See lingua on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lingua meaning in All languages combined (45.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "the tongue"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin lingua (“the tongue”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "langue",
"3": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of langue and tongue",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin lingua (“the tongue”). Doublet of langue and tongue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "linguae",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "lingua (plural linguae or linguas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lingua franca"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "en:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Alex J. Packer, Wise Highs: How to Thrill, Chill, & Get Away from It All Without Alcohol Or Other Drugs, Read How You Want, page 24",
"text": "Let your lingua loiter on its salty, hard surface. When you finally crack the nut, don’t swallow it right away.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, E.B. Mendel, If Frogs Could Fly, Sunbridge Books",
"text": "“I believe it’s from the condition he’s acquired,” she answered while moving closer to examine the elongated lingua. “You can put it back in your mouth now.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of tongue."
],
"id": "en-lingua-en-noun-WcTyPFTD",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Synonym of tongue."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "tongue"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Entomology",
"orig": "en:Entomology",
"parents": [
"Arthropodology",
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A median process of the labium, at the underside of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue."
],
"id": "en-lingua-en-noun-TQdj7vBK",
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"median",
"median"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"labium",
"labium"
],
[
"underside",
"underside"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) A median process of the labium, at the underside of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lingua.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese lingua",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lingua",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese língua",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lingua, from Latin lingua. Compare Portuguese língua.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural linguas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lin‧gua"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician terms with collocations",
"parents": [
"Terms with collocations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "gl:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(literally, “to put the tongue to graze”)",
"ref": "botar a lingua a pacer (idiom)",
"text": "to ramble; to be indiscreet",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-gl-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "gl",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "gl:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lingua-gl-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋɡwa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋ.ɡwɐ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋɡwa/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋ.ɡwɐ]",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋħwa/",
"note": "gheada"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋ.ħwɐ]",
"note": "gheada"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋɡwa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "Reintegrationist",
"word": "língua"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "pt",
"3": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese língua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Kabuverdianu lingua",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese língua. Cognate with Kabuverdianu lingua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lingua",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-pov-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Guinea-Bissau Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lingua-pov-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "linguas",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lingua (plural linguas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lingua (plural linguas)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "linguage"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "linguista"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "linguistica"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ia",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "ia:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-ia-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lingua-ia-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋ.ɡwa/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "linguage"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ia:lingua (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λίγκα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "lingwa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: lingwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: lingwa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pml",
"2": "lingua",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Sabir: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Sabir: lingua"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin lingua",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin lingua.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lingue",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural lingue)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lìn‧gua"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lingua artificiale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lingua di gatto"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguaccia"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguaggio"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguale"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguata"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguetta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguiforme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguina"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguista"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguistica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "scioglilingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "slinguare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "it:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-it-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language, tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-it-noun-GSYYUYQQ",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strip, tongue (of land)"
],
"id": "en-lingua-it-noun-CeLc7Ac8",
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 26 0 49 3 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foreign languages"
],
"id": "en-lingua-it-noun-uZo-LxPF",
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"languages",
"languages"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) foreign languages"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the square horn of an anvil"
],
"id": "en-lingua-it-noun-QbRyV3YD",
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"anvil",
"anvil"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a type of Italian flatbread"
],
"id": "en-lingua-it-noun-ux0DbovN",
"links": [
[
"Italian",
"Italian"
],
[
"flatbread",
"flatbread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) a type of Italian flatbread"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlin.ɡwa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-inɡwa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:lingua"
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "pt",
"3": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese língua",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese língua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lingua",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-kea-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kabuverdianu entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lingua-kea-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lingua.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "לינגוה",
"tags": [
"Hebrew"
]
},
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"heb": "לינגוה",
"pl": "linguas"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling לינגוה, plural linguas)",
"name": "lad-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lad",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "lad:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-lad-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"romanization"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lad",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "lad:Linguistics",
"parents": [
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladino entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ladino terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lingua-lad-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) language"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"romanization"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lashon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "lengua"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bilinguis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bisulcilingua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lingula"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lingulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "*linguāticum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguāx"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "linguōsus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "trilinguis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ēlinguis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "limbã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: limbã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: limbã"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "limbĕ"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: limbĕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: limbĕ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "limbă"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: limbă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: limbă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "limbă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: limbă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: limbă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "langa",
"alts": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "langa, luanga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "langa, luanga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lingua\n→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)\n→ Maltese: lingwa\n→? Sabir: lingua",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lingua\n→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)\n→ Maltese: lingwa\n→? Sabir: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "linguine",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Italian: linguine",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "lengua",
"3": "lenga"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: lengua, lenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: lengua, lenga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "längua"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: längua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: längua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "lenga"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: lenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: lenga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "lèngva"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: lèngva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: lèngva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lenghe"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: lenghe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: lenghe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "lënga"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: lënga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: lënga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "lieunga",
"3": "lengua",
"4": "glianga",
"5": "laungia",
"6": "leua"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "lèngua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "łéngua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Franco-Provençal: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "lengva"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: lengva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: lengva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "langue"
},
"expansion": "Old French: langue, lingue, lengue\nMiddle French: langue\nFrench: langue (see there for further descendants)\nNorman: laungue\nPicard: lingue\nWalloon: linwe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: langue, lingue, lengue\nMiddle French: langue\nFrench: langue (see there for further descendants)\nNorman: laungue\nPicard: lingue\nWalloon: linwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llengua"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: llengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: llengua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: lengua, lenga\nOccitan: lenga\nGascon: lengua\nLimousin: linga\nProvençal: lengo, lenguo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: lengua, lenga\nOccitan: lenga\nGascon: lengua\nLimousin: linga\nProvençal: lengo, lenguo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "luenga",
"qq": "with metathesis of /w/"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "llingua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: llingua, llengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: llingua, llengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "luenga"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: luenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: luenga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "llingua"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: llingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: llingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "lhéngua"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: lhéngua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: lhéngua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "lingua",
"3": "lengua",
"4": "lingoa",
"5": "lengoa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fax",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Fala: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fala: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Galician: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: língua",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "לינגוה"
},
"expansion": "Ladino: לינגוה",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "lengua",
"3": "lingua",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "lengua, lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: lengua\nChavacano: lengua\nPapiamentu: lenga",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: lengua\nChavacano: lengua\nPapiamentu: lenga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "limba",
"3": "lingua",
"qq1": "Logudorese",
"qq2": "Campidanese"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lingua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "lingvo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: lingvo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: lingvo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dingua"
},
"expansion": "dingua",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*denɣwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *denɣwā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc"
},
"expansion": "Italic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lingō",
"t": "to lick"
},
"expansion": "lingō (“to lick”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լեզու"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian լեզու (lezu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "liežùvis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian liežùvis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zunge"
},
"expansion": "German Zunge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "English tongue",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lingua",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lingua",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lingua<1>"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lingua<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That the teacher founded [the wolf] licking the boys by the tongue",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 1.4",
"text": "Ut lingua lambentem pueros magister … invenerit"
},
{
"english": "No oviparous species possesses the lesser tongue (the epiglottis) below the uvula.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 11.17.66",
"text": "sub ea minor lingua nulli ova generantium."
}
],
"glosses": [
"the tongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-2gvi4bUS",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) the tongue"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 2 3 0 3 2 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "la:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…], the Latin language, so far from having a poor vocabulary, as is commonly supposed, is actually richer than the Greek.",
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.10",
"text": "[…], Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, ut vulgo putarent, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-rT9-L2TO",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 2 3 0 3 2 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "la:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "they [the Greeks] have not merely abundance of words, but they have also a number of different dialects.",
"ref": "c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 12.10.34",
"text": "[…] illis non verborum modo, sed linguarum etiam inter se differentium copia est."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people",
"a dialect, idiom or mode of speech"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-uwzpG3WU",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"dialect",
"dialect"
],
[
"idiom",
"idiom"
],
[
"mode",
"mode"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people",
"(post-classical) a dialect, idiom or mode of speech"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 2 3 0 3 2 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "la:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 11 11 18 11 11 11 4 3 3 3 3 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Sounds",
"orig": "la:Sounds",
"parents": [
"Sound",
"Energy",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the language of birds and the omens of their wings in flight",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 3.361",
"text": "volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"a voice, note, song, bark, etc."
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-TmsUYr7G",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"note",
"note"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"(poetic, of animals) a voice, note, song, bark, etc."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 2 3 0 3 2 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "la:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He can readily learn the explanations or glosses, as the Greeks call them, of the more obscure words by the way",
"ref": "c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.35",
"text": "protinus enim potest interpretationem linguae secretioris, quas Graeci γλώσσας vocant"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"an utterance, expression"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-GE5d5Vq8",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"an utterance, expression"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 9 9 8 8 16 8 11 6 8 1 8 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 2 3 0 3 2 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "la:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 7 7 7 7 15 7 11 6 7 2 15 8 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "la:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 5 5 5 18 5 18 8 7 3 8 11 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Borage family plants",
"orig": "la:Borage family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 5 5 5 17 5 10 7 7 7 13 7 7",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "la:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.601–602",
"text": "saepe illī dīxerat Almō ‘nāta, tenē linguam,’ nec tamen illa tenet.\nMany a time had Almo said to her, ‘‘Daughter, hold your tongue,’’ and yet she did not hold it.\n(The river deity Almo (god) and his daughter, whom Ovid identifies as the Naiad Lara, otherwise known in ancient mythology as Larunda or Dea Tacita. The name of the ever-talkative Lara – a repeated syllable, as in ‘‘la-la’’ – echoes the Greek λαλεῖν, to talk, chat, prattle, speak.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-tgvqbkUK",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"comprimere",
"comprimere"
],
[
"tenēre",
"tenēre"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin metonyms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 2 3 0 3 2 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "la:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…]: lavish of his wealth, and a better speaker, but with a hand frozen in battle: […]",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 11.338",
"text": "[…], largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello dextera, […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-WupdqZjt",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 7 7 7 7 15 7 11 6 7 2 15 8 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "la:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 5 5 5 18 5 18 8 7 3 8 11 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Borage family plants",
"orig": "la:Borage family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 5 4 5 17 4 22 6 7 2 8 11 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Buttercup family plants",
"orig": "la:Buttercup family plants",
"parents": [
"Ranunculales order plants",
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The plant called \"tongue\" grows around springs.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.170",
"text": "Lingua herba nascitur circa fontes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"Ranunculus lingua (a flowering plant)"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-sthCtUuL",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"flowering",
"flowering#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"Ranunculus lingua (a flowering plant)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lingulāca"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…], but he says it must be covered with a layer of bugloss—a species of plant—as well, and that this should be tied on with a layer of straw; […]",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 17.112",
"text": "[…], lingua bubula—herbae id genus est—insuper optegi iubet eamque inligari opertam stramentis: […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the oxtongue, bugloss"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-Fr~8R68~",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"oxtongue",
"oxtongue"
],
[
"bugloss",
"bugloss"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the oxtongue, bugloss"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the houndstongue"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-n9KKll16",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"houndstongue",
"houndstongue"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the houndstongue"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cynoglōssos"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "High Ida's cape, whose tongue into the deep extends.",
"ref": "c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 4.17",
"text": "Idae promunturium, cuius lingua in altum proicit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a tongue of land"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-ZZGa3Wz1",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a tongue of land"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "1 7 7 7 7 15 7 11 6 7 2 15 8 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "la:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 5 5 8 14 5 9 6 7 1 27 6 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "la:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a spoonful"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-0pJSr8J6",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"spoonful",
"spoonful"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a spoonful"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lingula"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Musical instruments",
"orig": "la:Musical instruments",
"parents": [
"Music",
"Tools",
"Art",
"Sound",
"Technology",
"Culture",
"Energy",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 8 8 7 7 8 7 7 6 6 6 7 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 5 5 5 5 18 5 18 8 7 3 8 11 3",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Borage family plants",
"orig": "la:Borage family plants",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] there have been found persons who could reproduce the birds' song with an indistinguishable resemblence by putting water into slanted reeds and breathing into the holes or by applying some slight check with the tongue.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.84",
"text": "[…] homines repertos qui sonum earum addita in transversas harundines aqua foramen inspirantes linguave parva aliqua opposita mora indiscreta redderent similitudine."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-Eok1iJyC",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"tibiae",
"tibiae"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"(music) the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Classical mechanics",
"orig": "la:Classical mechanics",
"parents": [
"Mechanics",
"Physics",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with the tongue of the lever placed under the weight, one man's strength, bearing down upon the head of it, heaves up the weight.",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 10.8",
"text": "[…] lingua sub onus subdita, caput eius unius hominis viribus pressum id onus extollit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the short arm of a lever"
],
"id": "en-lingua-la-noun-Peh~fFgd",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"classical mechanics",
"classical mechanics"
],
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"lever",
"lever"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense; classical mechanics; classical mechanics",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"(classical mechanics) the short arm of a lever"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlin.ɡʷa/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲɪŋɡʷä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlin.ɡwa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋɡwä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"pre-Classical"
],
"word": "dingua"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gaius Marius Victorinus"
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural linguas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of língua."
],
"id": "en-lingua-pt-noun-B6978K3m",
"links": [
[
"língua",
"língua#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "tongue, speech, language"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lingua f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural linguas)",
"name": "rm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Puter Romansch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romansch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rumantsch Grischun",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vallader Romansch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "rm",
"name": "Language",
"orig": "rm:Language",
"parents": [
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"id": "en-lingua-rm-noun-pO8wS6Qq",
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) language"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Rumantsch-Grischun"
],
"word": "linguatg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Vallander",
"poetic"
],
"word": "linguach"
},
{
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "favella"
}
],
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Rumantsch-Grischun",
"Vallander",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "lingui",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "lingua f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lingu",
"2": "f",
"3": "a",
"4": "i"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural lingui)",
"name": "scn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lìngua"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lìngua"
],
"id": "en-lingua-scn-noun-MTd3T4zx",
"links": [
[
"lìngua",
"lìngua#Sicilian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(eye dialect) Alternative form of lìngua"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"en:Organs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "the tongue"
},
"expansion": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin lingua (“the tongue”)",
"name": "ubor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "langue",
"3": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of langue and tongue",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unadapted borrowing from Latin lingua (“the tongue”). Doublet of langue and tongue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguae",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "linguae",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "lingua (plural linguae or linguas)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lingua franca"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Anatomy"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2009, Alex J. Packer, Wise Highs: How to Thrill, Chill, & Get Away from It All Without Alcohol Or Other Drugs, Read How You Want, page 24",
"text": "Let your lingua loiter on its salty, hard surface. When you finally crack the nut, don’t swallow it right away.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2016, E.B. Mendel, If Frogs Could Fly, Sunbridge Books",
"text": "“I believe it’s from the condition he’s acquired,” she answered while moving closer to examine the elongated lingua. “You can put it back in your mouth now.”",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Synonym of tongue."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) Synonym of tongue."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"synonym",
"synonym-of"
],
"word": "tongue"
}
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Entomology"
],
"glosses": [
"A median process of the labium, at the underside of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue."
],
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"median",
"median"
],
[
"process",
"process"
],
[
"labium",
"labium"
],
[
"underside",
"underside"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) A median process of the labium, at the underside of the mouth in insects, and serving as a tongue."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lingua.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lingua.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Galician countable nouns",
"Galician entries with incorrect language header",
"Galician feminine nouns",
"Galician lemmas",
"Galician nouns",
"Galician terms derived from Latin",
"Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Galician terms inherited from Latin",
"Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese",
"Galician terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Galician terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Galician terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Galician/iŋħwa",
"Rhymes:Galician/iŋħwa/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Galician/iŋɡwa",
"Rhymes:Galician/iŋɡwa/2 syllables",
"gl:Language"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese lingua",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "roa-opt",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lingua",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese língua",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese lingua, from Latin lingua. Compare Portuguese língua.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural linguas)",
"name": "gl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lin‧gua"
],
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Galician terms with collocations",
"gl:Organs"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(literally, “to put the tongue to graze”)",
"ref": "botar a lingua a pacer (idiom)",
"text": "to ramble; to be indiscreet",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋɡwa/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋ.ɡwɐ]"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋɡwa/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋ.ɡwɐ]",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋħwa/",
"note": "gheada"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋ.ħwɐ]",
"note": "gheada"
},
{
"rhymes": "-iŋɡwa"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "Reintegrationist",
"word": "língua"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Guinea-Bissau Creole entries with incorrect language header",
"Guinea-Bissau Creole lemmas",
"Guinea-Bissau Creole nouns",
"Guinea-Bissau Creole terms derived from Portuguese"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "pt",
"3": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese língua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Kabuverdianu lingua",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese língua. Cognate with Kabuverdianu lingua.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pov",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lingua",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Interlingua entries with incorrect language header",
"Interlingua lemmas",
"Interlingua nouns",
"Interlingua terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "linguas",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "lingua (plural linguas)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lingua (plural linguas)",
"name": "ia-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Interlingua",
"lang_code": "ia",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "linguage"
},
{
"word": "linguista"
},
{
"word": "linguistica"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ia:Organs"
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈliŋ.ɡwa/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"topics": [
"language",
"linguistics",
"human-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"word": "linguage"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ia:lingua (disambiguation)"
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms inherited from Latin",
"Italian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Italian/inɡwa",
"Rhymes:Italian/inɡwa/2 syllables"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "el",
"2": "λίγκα",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "lingwa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: lingwa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: lingwa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pml",
"2": "lingua",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Sabir: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Sabir: lingua"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin lingua",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin lingua.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lingue",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural lingue)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"lìn‧gua"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lingua artificiale"
},
{
"word": "lingua di gatto"
},
{
"word": "linguaccia"
},
{
"word": "linguaggio"
},
{
"word": "linguale"
},
{
"word": "linguata"
},
{
"word": "linguetta"
},
{
"word": "linguiforme"
},
{
"word": "linguina"
},
{
"word": "linguista"
},
{
"word": "linguistica"
},
{
"word": "scioglilingua"
},
{
"word": "slinguare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Organs"
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language, tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strip, tongue (of land)"
],
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"foreign languages"
],
"links": [
[
"foreign",
"foreign"
],
[
"languages",
"languages"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(in the plural) foreign languages"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"in-plural"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the square horn of an anvil"
],
"links": [
[
"horn",
"horn"
],
[
"anvil",
"anvil"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a type of Italian flatbread"
],
"links": [
[
"Italian",
"Italian"
],
[
"flatbread",
"flatbread"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) a type of Italian flatbread"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlin.ɡwa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-inɡwa"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"it:lingua"
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kabuverdianu entries with incorrect language header",
"Kabuverdianu lemmas",
"Kabuverdianu nouns",
"Kabuverdianu terms derived from Portuguese"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "pt",
"3": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese língua",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Portuguese língua.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "kea",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "lingua",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ladino entries with incorrect language header",
"Ladino feminine nouns",
"Ladino lemmas",
"Ladino nouns",
"Ladino nouns in Latin script",
"Ladino terms derived from Latin",
"Ladino terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ladino terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Ladino terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ladino terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Ladino terms with redundant script codes"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lingua.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "לינגוה",
"tags": [
"Hebrew"
]
},
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "f",
"heb": "לינגוה",
"pl": "linguas"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling לינגוה, plural linguas)",
"name": "lad-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"lad:Organs"
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"romanization"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"lad:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) language"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"romanization"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lashon"
},
{
"word": "lengua"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Italic languages",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Borage family plants",
"la:Buttercup family plants",
"la:Landforms",
"la:Language",
"la:Organs",
"la:Sounds",
"la:Units of measure"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bilinguis"
},
{
"word": "bisulcilingua"
},
{
"word": "lingula"
},
{
"word": "lingulus"
},
{
"word": "linguālis"
},
{
"word": "linguārium"
},
{
"word": "*linguāticum"
},
{
"word": "linguātus"
},
{
"word": "linguāx"
},
{
"word": "linguōsus"
},
{
"word": "trilinguis"
},
{
"word": "ēlinguis"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balkan Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "limbã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: limbã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: limbã"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruo",
"2": "limbĕ"
},
"expansion": "Istro-Romanian: limbĕ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istro-Romanian: limbĕ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ruq",
"2": "limbă"
},
"expansion": "Megleno-Romanian: limbă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Megleno-Romanian: limbă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "limbă"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: limbă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: limbă"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "langa",
"alts": "1",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "langa, luanga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "langa, luanga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lingua\n→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)\n→ Maltese: lingwa\n→? Sabir: lingua",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lingua\n→ Greek: λίγκα (lígka)\n→ Maltese: lingwa\n→? Sabir: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "linguine",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Italian: linguine",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Italian: linguine (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "lengua",
"3": "lenga"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan: lengua, lenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan: lengua, lenga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "längua"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: längua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: längua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "lenga"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: lenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: lenga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "lèngva"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: lèngva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: lèngva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Rhaeto-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lenghe"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: lenghe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: lenghe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "lënga"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: lënga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: lënga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "lieunga",
"3": "lengua",
"4": "glianga",
"5": "laungia",
"6": "leua"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: lieunga, lengua, glianga, laungia, leua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "lèngua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: lèngua, lengua, laèngua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "łéngua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: łéngua, łéngoa, léngoa, lengoa, léngua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Old Franco-Provençal: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "lengva"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: lengva",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: lengva"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "langue"
},
"expansion": "Old French: langue, lingue, lengue\nMiddle French: langue\nFrench: langue (see there for further descendants)\nNorman: laungue\nPicard: lingue\nWalloon: linwe",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: langue, lingue, lengue\nMiddle French: langue\nFrench: langue (see there for further descendants)\nNorman: laungue\nPicard: lingue\nWalloon: linwe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Occitano-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llengua"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: llengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: llengua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: lengua, lenga\nOccitan: lenga\nGascon: lengua\nLimousin: linga\nProvençal: lengo, lenguo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: lengua, lenga\nOccitan: lenga\nGascon: lengua\nLimousin: linga\nProvençal: lengo, lenguo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "luenga",
"qq": "with metathesis of /w/"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: luenga (with metathesis of /w/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-ole"
},
"expansion": "Old Leonese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Leonese:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "llingua",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: llingua, llengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: llingua, llengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ext",
"2": "luenga"
},
"expansion": "Extremaduran: luenga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Extremaduran: luenga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-leo",
"2": "llingua"
},
"expansion": "Leonese: llingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Leonese: llingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mwl",
"2": "lhéngua"
},
"expansion": "Mirandese: lhéngua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mirandese: lhéngua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "lingua",
"3": "lengua",
"4": "lingoa",
"5": "lengoa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: lingua, lengua, lingoa, lengoa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fax",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Fala: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Fala: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "Galician: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "língua"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: língua",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: língua (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: lengua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: lengua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "לינגוה"
},
"expansion": "Ladino: לינגוה",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lad",
"2": "lengua",
"3": "lingua",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "lengua, lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladino: לינגוה / lengua, lingua"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "lengua"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: lengua\nChavacano: lengua\nPapiamentu: lenga",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: lengua\nChavacano: lengua\nPapiamentu: lenga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "limba",
"3": "lingua",
"qq1": "Logudorese",
"qq2": "Campidanese"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: limba (Logudorese), lingua (Campidanese)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lingua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: lingua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: lingua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eo",
"2": "lingvo",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Esperanto: lingvo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Esperanto: lingvo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dingua"
},
"expansion": "dingua",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*denɣwā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *denɣwā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc"
},
"expansion": "Italic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lingō",
"t": "to lick"
},
"expansion": "lingō (“to lick”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լեզու"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian լեզու (lezu)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "liežùvis"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian liežùvis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Zunge"
},
"expansion": "German Zunge",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "English tongue",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From older dingua (attested as a rare word in Gaius Marius Victorinus), from Proto-Italic *denɣwā, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s. The change of d- to l- is variously explained by a borrowing from another Italic language with such a shift and/or by a folk-etymological association with the verb lingō (“to lick”); compare Old Armenian լեզու (lezu) and Lithuanian liežùvis for the latter process. Other cognates include German Zunge and English tongue.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lingua",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "linguā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "linguīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lingua",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "linguae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lingua<1>"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (genitive linguae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lingua<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That the teacher founded [the wolf] licking the boys by the tongue",
"ref": "27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 1.4",
"text": "Ut lingua lambentem pueros magister … invenerit"
},
{
"english": "No oviparous species possesses the lesser tongue (the epiglottis) below the uvula.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 11.17.66",
"text": "sub ea minor lingua nulli ova generantium."
}
],
"glosses": [
"the tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literally) the tongue"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"literally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…], the Latin language, so far from having a poor vocabulary, as is commonly supposed, is actually richer than the Greek.",
"ref": "45 BCE, Cicero, De finibus bonorum et malorum 1.10",
"text": "[…], Latinam linguam non modo non inopem, ut vulgo putarent, sed locupletiorem etiam esse quam Graecam."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"people",
"people"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "they [the Greeks] have not merely abundance of words, but they have also a number of different dialects.",
"ref": "c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 12.10.34",
"text": "[…] illis non verborum modo, sed linguarum etiam inter se differentium copia est."
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people",
"a dialect, idiom or mode of speech"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"dialect",
"dialect"
],
[
"idiom",
"idiom"
],
[
"mode",
"mode"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"the tongue or language of a people",
"(post-classical) a dialect, idiom or mode of speech"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin poetic terms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the language of birds and the omens of their wings in flight",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 3.361",
"text": "volucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"a voice, note, song, bark, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"voice",
"voice"
],
[
"note",
"note"
],
[
"song",
"song"
],
[
"bark",
"bark"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"(poetic, of animals) a voice, note, song, bark, etc."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically",
"poetic"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "He can readily learn the explanations or glosses, as the Greeks call them, of the more obscure words by the way",
"ref": "c. 35 CE – 100 CE, Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria 1.1.35",
"text": "protinus enim potest interpretationem linguae secretioris, quas Graeci γλώσσας vocant"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"an utterance, expression"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"expression",
"expression"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"an utterance, expression"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.601–602",
"text": "saepe illī dīxerat Almō ‘nāta, tenē linguam,’ nec tamen illa tenet.\nMany a time had Almo said to her, ‘‘Daughter, hold your tongue,’’ and yet she did not hold it.\n(The river deity Almo (god) and his daughter, whom Ovid identifies as the Naiad Lara, otherwise known in ancient mythology as Larunda or Dea Tacita. The name of the ever-talkative Lara – a repeated syllable, as in ‘‘la-la’’ – echoes the Greek λαλεῖν, to talk, chat, prattle, speak.)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"comprimere",
"comprimere"
],
[
"tenēre",
"tenēre"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech",
"to hold one's tongue (linguam comprimere, linguam tenēre)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin metonyms",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…]: lavish of his wealth, and a better speaker, but with a hand frozen in battle: […]",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 11.338",
"text": "[…], largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello dextera, […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a tongue, utterance, language, speech"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"utterance",
"utterance"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"speech",
"speech"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"(metonymically) a tongue, utterance, language, speech"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"metonymically"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Entries using missing taxonomic name (species)",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The plant called \"tongue\" grows around springs.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 24.170",
"text": "Lingua herba nascitur circa fontes."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"Ranunculus lingua (a flowering plant)"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"flowering",
"flowering#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"Ranunculus lingua (a flowering plant)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lingulāca"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…], but he says it must be covered with a layer of bugloss—a species of plant—as well, and that this should be tied on with a layer of straw; […]",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 17.112",
"text": "[…], lingua bubula—herbae id genus est—insuper optegi iubet eamque inligari opertam stramentis: […]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the oxtongue, bugloss"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"oxtongue",
"oxtongue"
],
[
"bugloss",
"bugloss"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the oxtongue, bugloss"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the houndstongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"houndstongue",
"houndstongue"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the houndstongue"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cynoglōssos"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "High Ida's cape, whose tongue into the deep extends.",
"ref": "c. 177 CE, Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae 4.17",
"text": "Idae promunturium, cuius lingua in altum proicit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a tongue of land"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"land",
"land"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a tongue of land"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a spoonful"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"spoonful",
"spoonful"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"a spoonful"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lingula"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Musical instruments"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "[…] there have been found persons who could reproduce the birds' song with an indistinguishable resemblence by putting water into slanted reeds and breathing into the holes or by applying some slight check with the tongue.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 10.84",
"text": "[…] homines repertos qui sonum earum addita in transversas harundines aqua foramen inspirantes linguave parva aliqua opposita mora indiscreta redderent similitudine."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"music",
"music"
],
[
"reed",
"reed"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"tibiae",
"tibiae"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"(music) the tongue or reed of a Roman tibiae"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"entertainment",
"lifestyle",
"music"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Classical mechanics"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "with the tongue of the lever placed under the weight, one man's strength, bearing down upon the head of it, heaves up the weight.",
"ref": "c. 15 BCE, Vitruvius, De architectura 10.8",
"text": "[…] lingua sub onus subdita, caput eius unius hominis viribus pressum id onus extollit."
}
],
"glosses": [
"tongue-shaped things:",
"the short arm of a lever"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
],
[
"classical mechanics",
"classical mechanics"
],
[
"short",
"short"
],
[
"arm",
"arm"
],
[
"lever",
"lever"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense; classical mechanics; classical mechanics",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense)",
"tongue-shaped things:",
"(classical mechanics) the short arm of a lever"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlin.ɡʷa/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlʲɪŋɡʷä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlin.ɡwa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈliŋɡwä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"pre-Classical"
],
"word": "dingua"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Gaius Marius Victorinus"
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural linguas)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Portuguese archaic forms",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese feminine nouns",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of língua."
],
"links": [
[
"língua",
"língua#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "la",
"3": "lingua",
"4": "",
"5": "tongue, speech, language"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin lingua (“tongue, speech, language”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "linguas",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "lingua f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural linguas)",
"name": "rm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Puter Romansch",
"Romansch entries with incorrect language header",
"Romansch feminine nouns",
"Romansch lemmas",
"Romansch nouns",
"Romansch terms derived from Latin",
"Romansch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romansch terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Romansch terms inherited from Latin",
"Romansch terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Romansch terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Rumantsch Grischun",
"Vallader Romansch",
"rm:Language"
],
"glosses": [
"language"
],
"links": [
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader) language"
],
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Rumantsch-Grischun",
"Vallander",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Rumantsch-Grischun"
],
"word": "linguatg"
},
{
"tags": [
"Puter",
"Vallander",
"poetic"
],
"word": "linguach"
},
{
"tags": [
"poetic"
],
"word": "favella"
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "lingui",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "lingua"
},
"expansion": "lingua f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lingu",
"2": "f",
"3": "a",
"4": "i"
},
"expansion": "lingua f (plural lingui)",
"name": "scn-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "lìngua"
}
],
"categories": [
"Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sicilian feminine nouns",
"Sicilian lemmas",
"Sicilian nouns",
"Sicilian terms with redundant head parameter"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of lìngua"
],
"links": [
[
"lìngua",
"lìngua#Sicilian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(eye dialect) Alternative form of lìngua"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"feminine",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"word": "lingua"
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''a tongue, utterance, language,'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"lingua"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "lingua",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.