See houwen on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "houw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: houw",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: houw (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch houwen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "houwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch houwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch houwen, from Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehouwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehouwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"houwen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "houw",
"2": "hieuw",
"3": "houwen",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "houw",
"2": "",
"3": "houwen"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch verbs with two conjugations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afhouwen"
},
{
"word": "beeldhouwen"
},
{
"word": "behouwen"
},
{
"word": "houwdegen"
},
{
"word": "houwer"
},
{
"word": "inhouwen"
},
{
"word": "omhouwen"
},
{
"word": "uithouwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hew"
],
"id": "en-houwen-nl-verb-Ca4I~c98",
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to hew"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-houwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg/Nl-houwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "houwen"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From houden, with weakening of intervocalic -d- as is common in Dutch, particularly in informal usage; compare rode/rooie, leder/leer, raden/raaien and so forth.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"houwen"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "houden"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch pronunciation spellings",
"parents": [
"Pronunciation spellings",
"Terms by orthographic property",
"Terms by lexical property"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 84 3 6 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 62 7 12 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 75 4 8 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of houden."
],
"id": "en-houwen-nl-verb-4i1211E3",
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"houden",
"houden#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Pronunciation spelling of houden."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"informal",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-houwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg/Nl-houwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "houwen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: houwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: houwen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "hou"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: hou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: hou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "houwe"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: houwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: houwe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "houwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch houwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hieu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hieut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehouwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "houw",
"2": "hiew",
"3": "hiew",
"4": "gehouwen",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "dum-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to chop, to hew"
],
"id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-nNkCSSZP",
"links": [
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"hew",
"hew"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to chop down, to fell"
],
"id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-o5KfGrHl",
"links": [
[
"chop down",
"chop down"
],
[
"fell",
"fell"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to chop into pieces"
],
"id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-82G8IxtT",
"links": [
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"piece",
"piece"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to slash"
],
"id": "en-houwen-dum-verb-ihjIZCmR",
"links": [
[
"slash",
"slash"
]
]
}
],
"word": "houwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch basic verbs",
"Dutch class 7 strong verbs",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Dutch verbs",
"Dutch verbs with two conjugations",
"Dutch weak verbs",
"Dutch weak verbs with strong past participles",
"Middle Dutch class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "afhouwen"
},
{
"word": "beeldhouwen"
},
{
"word": "behouwen"
},
{
"word": "houwdegen"
},
{
"word": "houwer"
},
{
"word": "inhouwen"
},
{
"word": "omhouwen"
},
{
"word": "uithouwen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "houw",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: houw",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: houw (dated)"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch houwen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "houwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch houwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch houwen, from Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "7",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hieuwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehouwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "strong weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nl-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"Flanders",
"colloquial",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"formal",
"majestic",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwde",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houw",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"archaic",
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwend",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehouwen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"houwen"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "houw",
"2": "hieuw",
"3": "houwen",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "nl-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "houw",
"2": "",
"3": "houwen"
},
"name": "nl-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Dutch intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to hew"
],
"links": [
[
"hew",
"hew"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) to hew"
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-houwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg/Nl-houwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "houwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɑu̯ən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_text": "From houden, with weakening of intervocalic -d- as is common in Dutch, particularly in informal usage; compare rode/rooie, leder/leer, raden/raaien and so forth.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "nl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"houwen"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "houden"
}
],
"categories": [
"Dutch informal terms",
"Dutch pronunciation spellings"
],
"glosses": [
"Pronunciation spelling of houden."
],
"links": [
[
"Pronunciation spelling",
"pronunciation spelling"
],
[
"houden",
"houden#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) Pronunciation spelling of houden."
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"informal",
"pronunciation-spelling"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɦɑu̯ə(n)/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-houwen.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg/Nl-houwen.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Nl-houwen.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑu̯ən"
}
],
"word": "houwen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch class 7 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "houwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: houwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: houwen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "hou"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: hou",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: hou"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "li",
"2": "houwe"
},
"expansion": "Limburgish: houwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Limburgish: houwe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "houwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch houwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*hauwan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hauwan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hawwaną",
"4": "",
"5": "to hew, forge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch houwan, from Proto-West Germanic *hauwan, from Proto-Germanic *hawwaną (“to hew, forge”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hieus",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hous",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hieu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hieut",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "houwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hiewen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "hou",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "houwe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "hout",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "houwende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gehouwen",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"head": "",
"head2": ""
},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "houwen",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "houw",
"2": "hiew",
"3": "hiew",
"4": "gehouwen",
"class": "7"
},
"name": "dum-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to chop, to hew"
],
"links": [
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"hew",
"hew"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to chop down, to fell"
],
"links": [
[
"chop down",
"chop down"
],
[
"fell",
"fell"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to chop into pieces"
],
"links": [
[
"chop",
"chop"
],
[
"piece",
"piece"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to slash"
],
"links": [
[
"slash",
"slash"
]
]
}
],
"word": "houwen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for houwen meaning in All languages combined (16.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: houwen/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive'}",
"path": [
"houwen"
],
"section": "Middle Dutch",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "houwen",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.