"impetus" meaning in All languages combined

See impetus on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /ˈɪm.pə.təs/ Audio: En-us-impetus.ogg [US] Forms: impetuses [plural]
Etymology: Borrowed from Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”), from impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*peth₂-}}, {{bor|en|la|impetus||a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset}} Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”), {{m|la|impetō||to rush upon, attack}} impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), {{m|la|in-||upon}} in- (“upon”), {{m|la|petō||to seek, fall upon}} petō (“to seek, fall upon”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} impetus (plural impetuses)
  1. Anything that impels; a stimulating factor. Translations (something that impels): təkan (Azerbaijani), stimul (Azerbaijani), উদ্দীপনা (uddipona) (Bengali), стимул (stimul) [masculine] (Bulgarian), podnět [masculine] (Czech), aanleiding (Dutch), impuls (Dutch), sysäys (Finnish), Antrieb [masculine] (German), Schub [masculine] (German), Anstoß [masculine] (German), Anschub [masculine] (German), Schwung [masculine] (German), āinga (Maori), kipakipa (Maori), impulsion [feminine] (Occitan), برانگیزنده (barângizanda, barângizande) (Persian), и́мпульс (ímpulʹs) [masculine] (Russian), сти́мул (stímul) [masculine] (Russian), толчо́к (tolčók) [masculine] (Russian), impetus [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), impuls [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), poticaj [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), імпульс (impulʹs) [masculine] (Ukrainian), поштовх (poštovx) [masculine] (Ukrainian), стимул (stymul) [masculine] (Ukrainian)
    Sense id: en-impetus-en-noun-BtkhQO43 Disambiguation of 'something that impels': 51 35 2 12 0
  2. A force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse. Translations (a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse): təkan (Azerbaijani), подбуда (podbuda) [feminine] (Bulgarian), импулс (impuls) [masculine] (Bulgarian), impuls [masculine] (Czech), drivkraft [common-gender] (Danish), impuls (Dutch), stuwkracht (Dutch), sysäys (Finnish), élan [masculine] (French), Triebkraft [feminine] (German), drivkraft (Norwegian), impulsion [feminine] (Occitan), نیروی برانگیزنده (nirôye barângizande) (Persian), ímpeto [masculine] (Portuguese)
    Sense id: en-impetus-en-noun-vQjLxmQA Disambiguation of 'a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse': 5 82 5 5 3
  3. The force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus. Translations (the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus): উদ্দীপনা (uddipona) (Bengali), устрем (ustrem) [masculine] (Bulgarian), тласък (tlasǎk) [masculine] (Bulgarian), stimul [masculine] (Czech), drijvende kracht (Dutch), stuwkracht (Dutch), liikevoima (Finnish), Antrieb [masculine] (German), Anschub [feminine] (German), impulsion [feminine] (Occitan), estimulús [masculine] (Occitan), برانگیزنده (barângizanda, barângizande) (Persian), انگیختار (angixtâr) (Persian), impulso (Portuguese), impetus [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), impuls [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), poticaj [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian)
    Sense id: en-impetus-en-noun-VC8HPaSC Disambiguation of 'the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus': 1 5 81 4 9
  4. (history, medieval physics) A principle of motive force, held as exquivalent to weight times velocity by John Buridan, in an auxiliary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced by John Philoponus, describing projectile motion against gravity as linear until it transitions to a vertical drop and the intellectual precursor to the concepts of inertia, momentum and acceleration in classical mechanics. Categories (topical): History, Physics
    Sense id: en-impetus-en-noun-4eYxR9Qx Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 29 25 3 40 3 Topics: history, human-sciences, sciences
  5. An activity in response to a stimulus. Translations (an activity in response to a stimulus): stimulans (Dutch), prikkel (Dutch), Schwung [masculine] (German), Wucht [feminine] (German), Schub [masculine] (German), impulsion [feminine] (Occitan), estimulacion [feminine] (Occitan)
    Sense id: en-impetus-en-noun-yvkCHi78 Disambiguation of 'an activity in response to a stimulus': 0 5 14 4 78
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: impetuous, wind at one's back

Noun [Latin]

IPA: /ˈim.pe.tus/ [Classical], [ˈɪmpɛt̪ʊs̠] [Classical], /ˈim.pe.tus/ (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical), [ˈimpet̪us] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: From impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”). Etymology templates: {{m|la|impetō||to rush upon, attack}} impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), {{m|la|in-||upon}} in- (“upon”), {{m|la|petō||to seek, fall upon}} petō (“to seek, fall upon”) Head templates: {{la-noun|impetus<4>}} impetus m (genitive impetūs); fourth declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|impetus<4>}} Forms: impetūs [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], impetus [nominative, singular], impetūs [nominative, plural], impetūs [genitive, singular], impetuum [genitive, plural], impetuī [dative, singular], impetibus [dative, plural], impetum [accusative, singular], impetūs [accusative, plural], impetū [ablative, singular], impetibus [ablative, plural], impetus [singular, vocative], impetūs [plural, vocative]
  1. an attack, an assault, a charge Tags: declension-4, masculine
    Sense id: en-impetus-la-noun-lYaXttio Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension: 27 21 25 26 Synonyms: incursiō, aggressiō, impressiō, invāsiō, assultus, oppugnātiō, incursus, concursus, occursiō, petītiō, appetītus, ictus, vīs, procella
  2. a rapid motion Tags: declension-4, masculine
    Sense id: en-impetus-la-noun-O9NNrUyE Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension: 27 21 25 26
  3. impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion Tags: declension-4, masculine Categories (topical): Violence Synonyms: cupīdō, vehementia, libīdō, appetītus, appetītiō, ardor, avāritia, alacritās
    Sense id: en-impetus-la-noun-bJnjO~WJ Disambiguation of Violence: 8 4 40 48 Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension: 27 21 25 26
  4. a making for Tags: declension-4, masculine Categories (topical): Violence
    Sense id: en-impetus-la-noun-a47cT6Au Disambiguation of Violence: 8 4 40 48 Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 3 3 9 85 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension: 27 21 25 26
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (topical): Military
Disambiguation of Military: 0 0 0 0

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for impetus meaning in All languages combined (21.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "impetus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "impetō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rush upon, attack"
      },
      "expansion": "impetō (“to rush upon, attack”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "upon"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (“upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "petō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seek, fall upon"
      },
      "expansion": "petō (“to seek, fall upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”), from impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impetuses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "impetus (plural impetuses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "im‧pe‧tus"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "impetuous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "wind at one's back"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The outbreak of World War II in 1939 gave a new impetus to receiver development."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Phil McNulty, Euro 2012: Montenegro 2-2 England",
          "text": "In a single moment Montenegro and their supporters were given fresh impetus and encouragement. Beciraj tested Hart with a low shot before teenager Phil Jones, on his England debut, suffered an anxious moment when Stevan Jovetic went down under his challenge, leaving the youngster clearly relieved to see referee Stark wave away Montenegro's appeals.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Anything that impels; a stimulating factor."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-en-noun-BtkhQO43",
      "links": [
        [
          "impels",
          "impels"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "təkan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "stimul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "uddipona",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "উদ্দীপনা"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "stimul",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "стимул"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "podnět"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "aanleiding"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "impuls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "sysäys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Antrieb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Anstoß"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Anschub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schwung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "āinga"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "kipakipa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "impulsion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "barângizanda, barângizande",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "word": "برانگیزنده"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "ímpulʹs",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "и́мпульс"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stímul",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "сти́мул"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "tolčók",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "толчо́к"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "impetus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "impuls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "poticaj"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "impulʹs",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "імпульс"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "poštovx",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "поштовх"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "51 35 2 12 0",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "stymul",
          "sense": "something that impels",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "стимул"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-en-noun-vQjLxmQA",
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "internal",
          "internal"
        ],
        [
          "external",
          "external"
        ],
        [
          "impulse",
          "impulse"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "word": "təkan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "podbuda",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "подбуда"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "impuls",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "импулс"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "impuls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "drivkraft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "word": "impuls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "word": "stuwkracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "word": "sysäys"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "élan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Triebkraft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "word": "drivkraft"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "impulsion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "nirôye barângizande",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "word": "نیروی برانگیزنده"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "5 82 5 5 3",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ímpeto"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-en-noun-VC8HPaSC",
      "links": [
        [
          "energy",
          "energy"
        ],
        [
          "stimulus",
          "stimulus"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "bn",
          "lang": "Bengali",
          "roman": "uddipona",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "উদ্দীপনা"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "ustrem",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "устрем"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "tlasǎk",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "тласък"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "stimul"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "drijvende kracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "stuwkracht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "liikevoima"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Antrieb"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Anschub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "impulsion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "estimulús"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "barângizanda, barângizande",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "برانگیزنده"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "angixtâr",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "انگیختار"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "word": "impulso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "impetus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "impuls"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 5 81 4 9",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "poticaj"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "History",
          "orig": "en:History",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Physics",
          "orig": "en:Physics",
          "parents": [
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 25 3 40 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A principle of motive force, held as exquivalent to weight times velocity by John Buridan, in an auxiliary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced by John Philoponus, describing projectile motion against gravity as linear until it transitions to a vertical drop and the intellectual precursor to the concepts of inertia, momentum and acceleration in classical mechanics."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-en-noun-4eYxR9Qx",
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
        ],
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "principle",
          "principle"
        ],
        [
          "motive",
          "motive"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight"
        ],
        [
          "velocity",
          "velocity"
        ],
        [
          "projectile",
          "projectile"
        ],
        [
          "gravity",
          "gravity"
        ],
        [
          "linear",
          "linear"
        ],
        [
          "vertical",
          "vertical"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "inertia",
          "inertia"
        ],
        [
          "momentum",
          "momentum"
        ],
        [
          "acceleration",
          "acceleration"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "medieval physics",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history, medieval physics) A principle of motive force, held as exquivalent to weight times velocity by John Buridan, in an auxiliary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced by John Philoponus, describing projectile motion against gravity as linear until it transitions to a vertical drop and the intellectual precursor to the concepts of inertia, momentum and acceleration in classical mechanics."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An activity in response to a stimulus."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-en-noun-yvkCHi78",
      "links": [
        [
          "activity",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "response",
          "response"
        ],
        [
          "stimulus",
          "stimulus"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "word": "stimulans"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "word": "prikkel"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schwung"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Wucht"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "Schub"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "impulsion"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "0 5 14 4 78",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "estimulacion"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪm.pə.təs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-impetus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-us-impetus.ogg/En-us-impetus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-us-impetus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impetus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0 0 0",
      "kind": "topical",
      "langcode": "la",
      "name": "Military",
      "orig": "la:Military",
      "parents": [
        "Society",
        "All topics",
        "Fundamental"
      ],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "ímpetu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: ímpetu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: ímpetu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "ente",
            "3": "entes"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: ente, entes",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: ente, entes"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "empito",
            "3": "impito",
            "qq": "dialectal or obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: empito, impito (dialectal or obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: empito, impito (dialectal or obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "impetus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: impetus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: impetus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Impetus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Impetus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Impetus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "impeto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: impeto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: impeto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "ìmpit",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: ìmpit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: ìmpit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "ímpeto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: ímpeto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: ímpeto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "ímpetu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: ímpetu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: ímpetu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "impetō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rush upon, attack"
      },
      "expansion": "impetō (“to rush upon, attack”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "upon"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (“upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "petō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seek, fall upon"
      },
      "expansion": "petō (“to seek, fall upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetuum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetuī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impetus<4>"
      },
      "expansion": "impetus m (genitive impetūs); fourth declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impetus<4>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 21 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "By uninterrupted charge they rushed into the utmost parts of the town",
          "ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28",
          "text": "Ultimas oppidi partes Continenti impetu petiverunt"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an attack, an assault, a charge"
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-la-noun-lYaXttio",
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "assault",
          "assault"
        ],
        [
          "charge",
          "charge"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "incursiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "aggressiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "impressiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "invāsiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "assultus"
        },
        {
          "word": "oppugnātiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "incursus"
        },
        {
          "word": "concursus"
        },
        {
          "word": "occursiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "petītiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "appetītus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ictus"
        },
        {
          "word": "vīs"
        },
        {
          "word": "procella"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 21 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a rapid motion"
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-la-noun-O9NNrUyE",
      "links": [
        [
          "rapid",
          "rapid"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 21 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 40 48",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "la:Violence",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion"
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-la-noun-bJnjO~WJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "impulse",
          "impulse"
        ],
        [
          "vehemence",
          "vehemence"
        ],
        [
          "ardor",
          "ardor"
        ],
        [
          "passion",
          "passion"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cupīdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "vehementia"
        },
        {
          "word": "libīdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "appetītus"
        },
        {
          "word": "appetītiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ardor"
        },
        {
          "word": "avāritia"
        },
        {
          "word": "alacritās"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 3 9 85",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "27 21 25 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 4 40 48",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "la:Violence",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a making for"
      ],
      "id": "en-impetus-la-noun-a47cT6Au",
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈim.pe.tus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɪmpɛt̪ʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈim.pe.tus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈimpet̪us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impetus"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms borrowed from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peth₂-",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "la:Military",
    "la:Violence"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "impetus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "impetō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rush upon, attack"
      },
      "expansion": "impetō (“to rush upon, attack”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "upon"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (“upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "petō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seek, fall upon"
      },
      "expansion": "petō (“to seek, fall upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin impetus (“a rushing upon, an attack, assault, onset”), from impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impetuses",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "impetus (plural impetuses)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "im‧pe‧tus"
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "impetuous"
    },
    {
      "word": "wind at one's back"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "The outbreak of World War II in 1939 gave a new impetus to receiver development."
        },
        {
          "ref": "2011, Phil McNulty, Euro 2012: Montenegro 2-2 England",
          "text": "In a single moment Montenegro and their supporters were given fresh impetus and encouragement. Beciraj tested Hart with a low shot before teenager Phil Jones, on his England debut, suffered an anxious moment when Stevan Jovetic went down under his challenge, leaving the youngster clearly relieved to see referee Stark wave away Montenegro's appeals.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Anything that impels; a stimulating factor."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impels",
          "impels"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "force",
          "force"
        ],
        [
          "internal",
          "internal"
        ],
        [
          "external",
          "external"
        ],
        [
          "impulse",
          "impulse"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "The force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "energy",
          "energy"
        ],
        [
          "stimulus",
          "stimulus"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "en:History",
        "en:Physics"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A principle of motive force, held as exquivalent to weight times velocity by John Buridan, in an auxiliary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced by John Philoponus, describing projectile motion against gravity as linear until it transitions to a vertical drop and the intellectual precursor to the concepts of inertia, momentum and acceleration in classical mechanics."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "history",
          "history"
        ],
        [
          "physics",
          "physics"
        ],
        [
          "principle",
          "principle"
        ],
        [
          "motive",
          "motive"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight"
        ],
        [
          "velocity",
          "velocity"
        ],
        [
          "projectile",
          "projectile"
        ],
        [
          "gravity",
          "gravity"
        ],
        [
          "linear",
          "linear"
        ],
        [
          "vertical",
          "vertical"
        ],
        [
          "drop",
          "drop"
        ],
        [
          "inertia",
          "inertia"
        ],
        [
          "momentum",
          "momentum"
        ],
        [
          "acceleration",
          "acceleration"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "medieval physics",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(history, medieval physics) A principle of motive force, held as exquivalent to weight times velocity by John Buridan, in an auxiliary theory of Aristotelian dynamics introduced by John Philoponus, describing projectile motion against gravity as linear until it transitions to a vertical drop and the intellectual precursor to the concepts of inertia, momentum and acceleration in classical mechanics."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "history",
        "human-sciences",
        "sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An activity in response to a stimulus."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "activity",
          "activity"
        ],
        [
          "response",
          "response"
        ],
        [
          "stimulus",
          "stimulus"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɪm.pə.təs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-impetus.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dc/En-us-impetus.ogg/En-us-impetus.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/En-us-impetus.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "təkan"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "stimul"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "uddipona",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "উদ্দীপনা"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "stimul",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "стимул"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "podnět"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "aanleiding"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "impuls"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "sysäys"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Antrieb"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schub"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Anstoß"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Anschub"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schwung"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "āinga"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "kipakipa"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "impulsion"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "barângizanda, barângizande",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "word": "برانگیزنده"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "ímpulʹs",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "и́мпульс"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stímul",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "сти́мул"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "tolčók",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "толчо́к"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "impetus"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "impuls"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "poticaj"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "impulʹs",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "імпульс"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "poštovx",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "поштовх"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "stymul",
      "sense": "something that impels",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "стимул"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "word": "təkan"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "podbuda",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "подбуда"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "impuls",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "импулс"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "impuls"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "drivkraft"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "word": "impuls"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "word": "stuwkracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "word": "sysäys"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "élan"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Triebkraft"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "word": "drivkraft"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "impulsion"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "nirôye barângizande",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "word": "نیروی برانگیزنده"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "a force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ímpeto"
    },
    {
      "code": "bn",
      "lang": "Bengali",
      "roman": "uddipona",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "উদ্দীপনা"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "ustrem",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "устрем"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "tlasǎk",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "тласък"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "stimul"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "drijvende kracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "stuwkracht"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "liikevoima"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Antrieb"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Anschub"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "impulsion"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "estimulús"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "barângizanda, barângizande",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "برانگیزنده"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "angixtâr",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "انگیختار"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "word": "impulso"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "impetus"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "impuls"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "the force or energy associated with a moving body; a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "poticaj"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "word": "stimulans"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "word": "prikkel"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schwung"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Wucht"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "Schub"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "impulsion"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "an activity in response to a stimulus",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "estimulacion"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impetus"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin fourth declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the fourth declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "la:Military",
    "la:Violence"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ca",
            "2": "ímpetu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Catalan: ímpetu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Catalan: ímpetu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fro",
            "2": "ente",
            "3": "entes"
          },
          "expansion": "Old French: ente, entes",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old French: ente, entes"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "empito",
            "3": "impito",
            "qq": "dialectal or obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Italian: empito, impito (dialectal or obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Italian: empito, impito (dialectal or obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "impetus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ English: impetus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ English: impetus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Impetus",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ German: Impetus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ German: Impetus"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "it",
            "2": "impeto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Italian: impeto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Italian: impeto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pms",
            "2": "ìmpit",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Piedmontese: ìmpit",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Piedmontese: ìmpit"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pt",
            "2": "ímpeto",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Portuguese: ímpeto",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Portuguese: ímpeto"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "es",
            "2": "ímpetu",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Spanish: ímpetu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Spanish: ímpetu"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "impetō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to rush upon, attack"
      },
      "expansion": "impetō (“to rush upon, attack”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "in-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "upon"
      },
      "expansion": "in- (“upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "petō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to seek, fall upon"
      },
      "expansion": "petō (“to seek, fall upon”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From impetō (“to rush upon, attack”), from in- (“upon”) + petō (“to seek, fall upon”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetuum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetuī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetū",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetibus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "impetūs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impetus<4>"
      },
      "expansion": "impetus m (genitive impetūs); fourth declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "impetus<4>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "By uninterrupted charge they rushed into the utmost parts of the town",
          "ref": "c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.28",
          "text": "Ultimas oppidi partes Continenti impetu petiverunt"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "an attack, an assault, a charge"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "attack",
          "attack"
        ],
        [
          "assault",
          "assault"
        ],
        [
          "charge",
          "charge"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "incursiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "aggressiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "impressiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "invāsiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "assultus"
        },
        {
          "word": "oppugnātiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "incursus"
        },
        {
          "word": "concursus"
        },
        {
          "word": "occursiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "petītiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "appetītus"
        },
        {
          "word": "ictus"
        },
        {
          "word": "vīs"
        },
        {
          "word": "procella"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a rapid motion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rapid",
          "rapid"
        ],
        [
          "motion",
          "motion"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "impulse, vehemence, ardor, passion"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "impulse",
          "impulse"
        ],
        [
          "vehemence",
          "vehemence"
        ],
        [
          "ardor",
          "ardor"
        ],
        [
          "passion",
          "passion"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "cupīdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "vehementia"
        },
        {
          "word": "libīdō"
        },
        {
          "word": "appetītus"
        },
        {
          "word": "appetītiō"
        },
        {
          "word": "ardor"
        },
        {
          "word": "avāritia"
        },
        {
          "word": "alacritās"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a making for"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈim.pe.tus/",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɪmpɛt̪ʊs̠]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈim.pe.tus/",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈimpet̪us]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impetus"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.