"impetuous" meaning in All languages combined

See impetuous on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /imˈpɛt͡ʃuəs/ Audio: en-au-impetuous.ogg [Australia], En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg [US] Forms: more impetuous [comparative], most impetuous [superlative]
Etymology: From Middle English impetuous, from Old French impetueux, from Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”), from Latin impetus (“attack, violence”). Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*peth₂-}}, {{inh|en|enm|impetuous}} Middle English impetuous, {{der|en|fro|impetueux}} Old French impetueux, {{der|en|LL.|impetuōsus||violent}} Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”), {{der|en|la|impetus||attack, violence}} Latin impetus (“attack, violence”) Head templates: {{en-adj}} impetuous (comparative more impetuous, superlative most impetuous)
  1. Making arbitrary decisions, especially in an impulsive and forceful manner. Categories (topical): Personality Translations (describing one who makes arbitrary decisions): ὁρμητικός (hormētikós) (Ancient Greek), իմպուլսիվ (impulsiv) (Armenian), odolbero (Basque), oldartsu (Basque), oldar handiko (Basque), импулсивен (impulsiven) (Bulgarian), прибързан (pribǎrzan) (Bulgarian), impetuós (Catalan), unáhlený (Czech), zbrklý (Czech), impulsiv (Danish), impulsief (Dutch), kiivas (Finnish), kiihkeä (Finnish), raju (Finnish), äkkipikainen (Finnish), impulsif (French), irréfléchi (French), ungestüm (German), impulsiv (German), leidenschaftlich (German), unüberlegt (German), hirtelen (Hungarian), tobann (Irish), impulsivo (Italian), takahorohoro (Maori), manawarere (Maori), kowheta (Maori), impulsstyrt (Norwegian), zapalczywy (Polish), impulsywny (Polish), porywczy (Polish), impetuoso (Portuguese), impetuos (Romanian), поспе́шный (pospéšnyj) [masculine] (Russian), опроме́тчивый (oprométčivyj) (Russian), अमवत् (amavat) (Sanskrit), zbrklý (Slovak), impulzívny (Slovak), impulsivo (Spanish), impetuoso (Spanish), mapusok (Tagalog), oníwàdùwàdù (Yoruba)
    Sense id: en-impetuous-en-adj-ODyruiC3 Disambiguation of Personality: 48 52 Disambiguation of 'describing one who makes arbitrary decisions': 88 12
  2. Characterized by sudden violence or vehemence. Categories (topical): Personality Translations (characterized by sudden and violent force): θούριος (thoúrios) (Ancient Greek), θοῦρος (thoûros) (Ancient Greek), բուռն (buṙn) (Armenian), սրընթաց (srəntʻacʻ) (Armenian), պոռթկուն (poṙtʻkun) (Armenian), буен (buen) (Bulgarian), необуздан (neobuzdan) (Bulgarian), impetuós (Catalan), opfarende (Danish), heftig (Danish), fremfusende (Danish), onstuimig (Dutch), bruusk (Dutch), gewelddadig (Dutch), raju (Finnish), kiihkeä (Finnish), impétueux (French), brutal (French), brusque (French), violent (French), ungestüm (German), stürmisch (German), brüsk (German), heftig (German), indulatos (Hungarian), irruente (Italian), totoa (Maori), taikaha (Maori), oppfarende (Norwegian Bokmål), fremfusende (Norwegian Bokmål), brysk (Norwegian Bokmål), impetuós (Occitan), impetuoso (Portuguese), brusco (Portuguese), impetuos (Romanian), поры́вистый (porývistyj) (Russian), стреми́тельный (stremítelʹnyj) (Russian), prudký (Slovak), impetuoso (Spanish), brutal (Spanish), brusco (Spanish), violento (Spanish), mapusok (Tagalog), oníwàdùwàdù (Yoruba)
    Sense id: en-impetuous-en-adj-SV89oZ77 Disambiguation of Personality: 48 52 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 42 58 Disambiguation of 'characterized by sudden and violent force': 13 87
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: impulsive, hasty, rash, hotheaded Derived forms: impetuously, impetuousness, impetuosity

Download JSON data for impetuous meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impetuously"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impetuousness"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impetuosity"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "impetuous"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English impetuous",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "impetueux"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French impetueux",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "impetuōsus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "violent"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "impetus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "attack, violence"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin impetus (“attack, violence”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English impetuous, from Old French impetueux, from Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”), from Latin impetus (“attack, violence”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more impetuous",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most impetuous",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "impetuous (comparative more impetuous, superlative most impetuous)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Personality",
          "orig": "en:Personality",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880, John Weeks Moore, “Beethoven, Louis Van”, in Complete Encyclopaedia of Music",
          "text": "But it was natural, that the impetuous, restless young artist should incline more to excess of strength than of delicacy in his playing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003 March 16, Terry Jones, “Poor Tony Blair wakes up”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "The prime minister thought he could sagely steer his impetuous American friends away from actions they would later regret. It turns out they were just playing him for a patsy[.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 September 24, Sarah Frier, “We Don’t Need Another Antihero”, in The Atlantic",
          "text": "How these developments might come about and what they will mean for humanity seems far more important to probe than Isaacson’s preferred focus on explaining Musk’s abusive, erratic, impetuous behavior.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Making arbitrary decisions, especially in an impulsive and forceful manner."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetuous-en-adj-ODyruiC3",
      "links": [
        [
          "arbitrary",
          "arbitrary"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "impulsiv",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "իմպուլսիվ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "odolbero"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "oldartsu"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "eu",
          "lang": "Basque",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "oldar handiko"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "impulsiven",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "импулсивен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "pribǎrzan",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "прибързан"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impetuós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "unáhlený"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "zbrklý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsiv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsief"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "kiivas"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "kiihkeä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "raju"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "äkkipikainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsif"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "irréfléchi"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "ungestüm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsiv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "leidenschaftlich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "unüberlegt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "hormētikós",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "ὁρμητικός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "hirtelen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "tobann"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsivo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "takahorohoro"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "manawarere"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "kowheta"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsstyrt"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "zapalczywy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsywny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "porywczy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impetuoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impetuos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "pospéšnyj",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "поспе́шный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "oprométčivyj",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "опроме́тчивый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "amavat",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "अमवत्"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "zbrklý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulzívny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impulsivo"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "impetuoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "mapusok"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "88 12",
          "code": "yo",
          "lang": "Yoruba",
          "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
          "word": "oníwàdùwàdù"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "48 52",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Personality",
          "orig": "en:Personality",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1794, Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho, vol. II, chapter I",
          "text": "He stands, and views in the faint rays\nFar, far below, the torrent's rising surge,\nAnd listens to the wild impetuous roar",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 250",
          "text": "Having made a few vain attempts at engrossing my attention in my book, I was obliged to let myself be carried away by the impetuous torrent of the squire's eloquence.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1917 rev. 1925, Ezra Pound, \"Canto I\"\nUnsheathed the narrow sword,\nI sat to keep off the impetuous impotent dead […]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Characterized by sudden violence or vehemence."
      ],
      "id": "en-impetuous-en-adj-SV89oZ77",
      "links": [
        [
          "violence",
          "violence"
        ],
        [
          "vehemence",
          "vehemence"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "buṙn",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "բուռն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "srəntʻacʻ",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "սրընթաց"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "poṙtʻkun",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "պոռթկուն"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "buen",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "буен"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "neobuzdan",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "необуздан"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "impetuós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "opfarende"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "heftig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "fremfusende"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "onstuimig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "bruusk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "gewelddadig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "raju"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "kiihkeä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "impétueux"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brutal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brusque"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "violent"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "ungestüm"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "stürmisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brüsk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "heftig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "thoúrios",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "θούριος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "thoûros",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "θοῦρος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "indulatos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "irruente"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "totoa"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "taikaha"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "oppfarende"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "fremfusende"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "nb",
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brysk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "impetuós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "impetuoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "impetuos"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "porývistyj",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "поры́вистый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "stremítelʹnyj",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "стреми́тельный"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "prudký"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "impetuoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brutal"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "brusco"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "violento"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "tl",
          "lang": "Tagalog",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "mapusok"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "13 87",
          "code": "yo",
          "lang": "Yoruba",
          "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
          "word": "oníwàdùwàdù"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/imˈpɛt͡ʃuəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-impetuous.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/En-au-impetuous.ogg/En-au-impetuous.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/En-au-impetuous.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg/En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "impulsive"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hasty"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "rash"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hotheaded"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impetuous"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 4-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Late Latin",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peth₂-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "Requests for review of French translations",
    "Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
    "en:Personality"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "impetuously"
    },
    {
      "word": "impetuousness"
    },
    {
      "word": "impetuosity"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*peth₂-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "impetuous"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English impetuous",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "impetueux"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French impetueux",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "LL.",
        "3": "impetuōsus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "violent"
      },
      "expansion": "Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "impetus",
        "4": "",
        "5": "attack, violence"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin impetus (“attack, violence”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English impetuous, from Old French impetueux, from Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”), from Latin impetus (“attack, violence”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more impetuous",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most impetuous",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "impetuous (comparative more impetuous, superlative most impetuous)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1880, John Weeks Moore, “Beethoven, Louis Van”, in Complete Encyclopaedia of Music",
          "text": "But it was natural, that the impetuous, restless young artist should incline more to excess of strength than of delicacy in his playing.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2003 March 16, Terry Jones, “Poor Tony Blair wakes up”, in The Guardian, →ISSN",
          "text": "The prime minister thought he could sagely steer his impetuous American friends away from actions they would later regret. It turns out they were just playing him for a patsy[.]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2023 September 24, Sarah Frier, “We Don’t Need Another Antihero”, in The Atlantic",
          "text": "How these developments might come about and what they will mean for humanity seems far more important to probe than Isaacson’s preferred focus on explaining Musk’s abusive, erratic, impetuous behavior.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Making arbitrary decisions, especially in an impulsive and forceful manner."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "arbitrary",
          "arbitrary"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1794, Ann Radcliffe, The Mysteries of Udolpho, vol. II, chapter I",
          "text": "He stands, and views in the faint rays\nFar, far below, the torrent's rising surge,\nAnd listens to the wild impetuous roar",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1886, Peter Christen Asbjørnsen, translated by H.L. Brækstad, Folk and Fairy Tales, page 250",
          "text": "Having made a few vain attempts at engrossing my attention in my book, I was obliged to let myself be carried away by the impetuous torrent of the squire's eloquence.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "text": "1917 rev. 1925, Ezra Pound, \"Canto I\"\nUnsheathed the narrow sword,\nI sat to keep off the impetuous impotent dead […]"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Characterized by sudden violence or vehemence."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "violence",
          "violence"
        ],
        [
          "vehemence",
          "vehemence"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/imˈpɛt͡ʃuəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-au-impetuous.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c1/En-au-impetuous.ogg/En-au-impetuous.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/En-au-impetuous.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Australia"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (AU)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8d/En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg/En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/En-us-impetuous-NEW.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "impulsive"
    },
    {
      "word": "hasty"
    },
    {
      "word": "rash"
    },
    {
      "word": "hotheaded"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "impulsiv",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "իմպուլսիվ"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "odolbero"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "oldartsu"
    },
    {
      "code": "eu",
      "lang": "Basque",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "oldar handiko"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "impulsiven",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "импулсивен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "pribǎrzan",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "прибързан"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impetuós"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "unáhlený"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "zbrklý"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsiv"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsief"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "kiivas"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "kiihkeä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "raju"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "äkkipikainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsif"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "irréfléchi"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "ungestüm"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsiv"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "leidenschaftlich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "unüberlegt"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "hormētikós",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "ὁρμητικός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "hirtelen"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "tobann"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsivo"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "takahorohoro"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "manawarere"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "kowheta"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsstyrt"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "zapalczywy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsywny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "porywczy"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impetuoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impetuos"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "pospéšnyj",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "поспе́шный"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "oprométčivyj",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "опроме́тчивый"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "amavat",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "अमवत्"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "zbrklý"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulzívny"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impulsivo"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "impetuoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "mapusok"
    },
    {
      "code": "yo",
      "lang": "Yoruba",
      "sense": "describing one who makes arbitrary decisions",
      "word": "oníwàdùwàdù"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "buṙn",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "բուռն"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "srəntʻacʻ",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "սրընթաց"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "poṙtʻkun",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "պոռթկուն"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "buen",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "буен"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "neobuzdan",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "необуздан"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "impetuós"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "opfarende"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "heftig"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "fremfusende"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "onstuimig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "bruusk"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "gewelddadig"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "raju"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "kiihkeä"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "impétueux"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brutal"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brusque"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "violent"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "ungestüm"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "stürmisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brüsk"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "heftig"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "thoúrios",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "θούριος"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "thoûros",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "θοῦρος"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "indulatos"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "irruente"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "totoa"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "taikaha"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "oppfarende"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "fremfusende"
    },
    {
      "code": "nb",
      "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brysk"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "impetuós"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "impetuoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "impetuos"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "porývistyj",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "поры́вистый"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "stremítelʹnyj",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "стреми́тельный"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "prudký"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "impetuoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brutal"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "brusco"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "violento"
    },
    {
      "code": "tl",
      "lang": "Tagalog",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "mapusok"
    },
    {
      "code": "yo",
      "lang": "Yoruba",
      "sense": "characterized by sudden and violent force",
      "word": "oníwàdùwàdù"
    }
  ],
  "word": "impetuous"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.