, Godiva's Ride: Women of Letters in England, 1830-1880, page 19",
"text": "Geraldine evades the onus of ambition by subordinating it to the service of her family, and escapes the onus of sexuality by bodily mutilation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stigma."
],
"id": "en-onus-en-noun-QP0u87SR",
"links": [
[
"Stigma",
"stigma"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 88 4 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stigma",
"word": "estigma"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State, page 6",
"text": "... what might be called \"onus-shifting\" — each side trying to make a record and place blame on the other for the division of Europe and the Cold War itself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Blame."
],
"id": "en-onus-en-noun-txqDIoET",
"links": [
[
"Blame",
"blame"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 4 3 85 8",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekinin",
"sense": "blame",
"word": "責任"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 3 85 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "blame",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "breme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 4 3 85 8",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "blame",
"word": "culpa"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The onus is on those who disagree with my proposal to explain why.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Beatles with Brian Roylance, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, The Beatles Anthology, page 174",
"text": "The onus isn't on us to produce something great every time. The onus is on the public to decide whether they like it or not.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 September 6, Anthony Lambert, “Train paths: more space for freight?”, in RAIL, number 991, page 34",
"text": "This throws the onus on freight operators' train planners to devise ingenious solutions to finding new paths.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Responsibility; burden."
],
"id": "en-onus-en-noun-PStkDu0h",
"links": [
[
"Responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 11 2 7 76",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "responsibility, burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "povinnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 11 2 7 76",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "responsibility, burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odpovědnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 11 2 7 76",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "responsibility, burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "břímě"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈəʊnəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈoʊnəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊnəs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-onus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-onus.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/En-us-onus.oga/En-us-onus.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/En-us-onus.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"word": "onus"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "onus",
"t": "burden"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (“burden”)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (“burden”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "onussen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onusje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "onusje",
"pl2": "onera"
},
"expansion": "onus m (plural onussen or onera, diminutive onusje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"burden"
],
"id": "en-onus-nl-noun-4M9SGF1S",
"links": [
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-onus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Nl-onus.ogg/Nl-onus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Nl-onus.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "onus"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onerārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onerō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onerōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onustus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "onus probandī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "gravis onus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "onus",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: onus (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: onus (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "onus",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: onus (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: onus (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Onus",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Onus (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Onus (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "onere"
},
"expansion": "Italian: onere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: onere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "òniri"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: òniri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: òniri"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ónus"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: ónus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: ónus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃enh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*onos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *onos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃énh₂os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃énh₂os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃enh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃enh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अनस्",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy cart; mother; birth; offspring",
"tr": "ánas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अनस् (ánas, “heavy cart; mother; birth; offspring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνομαι",
"3": "",
"4": "impugn, quarrel with"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνομαι (ónomai, “impugn, quarrel with”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *onos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃énh₂os, from the root *h₃enh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit अनस् (ánas, “heavy cart; mother; birth; offspring”). See Ancient Greek ὄνομαι (ónomai, “impugn, quarrel with”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "oneris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "onus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oneris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "onerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onerī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oneribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oneribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onus/oner<3>"
},
"expansion": "onus n (genitive oneris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onus/oner<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "75 7 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 6 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"burden, load"
],
"id": "en-onus-la-noun-VB0Hewgn",
"links": [
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"load",
"load"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mōlēs"
},
{
"word": "pondus"
},
{
"word": "gravitās"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cargo, freight"
],
"id": "en-onus-la-noun-NnVYWMDu",
"links": [
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 12 56",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Taxation",
"orig": "la:Taxation",
"parents": [
"Government",
"Law",
"Money",
"Politics",
"Society",
"Justice",
"Business",
"All topics",
"Economics",
"Fundamental",
"Social sciences",
"Sciences"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tax, tax burden"
],
"id": "en-onus-la-noun-bZzPVeDP",
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tax, tax burden"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.nus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɔnʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.nus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɔːnus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "onus"
}
{
"categories": [
"la:Taxation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "onus",
"t": "burden"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (“burden”)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (“burden”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "onussen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onusje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "-en",
"3": "onusje",
"pl2": "onera"
},
"expansion": "onus m (plural onussen or onera, diminutive onusje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch learned borrowings from Latin",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch masculine nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with Latin plurals",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms with audio links"
],
"glosses": [
"burden"
],
"links": [
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Nl-onus.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Nl-onus.ogg/Nl-onus.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Nl-onus.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "onus"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃enh₂-",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/əʊnəs",
"Rhymes:English/əʊnəs/2 syllables",
"la:Taxation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃enh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "onus",
"lit": "burden"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (literally “burden”)",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin onus (literally “burden”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "onuses",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~",
"2": "es",
"3": "onera"
},
"expansion": "onus (countable and uncountable, plural onuses or onera)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The onus is on the landlord to make sure the walls are protected from mildew.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A legal obligation."
],
"links": [
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"obligation",
"obligation"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1883, Henry Drummond, Natural Law in the Spiritual World",
"text": "The argument is founded on a principle which is now acknowledged to be universal; and the onus of disproof must lie with those who may be bold enough to take up the position that a region exists where at last the Principle of Continuity fails.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Burden of proof, onus probandi."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"Burden of proof",
"burden of proof"
],
[
"onus probandi",
"onus probandi"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law) Burden of proof, onus probandi."
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1993, Dorothy Mermin, Godiva's Ride: Women of Letters in England, 1830-1880, page 19",
"text": "Geraldine evades the onus of ambition by subordinating it to the service of her family, and escapes the onus of sexuality by bodily mutilation",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Stigma."
],
"links": [
[
"Stigma",
"stigma"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1977, Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State, page 6",
"text": "... what might be called \"onus-shifting\" — each side trying to make a record and place blame on the other for the division of Europe and the Cold War itself.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Blame."
],
"links": [
[
"Blame",
"blame"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "The onus is on those who disagree with my proposal to explain why.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Beatles with Brian Roylance, Paul McCartney, John Lennon, George Harrison, and Ringo Starr, The Beatles Anthology, page 174",
"text": "The onus isn't on us to produce something great every time. The onus is on the public to decide whether they like it or not.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2023 September 6, Anthony Lambert, “Train paths: more space for freight?”, in RAIL, number 991, page 34",
"text": "This throws the onus on freight operators' train planners to devise ingenious solutions to finding new paths.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Responsibility; burden."
],
"links": [
[
"Responsibility",
"responsibility"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈəʊnəs/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈoʊnəs/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-əʊnəs"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-onus.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/68/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-onus.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-onus.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/En-us-onus.oga/En-us-onus.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/En-us-onus.oga",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zadǎlženie",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "задължение"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "povinnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odpovědnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "břímě"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "last"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "plicht"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "responsabilité"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Pflicht"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dualgas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "onere"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gimu",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "義務"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekinin",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "責任"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "ısr",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "اصر"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "obowiązek prawny"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pravovoje objazatelʹstvo",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "правовое обязательство"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "objazatelʹstvo",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "обязательство"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "obaveza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "obligación"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "sorumluluk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "legal obligation",
"word": "yük"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "důkazní břemeno"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "důkazní povinnost"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "last"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bewijslast"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "charge de la preuve"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Beweislast"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"dated",
"neuter"
],
"word": "Onus"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "sönnunarbyrði"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "onere della prova"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekinin",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"word": "責任"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ciężar dowodu"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bremja dokazatelʹstva",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "бремя доказательства"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "teret dokaza"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "burden of proof",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "carga de la prueba"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "stigma",
"word": "estigma"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "sekinin",
"sense": "blame",
"word": "責任"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "blame",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "breme"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "blame",
"word": "culpa"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "responsibility, burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "povinnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "responsibility, burden",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "odpovědnost"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "responsibility, burden",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "břímě"
}
],
"word": "onus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃enh₂-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns",
"la:Taxation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "onerārius"
},
{
"word": "onerō"
},
{
"word": "onerōsus"
},
{
"word": "onustus"
},
{
"word": "onus probandī"
},
{
"word": "gravis onus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "onus",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Dutch: onus (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Dutch: onus (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "onus",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: onus (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: onus (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Onus",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Onus (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Onus (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "onere"
},
"expansion": "Italian: onere",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: onere"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "òniri"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: òniri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: òniri"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ónus"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: ónus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: ónus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃enh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*onos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *onos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃énh₂os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃énh₂os",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₃enh₂-"
},
"expansion": "*h₃enh₂-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अनस्",
"3": "",
"4": "heavy cart; mother; birth; offspring",
"tr": "ánas"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit अनस् (ánas, “heavy cart; mother; birth; offspring”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὄνομαι",
"3": "",
"4": "impugn, quarrel with"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὄνομαι (ónomai, “impugn, quarrel with”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *onos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃énh₂os, from the root *h₃enh₂-. Cognate with Sanskrit अनस् (ánas, “heavy cart; mother; birth; offspring”). See Ancient Greek ὄνομαι (ónomai, “impugn, quarrel with”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "oneris",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "onus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "oneris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "onerum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onerī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oneribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "oneribus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "onus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "onera",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onus/oner<3>"
},
"expansion": "onus n (genitive oneris); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "onus/oner<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"burden, load"
],
"links": [
[
"burden",
"burden"
],
[
"load",
"load"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "mōlēs"
},
{
"word": "pondus"
},
{
"word": "gravitās"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cargo, freight"
],
"links": [
[
"cargo",
"cargo"
],
[
"freight",
"freight"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tax, tax burden"
],
"links": [
[
"tax",
"tax"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tax, tax burden"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.nus/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɔnʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈo.nus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɔːnus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "onus"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.