"luft" meaning in Middle English

See luft in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: lüft [canonical]
Etymology: From Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”). More at lift. Doublet of lofte. Etymology templates: {{der|enm|ang|lyft||air, atmosphere, firmament}} Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), {{der|enm|gmw-pro|*luftu}} Proto-West Germanic *luftu, {{der|enm|gem-pro|*luftuz||air, upper region}} Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”), {{doublet|enm|lofte}} Doublet of lofte Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|head=lüft}} lüft
  1. air
    Sense id: en-luft-enm-noun-n-Qw5SdG
  2. atmosphere
    Sense id: en-luft-enm-noun-v9Wo7XNX
  3. heavens, sky, firmament
    Sense id: en-luft-enm-noun-m2u89n9o Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 7 7 86
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: lift(e), left(e), lüfte
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lift",
            "t": "the sky, atmosphere"
          },
          "expansion": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "lift",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: lift, luft",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: lift, luft"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "lyft",
        "4": "",
        "5": "air, atmosphere, firmament"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*luftu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*luftuz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "air, upper region"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "lofte"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lofte",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”). More at lift. Doublet of lofte.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lüft",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "lüft"
      },
      "expansion": "lüft",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "air"
      ],
      "id": "en-luft-enm-noun-n-Qw5SdG",
      "links": [
        [
          "air",
          "air"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "atmosphere"
      ],
      "id": "en-luft-enm-noun-v9Wo7XNX",
      "links": [
        [
          "atmosphere",
          "atmosphere"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "7 7 86",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "heavens, sky, firmament"
      ],
      "id": "en-luft-enm-noun-m2u89n9o",
      "links": [
        [
          "heavens",
          "heavens"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ],
        [
          "firmament",
          "firmament"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lift(e)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "left(e)"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lüfte"
    }
  ],
  "word": "luft"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English doublets",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 13 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "lift",
            "t": "the sky, atmosphere"
          },
          "expansion": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: lift (“the sky, atmosphere”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "lift",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: lift, luft",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: lift, luft"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "lyft",
        "4": "",
        "5": "air, atmosphere, firmament"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*luftu"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *luftu",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*luftuz",
        "4": "",
        "5": "air, upper region"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "lofte"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of lofte",
      "name": "doublet"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English lyft (“air, atmosphere, firmament”), from Proto-West Germanic *luftu, from Proto-Germanic *luftuz (“air, upper region”). More at lift. Doublet of lofte.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lüft",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "head": "lüft"
      },
      "expansion": "lüft",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "air"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "air",
          "air"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "atmosphere"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "atmosphere",
          "atmosphere"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "heavens, sky, firmament"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heavens",
          "heavens"
        ],
        [
          "sky",
          "sky"
        ],
        [
          "firmament",
          "firmament"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "lift(e)"
    },
    {
      "word": "left(e)"
    },
    {
      "word": "lüfte"
    }
  ],
  "word": "luft"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.