See luft on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft",
"4": "",
"5": "air"
},
"expansion": "German Luft (“air”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lift",
"3": "loft"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lift and loft",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Luft (“air”). Doublet of lift and loft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "luft (plural lufts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Chess",
"orig": "en:Chess",
"parents": [
"Board games",
"Tabletop games",
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece moved in front of a king to prevent a back-rank mate."
],
"id": "en-luft-en-noun-pBQ3XrIU",
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"mate",
"mate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) A piece moved in front of a king to prevent a back-rank mate."
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Flight square#Luft"
]
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Luft",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Luft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luftě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "luft m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.locě:u"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-cs-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vzduch"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈluft]"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German luft",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "osx",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon luft",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft",
"t": "air"
},
"expansion": "German Luft (“air”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "loft",
"3": "",
"4": "attic"
},
"expansion": "Danish loft (“attic”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lugt",
"3": "",
"4": "smell"
},
"expansion": "Danish lugt (“smell”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German luft, lucht (“air, smell”), from Old Saxon luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu. Probably influenced by German Luft (“air”). It is a cognate of Danish loft (“attic”) and Danish lugt (“smell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "luften",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "luften",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "luft c (definite singular luften)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "luftmodstand"
},
{
"word": "luftskib"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-da-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔfd]"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fo",
"name": "Chemistry",
"orig": "fo:Chemistry",
"parents": [
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gml",
"3": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lucht",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "osx",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon luft",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German lucht, from Old Saxon luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "luftar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f2-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "luft f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "luftar",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "luft f (genitive singular luftar, uncountable)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "luft"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f2-s"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "skýggj"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tora"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "snarljós"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-fo-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fo",
"name": "Weather",
"orig": "fo:Weather",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"atmosphere, sky"
],
"id": "en-luft-fo-noun-CvzTHeYj",
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lʊft]"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lift",
"t": "the sky, atmosphere"
},
"expansion": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lift",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lift, luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lift, luft"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lyft",
"4": "",
"5": "air, atmosphere, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz",
"4": "",
"5": "air, upper region"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lofte"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lofte",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”). More at lift. Doublet of lofte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lüft",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"head": "lüft"
},
"expansion": "lüft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-enm-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"atmosphere"
],
"id": "en-luft-enm-noun-v9Wo7XNX",
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 7 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"heavens, sky, firmament"
],
"id": "en-luft-enm-noun-m2u89n9o",
"links": [
[
"heavens",
"heavens"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
],
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lift(e)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "left(e)"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lüfte"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luften",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjelluft"
},
{
"word": "fjell-luft"
},
{
"word": "friluft"
},
{
"word": "luftangrep"
},
{
"word": "luftboble"
},
{
"word": "luftbåren"
},
{
"word": "luftdyktig"
},
{
"word": "luftfart"
},
{
"word": "luftfartøy"
},
{
"word": "luftfilter"
},
{
"word": "luftforurensning"
},
{
"word": "luftfoto"
},
{
"word": "luftfuktighet"
},
{
"word": "luftfylt"
},
{
"word": "lufthavn"
},
{
"word": "luftig"
},
{
"word": "luftinntak"
},
{
"word": "luftkondisjonering"
},
{
"word": "luftmasse"
},
{
"word": "luftmotstand"
},
{
"word": "luftrenser"
},
{
"word": "luftrom"
},
{
"word": "luftrør"
},
{
"word": "luftsirkulasjon"
},
{
"word": "luftskip"
},
{
"word": "luftslange"
},
{
"word": "luftstrøm"
},
{
"word": "luftstøtte"
},
{
"word": "lufttemperatur"
},
{
"word": "lufttett"
},
{
"word": "lufttrykk"
},
{
"word": "luftvei"
},
{
"word": "varmluft"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-nb-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:luft"
]
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lucht",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German lucht.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjelluft"
},
{
"word": "fjell-luft"
},
{
"word": "friluft"
},
{
"word": "luftangrep"
},
{
"word": "luftboble"
},
{
"word": "luftdyktig"
},
{
"word": "luftfart"
},
{
"word": "luftfartøy"
},
{
"word": "luftfilter"
},
{
"word": "luftfylt"
},
{
"word": "lufthamn"
},
{
"word": "luftig"
},
{
"word": "luftinntak"
},
{
"word": "luftkondisjonering"
},
{
"word": "luftmasse"
},
{
"word": "luftmotstand"
},
{
"word": "luftrom"
},
{
"word": "luftsirkulasjon"
},
{
"word": "luftskip"
},
{
"word": "luftslange"
},
{
"word": "luftstøtte"
},
{
"word": "lufttemperatur"
},
{
"word": "lufttett"
},
{
"word": "lufttrykk"
},
{
"word": "varmluft"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-nn-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:luft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʉft/"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "loft",
"gloss": "the sky"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: loft (“the sky”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: loft (“the sky”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz",
"4": "",
"5": "air, upper region"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "luft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-ofs-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the sky"
],
"id": "en-luft-ofs-noun-6ZFUnITO",
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lufte"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "do luftu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "luftować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "goh",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Luft",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lift",
"3": "loft"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lift and loft",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Luft. Doublet of lift and loft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufcik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "lufcik"
},
"expansion": "luft m inan (diminutive lufcik)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"luft"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Architectural elements",
"orig": "pl:Architectural elements",
"parents": [
"Architecture",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 3 3 13 3 3 47 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 2 2 10 2 2 60 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "98 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish singularia tantum",
"parents": [
"Singularia tantum",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke"
],
"id": "en-luft-pl-noun-2cIFrwpA",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"stove",
"stove"
],
[
"chimney",
"chimney"
],
[
"kitchen",
"kitchen"
],
[
"carries away",
"carry away"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, architecture) pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Poznań Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Air",
"orig": "pl:Air",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-pl-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, Poznań) air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powietrze"
}
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluft/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uft"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Middle English luft",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lyft",
"t": "the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere"
},
"expansion": "Old English lyft (“the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English luft, lufte, from Old English lyft (“the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"cat2": "uncountable nouns",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "luft (uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "luft (uncountable)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lift"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1898, David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (in English), page 437:",
"text": "Bothwell told Sir James Melville that he saw the strangest accident that ever chancit, to wit the powder cam out of the luft [i.e. the sky], and had brunt the Kingis house, and himself found lying dead a litle distance from the house under a tre;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1977, Douglas Young, Clara Young, David D. Murison, A Clear Voice: Douglas Young, Poet and Polymath (in English), page 39:",
"text": "Gesserant sails on a skinklan frith, gowd-yalla luft and blue o the sea",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Review of Scottish Culture - Issues 10-12 (in English), page 101:",
"text": "[…]kind of phonetic spelling which resembles Elphinston's recommendations for an orthographic reform as issued in the eighteenth century, so his proverbs and sayings have to be practically translated: Gin dhe luft wuz tay faw, dhe laivruks wud bee smuird – if the sky were to fall, the larks would be smothered.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lift"
],
"id": "en-luft-sco-noun-fwSpOOvk",
"links": [
[
"lift",
"lift#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "German Luft",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Luft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lȕft",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "лу̏фт",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "lȕft"
},
"expansion": "lȕft m (Cyrillic spelling лу̏фт)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-sh-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vàzdūh"
},
{
"word": "zrȃk"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lûft/"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Luft",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Luft.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "luft m inan",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"luft"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "szl",
"name": "Air",
"orig": "szl:Air",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-szl-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powietrze"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluft/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uft"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "German Luft",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from German Luft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luften",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "luft c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "luft c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 13 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "sv",
"name": "Air",
"orig": "sv:Air",
"parents": [
"Atmosphere",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "to explode, to blow up",
"word": "flyga i luften"
},
{
"english": "to build castles in the air",
"word": "bygga luftslott"
},
{
"word": "frilufts-"
},
{
"word": "luftherravälde"
},
{
"word": "lufthunger"
},
{
"word": "luftmotstånd"
},
{
"word": "luftskepp"
},
{
"word": "luftslott"
},
{
"word": "luftvärn"
},
{
"word": "luftöverlägsenhet"
},
{
"english": "made up; taken out of the air",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "tagen ur luften"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to breathe air",
"text": "att andas luft",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "up in the air",
"text": "uppe i luften",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"id": "en-luft-sv-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "lufta"
}
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-luft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Sv-luft.ogg/Sv-luft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Sv-luft.ogg"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Luft",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Luft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "inanimate",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cs-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftů",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftům",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lufte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "luftě",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftech",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luftem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufty",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "luft m inan",
"name": "cs-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m.locě:u"
},
"name": "cs-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Czech entries with incorrect language header",
"Czech hard masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech inanimate nouns",
"Czech informal terms",
"Czech lemmas",
"Czech masculine inanimate nouns",
"Czech masculine nouns",
"Czech nouns",
"Czech terms borrowed from German",
"Czech terms derived from German",
"Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vzduch"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"informal",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈluft]"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "luftmodstand"
},
{
"word": "luftskib"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gml",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German luft",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "osx",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon luft",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft",
"t": "air"
},
"expansion": "German Luft (“air”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "loft",
"3": "",
"4": "attic"
},
"expansion": "Danish loft (“attic”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lugt",
"3": "",
"4": "smell"
},
"expansion": "Danish lugt (“smell”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German luft, lucht (“air, smell”), from Old Saxon luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu. Probably influenced by German Luft (“air”). It is a cognate of Danish loft (“attic”) and Danish lugt (“smell”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "luften",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite singular",
"4": "luften",
"g": "c"
},
"expansion": "luft c (definite singular luften)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Danish common-gender nouns",
"Danish entries with incorrect language header",
"Danish lemmas",
"Danish nouns",
"Danish terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Danish terms derived from German",
"Danish terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Danish terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Danish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Danish uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈlɔfd]"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft",
"4": "",
"5": "air"
},
"expansion": "German Luft (“air”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lift",
"3": "loft"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lift and loft",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Luft (“air”). Doublet of lift and loft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufts",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "luft (plural lufts)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"en:Chess"
],
"glosses": [
"A piece moved in front of a king to prevent a back-rank mate."
],
"links": [
[
"chess",
"chess"
],
[
"king",
"king"
],
[
"mate",
"mate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chess) A piece moved in front of a king to prevent a back-rank mate."
],
"topics": [
"board-games",
"chess",
"games"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Flight square#Luft"
]
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"categories": [
"Faroese entries with incorrect language header",
"Faroese feminine nouns",
"Faroese lemmas",
"Faroese nouns",
"Faroese terms borrowed from Middle Low German",
"Faroese terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Faroese terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Faroese terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Faroese uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fo:Chemistry",
"fo:Weather"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gml",
"3": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lucht",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "osx",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon luft",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German lucht, from Old Saxon luft, from Proto-West Germanic *luftu.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "luftar",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fo-decl-noun-f2-s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftarinnar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "luft f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "luftar",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "luft f (genitive singular luftar, uncountable)",
"name": "fo-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "luft"
},
"name": "fo-decl-noun-f2-s"
}
],
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "skýggj"
},
{
"word": "tora"
},
{
"word": "snarljós"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"atmosphere, sky"
],
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[lʊft]"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lift",
"t": "the sky, atmosphere"
},
"expansion": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lift",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lift, luft",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lift, luft"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lyft",
"4": "",
"5": "air, atmosphere, firmament"
},
"expansion": "Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz",
"4": "",
"5": "air, upper region"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lofte"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lofte",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”). More at lift. Doublet of lofte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lüft",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"head": "lüft"
},
"expansion": "lüft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"atmosphere"
],
"links": [
[
"atmosphere",
"atmosphere"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"heavens, sky, firmament"
],
"links": [
[
"heavens",
"heavens"
],
[
"sky",
"sky"
],
[
"firmament",
"firmament"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lift(e)"
},
{
"word": "left(e)"
},
{
"word": "lüfte"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjelluft"
},
{
"word": "fjell-luft"
},
{
"word": "friluft"
},
{
"word": "luftangrep"
},
{
"word": "luftboble"
},
{
"word": "luftbåren"
},
{
"word": "luftdyktig"
},
{
"word": "luftfart"
},
{
"word": "luftfartøy"
},
{
"word": "luftfilter"
},
{
"word": "luftforurensning"
},
{
"word": "luftfoto"
},
{
"word": "luftfuktighet"
},
{
"word": "luftfylt"
},
{
"word": "lufthavn"
},
{
"word": "luftig"
},
{
"word": "luftinntak"
},
{
"word": "luftkondisjonering"
},
{
"word": "luftmasse"
},
{
"word": "luftmotstand"
},
{
"word": "luftrenser"
},
{
"word": "luftrom"
},
{
"word": "luftrør"
},
{
"word": "luftsirkulasjon"
},
{
"word": "luftskip"
},
{
"word": "luftslange"
},
{
"word": "luftstrøm"
},
{
"word": "luftstøtte"
},
{
"word": "lufttemperatur"
},
{
"word": "lufttett"
},
{
"word": "lufttrykk"
},
{
"word": "luftvei"
},
{
"word": "varmluft"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luften",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål lemmas",
"Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns",
"Norwegian Bokmål nouns with multiple genders",
"Norwegian Bokmål uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"no:luft"
]
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fjelluft"
},
{
"word": "fjell-luft"
},
{
"word": "friluft"
},
{
"word": "luftangrep"
},
{
"word": "luftboble"
},
{
"word": "luftdyktig"
},
{
"word": "luftfart"
},
{
"word": "luftfartøy"
},
{
"word": "luftfilter"
},
{
"word": "luftfylt"
},
{
"word": "lufthamn"
},
{
"word": "luftig"
},
{
"word": "luftinntak"
},
{
"word": "luftkondisjonering"
},
{
"word": "luftmasse"
},
{
"word": "luftmotstand"
},
{
"word": "luftrom"
},
{
"word": "luftsirkulasjon"
},
{
"word": "luftskip"
},
{
"word": "luftslange"
},
{
"word": "luftstøtte"
},
{
"word": "lufttemperatur"
},
{
"word": "lufttett"
},
{
"word": "lufttrykk"
},
{
"word": "varmluft"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "gml",
"3": "lucht"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German lucht",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German lucht.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufta",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular"
]
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk feminine nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas",
"Norwegian Nynorsk nouns",
"Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
],
"wikipedia": [
"nn:luft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lʉft/"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Frisian lemmas",
"Old Frisian nouns",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Frisian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "loft",
"gloss": "the sky"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: loft (“the sky”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: loft (“the sky”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz",
"4": "",
"5": "air, upper region"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "luft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the sky"
],
"links": [
[
"sky",
"sky"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lufte"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish doublets",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish singularia tantum",
"Polish terms borrowed from German",
"Polish terms derived from German",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms derived from Old High German",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/uft",
"Rhymes:Polish/uft/1 syllable",
"pl:Air"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "do luftu"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "luftować"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "goh",
"4": "gmw-pro",
"5": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Luft",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "lift",
"3": "loft"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of lift and loft",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Luft. Doublet of lift and loft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lufcik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufcie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"dim": "lufcik"
},
"expansion": "luft m inan (diminutive lufcik)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"luft"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"tantum": "s"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with archaic senses",
"pl:Architectural elements"
],
"glosses": [
"pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke"
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"pipe",
"pipe"
],
[
"stove",
"stove"
],
[
"chimney",
"chimney"
],
[
"kitchen",
"kitchen"
],
[
"carries away",
"carry away"
],
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic, architecture) pipe in a stove, chimney, or kitchen that carries away smoke"
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish colloquialisms",
"Poznań Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial, Poznań) air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powietrze"
}
],
"tags": [
"Poznań",
"colloquial",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluft/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uft"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "enm",
"3": "luft"
},
"expansion": "Middle English luft",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lyft",
"t": "the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere"
},
"expansion": "Old English lyft (“the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*luftu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*luftuz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English luft, lufte, from Old English lyft (“the lower sky (as opposed to the upper atmosphere, or heavens), air, atmosphere”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "noun",
"3": "uncountable",
"cat2": "uncountable nouns",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "luft (uncountable)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "luft (uncountable)",
"name": "sco-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lift"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Scots entries with incorrect language header",
"Scots lemmas",
"Scots nouns",
"Scots terms derived from Middle English",
"Scots terms derived from Old English",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Middle English",
"Scots terms inherited from Old English",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Scots terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Scots terms with quotations",
"Scots uncountable nouns"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1898, David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (in English), page 437:",
"text": "Bothwell told Sir James Melville that he saw the strangest accident that ever chancit, to wit the powder cam out of the luft [i.e. the sky], and had brunt the Kingis house, and himself found lying dead a litle distance from the house under a tre;",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1977, Douglas Young, Clara Young, David D. Murison, A Clear Voice: Douglas Young, Poet and Polymath (in English), page 39:",
"text": "Gesserant sails on a skinklan frith, gowd-yalla luft and blue o the sea",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1996, Review of Scottish Culture - Issues 10-12 (in English), page 101:",
"text": "[…]kind of phonetic spelling which resembles Elphinston's recommendations for an orthographic reform as issued in the eighteenth century, so his proverbs and sayings have to be practically translated: Gin dhe luft wuz tay faw, dhe laivruks wud bee smuird – if the sky were to fall, the larks would be smothered.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lift"
],
"links": [
[
"lift",
"lift#Scots"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "German Luft",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Luft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lȕft",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "лу̏фт",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"head": "lȕft"
},
"expansion": "lȕft m (Cyrillic spelling лу̏фт)",
"name": "sh-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Serbo-Croatian colloquialisms",
"Serbo-Croatian entries with incorrect language header",
"Serbo-Croatian lemmas",
"Serbo-Croatian masculine nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian nouns",
"Serbo-Croatian terms derived from German"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) air"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "vàzdūh"
},
{
"word": "zrȃk"
}
],
"tags": [
"colloquial"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/lûft/"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Luft",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Luft.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "luft m inan",
"name": "szl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"luft"
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Silesian/uft",
"Rhymes:Silesian/uft/1 syllable",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian inanimate nouns",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian masculine nouns",
"Silesian nouns",
"Silesian terms borrowed from German",
"Silesian terms derived from German",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"szl:Air"
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "powietrze"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluft/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uft"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "to explode, to blow up",
"word": "flyga i luften"
},
{
"english": "to build castles in the air",
"word": "bygga luftslott"
},
{
"word": "frilufts-"
},
{
"word": "luftherravälde"
},
{
"word": "lufthunger"
},
{
"word": "luftmotstånd"
},
{
"word": "luftskepp"
},
{
"word": "luftslott"
},
{
"word": "luftvärn"
},
{
"word": "luftöverlägsenhet"
},
{
"english": "made up; taken out of the air",
"tags": [
"literally"
],
"word": "tagen ur luften"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "de",
"3": "Luft"
},
"expansion": "German Luft",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from German Luft.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "luft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lufts",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luften",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "luftens",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "luft c",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c"
},
"expansion": "luft c",
"name": "sv-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lufta"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 13 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish common-gender nouns",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish lemmas",
"Swedish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Swedish nouns",
"Swedish terms derived from German",
"Swedish terms with usage examples",
"sv:Air"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to breathe air",
"text": "att andas luft",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "up in the air",
"text": "uppe i luften",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"air"
],
"links": [
[
"air",
"air"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "Sv-luft.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Sv-luft.ogg/Sv-luft.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Sv-luft.ogg"
}
],
"word": "luft"
}
Download raw JSONL data for luft meaning in All languages combined (24.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'f2s'",
"path": [
"luft"
],
"section": "Faroese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "luft",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'f2s'",
"path": [
"luft"
],
"section": "Faroese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "luft",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.